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14. Prevalence of visual snow syndrome in the UK

Author

Kondziella, D., Olsen, M. H., Dreier, J. P., Kondziella, D., Olsen, M. H., and Dreier, J. P.

Abstract

Background and purpose: Visual snow syndrome is a recently described condition of unknown prevalence. We investigated the prevalence in a representative population sample from the UK and tested the hypothesis that visual snow syndrome is associated with young age, headache, tinnitus and mood impairment. Methods: Using a crowdsourcing platform, we recruited a representative sample of 1015 adult laypeople from the UK, matched for age, gender and ethnicity according to national census data. Participants were unprimed, i.e. were inquired about the ‘frequency of certain medical conditions’ but not ‘visual snow syndrome’. Results: A total of 38 of 1015 participants reported symptoms compatible with visual snow [3.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.7–5.2] and 22/1015 met criteria for visual snow syndrome (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.4–3.3). The female-to–male ratio for visual snow syndrome was 1.6:1. Subjects with visual snow syndrome were older (50.6 ± 14 years) than the population mean (44.8 ± 15 years), although this was not statistically different (P = 0.06). Of 22 participants with visual snow syndrome, 16 had mood symptoms (72.7%; P = 0.01), 12 had headache (54.5%; P = 0.06), including five with visual migraine aura (22.7%; P = 0.15) and 13 had tinnitus (59.1%; P < 0.001). No participant had diabetes or a cleft lip (control questions). Following a multivariable regression analysis to adjust for age and gender, only the association between visual snow syndrome and tinnitus remained significant (odds ratio, 3.93; 95% CI, 1.63–9.9; P = 0.003). Conclusions: The UK prevalence of visual snow syndrome is around 2%. We confirmed an association with tinnitus, but unprimed laypeople with visual snow syndrome are on average older than those seeking medical attention.

Published
2020

16. Abstract of the 68th Meeting (Spring Meeting) 6–9 March 1990, Heidelberg

Author

Sakmann, B., Schrader, J., Brenner, B., Murer, H., Boeckh, J., Handwerker, H. O., HonerjÄger, P., Dugas, M., Wang, G., DeLuca, A., Brinkmeier, H., Fakler, B., Pröbstle, T., Rüdel, R., Pohl, J. -A., Meves, H., Kroll, B., Bremer, S., Tümmler, B., Frömter, E., Schwegler, J. S., Steigner, W., Silbernagl, S., Pusch, Michael, Niemann, P., Schmidtmayer, J., Ulbricht, W., Hansen, G., Lönnendonker, U., Neumcke, B., Eickhorn, R., Hornung, D., Antoni, H., Penner, R., Neher, E., Takeshima, H., Nishimura, S., Numa, S., Melzer, W., Feldmeyer, D., Pohl, B., Zöllner, P., Müller, T. H., Swandulla, D., Misgeld, U, Ganitkevich, V. Ya., Isenberg, G., Cavalié, A., Allen, T. J. A., Trautwein, W., Pelzer, Siegried, Shuba, Yaroslav M., Asai, Tatsuya, Trautwein, Wolfgang, Brown, Arthur M., Birnbauner, Lutz, McDonald, Terence F., Pelzer, Dieter, Eckert, R., Hescheler, J., Rosenthal, W., Offermann, S., Krautwurst, D., Schultz, G., Kettenmahn, Helmut, Trotter, J., Verkhratsky, Alexe J N., Savtchenko, Alexej N., Verkhratsky, Alexej N., Schiefer, A., Klöckner, U., Partridge, L. D., SchÄfer, S., Jonas, P., Koh, D. S., Kampe, K., Hermsteiner, M., Vogel, W., Bauer, C. K., Schwarz, J. R., Fink, R. H. A., Wettwer, E., Weik, R., Schlatter, E., Bleich, M., Granitzer, M., Leal, T., Nagel, W., Crabbé, J., Lang, F., Kahn, E., Friedrich, F., Paulmichl, M., Hammerer, M., Maly, K., Grunicke, H., Böhm, T., Nilius, B., Gögelein, H., Dahlem, D., Weiss, H., Waldegger, S., Woell, E., Paulmichl, R., Ruppersberg, J. P., Schröter, K. H., Stocker, M., Pongs, O., Wittka, R., Boheim, G., Lichtinghagen, R, Augustine, C. K., Stühmer, W., Hoppe, Dorothe, Hoppe, D., Zittlau, K. E., Walther, C., Hatt, H., Franke, C., Quasthoff, S., Wischmeyer, E., Jockusch, H., Friedrich, M., Benndorf, K., Bollmann, G., Hirche, Hj., Hollunder-Reese, F., Mohrmann, M., Greger, R., Weber-Schürholz, S., Schürholz, T., Akabas, M., Landry, D., Al-Awqati, Q., Guse, A. H., Gercken, G., Meyerhof, W., Westphale, H. -J., Kerstins, U., Oberleithner, H., Tilmann, M., Kunzelmann, K., Klitsch, T., Siemen, D., Draguhn, A., Verdoorn, T. A., Pritchett, D. B., Seeburg, P. H., Malherbe, P., Möhler, H., Sakmann, B., Hatt H., Dudel, J., Stern, P., Zufall, F., Rosenheimer, J., Smith, D. O., Dörner, R., Ballanyi, K., Schlue, W. -R., Kalthof, B., Pott, L., Busch, C., Konno, T., Stenql, M., Reinhardt, Ch., Kaiser, H., Baumann, R., Wilimzig, M., Eichenlaub, R., Neumann, E., Lessmann, V., Gottmann, K., Dietzel, I. D., Keller, B. U., Yaari, Y., Konnerth, A., Backus, K. H., Giller, T., Knoflach, F., Pflimlin, P., Trübe, G., von Blankenfeld, G., Ymer, S., Sontheimer, H., Ewert, M., Seeburg, P. H., Kettenmann, H., Schneggenburger, R., Paschke, D., Hülser, D. F., Ubl, J., Kolb, H. A., Ströttchen, J., Boheim, S., Wehner, F., Guth, D., Kinne, R. K. H., Hülser, D. F., Polder, H. R., Bödeker, D., Hoppe, Susanne, Höller, H., Hampe, W., Ruf, H., Schulz, I., Dehlinger-Kremer, M., Ozawa, T., Vasilets, L., Schmalzing, G., MÄdefessel, K., Biel, H., Schwarz, W., Burckhardt, B. C., Stallmach, N., MairbÄurl, H., Hoffman, J. F., Schömig, E., Heuner, A., Göbel, B. O., Siffert, W., Butke, A., Hoffmann, G., zu Brickwedde, M. -K. Meyer, Vetter, H., Düsing, R., Rosskopf, D., Osswald, U., Steffgen, J., Koepsell, H., Martens, H., Rübbelke, M., GÄbel, G., Arens, J., Stabel, J., Fischer, Y., Thomas, J., Rose, H., Kammermeier, H., Munsch, Thomas, Deitmer, Joachim W., Engelmann, B., Duhm, J., Deitmer, Joachim W., Gunzel, D., Galler, S., Fischer, H., Clauss, W., Van Driessche, W., Köckerling, A, Schulzke, JD, Sorgenfrei, D, Fromm, M, Simon, B., Ganapathy, V., Leibach, F. H., Burckhardt, G., Krattenmacher, R., Voigt, Rosita, Dietrich, S., Leyssens, A., Zhang, S. L., Weltens, R., Steels, P., Hoffmann, B., Heinz, M., Habura, B., Dörge, A., Rechkemmer, G., von Engelhardt, W., StrauB, O., Wiederholt, M., Margineanu, D. -G., Van Driessche, W., Kreusel, K. M., Fromm, M., Lempart, U., Sorgenfrei, D., Hegel, U., Augustin, A. J., . Goldstein, R., Purucker, E., Lutz, J., Illek, B., Thiele, K -P., Schwealer, JS., Dittmer J., Bauer C., Eckardt, K. -U., Dittmer, J., Neumann, R., Bauer, C., Kurtz, A., Fromm, H., Schulzke, J. D., Clausen, P., Krohn, A., Lüderitz, S., Hierholzer, K., Kersting, U., Woinowski, L., Gro\mann, R., Bin, X. U., Ellendorff, F., Nitschke, R., Fröbe, U., Scholz, H., della Bruna, R., Ehmke, H., Persson, P. B., Seyfarth, M., Kirchheim, H. R., Dietrich, M. S., Parekh, N., Steinhausen, M., Bührle, C. P., Nobiling, R., Ullrich, K. J., Rumrich, G., Klöss, S., Papavassiliou, F., Hoyer, J., Schmitt, C., Jungwirth, A., Ritter, M., Westphale, H. J., Bevan, C., Theiss, C., Denek, Liliana, Schwegler, Johann S., SchÄfer, Roland, Augustin, Albert J., Heidland, August, Nafz, B., Just, A., Steidl, M., Pinggera, G., Gerstberger, R., Schütz, H., Simon, E., Lohrmann, E., Masereel, B., Delarge, J., Lang, H. J., Englert, H. C., Caliebe, D., Mályusz, M., Wrigge, P., Gronow, G., Klause N., Mályusz, M., Zinnert, H., Fagel, H., Jelkmann, W., Weiss, Ch., Augustin, A. J., Keil, R., Schmidt, W., Kröger, C., Brabant, E. G., Hilgendorf, A., Strauch, S., Lane, F., Prick, A., Golenhofen, N., Mildenberger, S., Schwegler, J. S., Flemming, B., Roloff, D., Wronski, T., Drews, G., Debuyser, A., Henquin, J. C., Jackson, M. B., DeRiemer, S. A., Schmid, A., Schnefel, S., Pröfrock, A., Hinsch, K. -D., Milz, J., Lamprecht, G., Seidler, U., Silen, W., Aziz, O., Reschke, W., Fischer, G., De Decker, N., Hayes, T., Coast, G., Van Kerkhove, E., von zur Mühlen, F., Eckstein, F., Hegel, U, Bentzel, CJ, Riecken, EO, Siemer, C., Rothenpieler, P., Smith, E., Lutnicki, K. R., Wróbel, J. T., Ledwożyw, A., PietraŚ, E., Sender, S., Jürgens, Klaus D., Kleinschmidt, T., Werkmeister, F., Kiwull-Schöne, H., Kiwull, P., Vahle, J., Ott, M., Zimmermann, R. E., Elsing, J. G., Million, D., Zillner, P., Thiel, M., Bardenheuer, H., Peter, K., Fandrey, J., Siegers, C. P., Rupp, H., Elimban, V., Dhalla, N. S., Morano, I., Agostini, B., Mühleisen, M., Mommaerts, W. F. H. M., Ono, K., Wussling, M., Schenk, W., Boldt, W., Lipp, P., Schüttler, K., Szymanski, G., Wendt-Gallitelli, M. F., Herzig, J. W., Depersin, H., Grupp, G., Grupp, I., Glitsch, H. G., Pusch, H., Zylka, Ch., Brāndle, M., Jacob, R., Stein, T., Isselhard, W., Sturz, J., Minor, T., Wingenfeld, P., Siegmund, B., Klietz, T., Schwartz, P., Piper, H. M., Linder, Christa, SchÄfer, Stefan, Heusch, Gerd, Becker, B. F., Reinholz, N., Raschke, P., Leipert, B., Gerlach, E., Dierberger, B., Gülch, R. W., Leverkus, M., Mitsuiye, T., Pohl, U., Wang, S. Y., Meyer, R., Haas, H. G., Christmann, H. Ph, Dörner, Th, Hock, D., Hertel, R., Gagelmann, M., Forssmann, W. G., Leijendekker, W. J., Kissling, G., Michel, H., Goetz, A., Freya, M., Fleckenstein-Grün, G., Schipke, Jochen D., Harasawa, Yasuhiko, Sugiura, Seiryo, Alexander, Joe, Burkhoff, Daniel, Kling, L., Müller-Beckmann, B., Schroth, M., Sponer, G., Böhm, E., Strein, K., Dorszewski, A., Arnold, G., Pike, G. K., Bryant, D. J., Roberts, M. L., Fink, R. H., Ross, Ch., Skyschally, A., Schulz, R., Linder, C., Heusch, G., Schipke, J. D., Burkhoff, D., Alexander, J., Gollnick, F., Peter, Kh., Franken-Weyers, R., Borst, M. M., Deussen, A., Pöpping, S., Hose, H., Strotmann, K. H., Lukascek, B., Karnath, T., Güttier, K., Klaus, W., Haverkampf, K., Guhlmann, M., Schmidt-Ott, S., Heuschen, U., Mall, G., Pfitzer, G., Rösch, J., Arner, A., Rüegg, J. C., Kröger, K., Schipke, J. D., ThÄmer, V., Ehring, Thomas, ThÄmer, Volker, Guth, B. D., Schnabel, Ph A., Schmiedl, A., Gebhard, M. M., Richter, J., Bretschneider, H. J., Guth, B. D., Oudiz, R. J., Schnabel, Ph., Richter, J ., Watanabe, H., Spahr, R., Piper, H. M., Obst, O., Mertens, H., Mülsch, A., Busse, R., Lamontagne, D., Herlan, K., Huang, A., Bassenae, E., Mackert, J. R. L., Schilling, L., Parsons, A. A., Wahl, M., Hock, D., Christmann, M. Ph., Thimm, F., Frey, M., Fleckenstein, a. A., Theilen, H., Göbel, U., Kuschinsky, W., Elbert, Th., Tafil-Klawe, M., Rau, H., Lutzenberger, W., Fleckenstein, A., Forst, H., Haller, M., Santjohanser, C., Lauterjung, L., Smieško, Y., Lang, D. J., Johnson, P. C., Schröck, H., Rau H., Elbert T., Geiger B, Lutzenberger W., Koch, G., Koralewski, H. E., Perschel, F. H., Wagner, K., Krüger, U., Albrecht, M., Hohlbach, G., Maassen, N., Foerster, M., Mühling, J., Bari, F., Pleschka, K., Schmidt, H. D., Gro\, H., Loock, W., Stick, C., Diefenbacher, U., Gronewold, D., Tobinsky, M., Walther-Behrends, A., Witzleb, E., Brummermann, M., Reinertsen, R. E., Rogausch, H., Rohn, W. M., Acker, H., Delpiano, M., Dufau, E., Hentschel, J., Heller, H., Schuster, K. -D., Siekmeier, R., Kronenberger, H., Lintl, H., Schiller-Scotland, Ch. F., Gebhart, J., Heyder, J., Meier-Sydow, J., Stahlhofen, W., Mottaghy, K., Geisen, C., Richter, W., Beckman, J., Marek, W., Ulmer, W. T., Thiele, A. E., Raschke, F., Peter, J. H., Hildebrandt, G., Kullmer, T., Kozianka-Burghof, G., Thiele, A. E., Schlaefke, M. E., Gnuschke, H., Schaefer, T., Schaefer, D., Schaefer, C., Bradley, Ronald J., Sterz, Raimund, Peper, Klaus, Benterbusch, R., Kraft, Th., Yu, L. C., Kuhn, H. J., Blankenbach, K., Asmussen, G., Kunze, I., Pieper, K. -S., Steinmetz, J., Schmidt, H., Krippeit-Drews, P., Hübschen, U., Nacimiento, A. C., Günzel, D., Rathmayer, W., Gaunitz, U., Költgen, D., Zachar, E., Soltau, B., De Martino, L., Hasselbach, W., Kössler, F., Lange, P., Küchler, G., Zeugner, C., Van Eyk, J., Hodges, R. S., Lorkovic, H., Clemens, N., Scheid, P., Noack, Th., Deitmer, P., Golenhofen, K., Lammel, E., Welling, Andrea, Felbel, Jochen, Hofmann, Franz, Katoch, S., Watanabe, T., Mandrek, K., Milenov, K., Hammer, K., Rössler, W., Sann, H., Pierau, Fr -K., Nguyen-Duong, H., Schneider, P., Stahl, F., Lepple-Wienhues, A., Korbmacher, C., Haller, H., Gebauer, M., Willner, U., Bialojan, C., Lengsfeld, M., Kyrtatas, V., Dartsch, Peter C., Boels, P. J., Fischer, W., Lenz, T., Thei\, U., Kreye, V. A. W., Ohkubo, T., Kupp, H., Vonderlage, M., Schreiner, V., Dorlöchter, M., Brinkers, M., Irintchev, A., Wernig, A., Langenfeld, B., Finger, W., Wolburg, H., Beer, A., Schwejda, Ch., Scheller, D., Heister, U., Tegtmeier, F., Knöpfel, Thomas, Spuler, Andreas, Grafe, Peter, GÄhwiler, Beat, Bijak, M., Misgeld, U., Müller, W., Rausche, G., Leweke, F M., Bingmann, D., Moraidis, I., Speckmann, E. -J., Madeja, M., Mu\hoff, U., Lehmenkühler, A, Kuhlmann, D., Hans, M., Lux, H. D., StrÄub, H., Waiden, J., Baker, R. E., Grantyn, R., Perouansky, M., Kraszewski, K, Lehmenkühler, Chr, Dodt, H. U., ZieglgÄnsberger, W., Pawelzik, H., ZieglgÄngsberger, W., Mann, K., Wiethölter, H., Albrecht, D., Dreier, J., Ficker, E., Beck, H., Corrette, B J., Dreyer, F., Repp, H., Dreessen, J., Augustine, G. J., Lehmenkühler, A., Büsselberg, D., Heimrich, B., Haas, H. L., Birnstiel, S., Haas, H. L., Schönrock, B., Altrup, U., Reith, H., Speckmann, E. -J., Alzheimer, C., Bruagencate, G. ten, Fruhstorfer, B., Mignot, E., Nishino, S., Dement, W. C., Guilleminault, C., Simon-Oppermann, Christa, Günther, Olaf, Stehle, J., Reuss, S., Seidel, A., Riemann, R., Vollrath, L., Reimer, Susanne, HölIt, Volker, Sonnhof, U., Krupp, J., Claus, H, Hinckel, P., Dick, H. B. H., Hiemke, C., Jussofie, A., Dorn, T., Uhlig, S., Witte, O. W., Bother B., Eiselt M., Witte H., Zwiener ö, Rother M, Eiseit H., Taghavy, A., KrÄtzer, A., Clusmann, H., Heinemann, U., Block, F., Sonatg, K. -H., Falkeristein, M., Hohnsbein, J., Hoormann, J., Frieling, A., Tarkka, I. M., Kullmann, W., Bromm, B., Hirsch, M. Chr, Wissing, H., Braun, H. A., Igelmund, P., Klu\mann, F. W., Ehrenstein, W. H., Yakimoff, N., Mateeff, S., Zeise, M. L., Arriagada, J., Teschemacher, A., ZieglgÄnsberger, W., Pöppelmann, T., Köhling, R., Boerrigter, P., Reith, H., Anders, K., Ohndorf, W., Dermietzel, R., Richter, D. W., Tölle, T. R., Castro-Lopes, J. M., Neuropharmakologie, Klinische, Sandkühler, J., Leah, J. D., Herdegen, T., Zimmermann, M., Vaitl, D., Gnippe, H., Herbert, M. K., Mengel, M. K. C., Kniffki, K. -D., Linke, R., Vahle-Hinz, C., Schenda, J., Matsumura, K., Herdegen, T., fu, Q. -G., Forster, C., Hutchison, W. D., Morton, C. R., Aschoff, J., Wilhelm, Z., Schwarzacher, S. W., Wasserschaff, M, Hörner, M., Kümmel, H., Windhorst, U., Feldman, J. L., Schmid, K., Foutz, A. S., Denavit-Saubié, M., Pak, M. A., Wehling, P., Evans, C., Bandara, G., Awiszus, F., Feistner, H., Heinze, H. -J., Illert, M., Wasserschaff, M., Kleinebeckel, D., Böhmer, G., Schauer, W., Abel, H. -H., Klü\endorf, D., Koepchen, H. P., Jarolimek, W, König, St, Czachurski, J., Seller, H., Meckler, R. L., McLachlan, E. M., Boczek-Funcke, A., HÄbler, H. -J., JÄnig, W., Michaelis, M., Dembowsky, K., Königr, S., Rau, Harald, HÄbler, H. -J., Unger, M., Merker, G., Roth, J., Zeisberger, E., Gao, H., Hunold, M., Kirchner, F., Takano, K., Schulze, K., Pokorski, M., Sakakibara, Y., Masuda, A., Morikawa, T., Ahn, B., Takaishi, S., Paulev, P. -E., Honda, Y., Flügge, G., Fuchs, E., König, S., Eysel, U. Th., Schmidt-Kastner, R., Skrandies, W., Geib, T., Baumann, C., Schmidt, K. -F., Knapp, A. G., Dowling, J. E., Kuba, M., Toyonaga, N., Kubová, Z., Ehrenstein, W. H., Jacobi, P., Schmidt, K. -F., Nöll, G. N., Baumann, Ch., Tabata, M., Martin, Ch., Meissl, H., Knottenberg, Th., Scheibner, H., Zenner, Hans P., Zimmennann, Ulrike, Gitter, Alfred H., Ding, D., Smolders, J. W. T., Klinke, R., Boekhoff, I., Raming, K., Krieger, J., Tareilus, E., Strotinann, J., Breer, H., Schild, D., DeSimone, J. A., Hellwig, S., Gitter, A. H., Plinkert, P. K., Zenner, H. P., Koltzenbwg, M., Pinter, E., SchÄfer, K., Braun, H. A., Necker, R., Hanesch, U., Heppelmann, B., Schmidt, R. F., Mense, S., Hoheisel, U., Steen, K. H., Anton, F., Reek, P. W., Handwerker, H. O., Lewin, G. R., McMahon, S. B., Heyer, G., Hornstein, O. P., Klement, W., Arndt, J. O., Maeerl, W., GrÄmer, G., Schepelmann, K., Me\linger, K., Schaible, H. -G., Treede, R. D., Meyer, R. A., Campbell, J. N., Claus, D., Neundörfer, B., Ernst, R., Tick-Waider, A. M., Bretschneider, F., Peters, R. C., Tennis, P. F. M., Teunis, P. F. M., Hoheisel, D., Scherotzke, R., Bub, A., Manzl, G., Forssmann, W. G., Jessen, C., Nuesslein, B., Schmidt, I., Wetzig, J., Reiser, M., Bregenzer, N., von Baumgarten, R. J., Mohr, E., Krzywanek, H., Warncke, G., Schuchmann, K. -L., Linow, H., Klu\mann, F. H., Redlin, U., Heldmaier, G., Bamler, A, Koller, A., Felber, S., Haid, C., Wicke, K., Raas, E., Xuemin, Wang, Kerning, Chen, Ying, Shi, Hanping, Shi, Warncke, Günther, Voisord, R., Dortsch, P. C., Betz, E., Karbach, U., Walenta, S., Gross, M. W., Mueller-Klieser, W., Vaupel, P., Okunieff, P., Mayer, W. -K., Stohrer, M., Krüger, W., Müller-Klieser, W., Strupp, M., Weial, P., Bostock, H., Piwernetz, K., Renner, R., Grafe, P., Lankers, J., Zangemeister, W., Kunze, K., Tries, S., Heinle, H., Beckerath, N. V., Maier-Rudolph, W., Mehrke, G., Günther, K., Goedel-Meinen, L., Daut, J., Piper, H. M., Kopp, A., Noll, T., Goellner, A., Gerlach, S., Teutsch, H. F., Schienger, K., Schwab, R., Höckel, M., Fotev, Z., Nienhaus, M., Kaczmarczyk, Gabriele, Richter, Dinah, Korte, Gabriele, Förther, J., Reinhardt, H. W., Schreiber, R., Rupp, J., Murphy, G., Fingerle, J., Kloiber, O., Miyazawa, T., Höhn-Berlage, M., Hossmann, K. -A., Schad, H., Heimisch, W., Blasini, R., Haas, F., Mendier, M., Spuler, A., Lehmann-Hom, F., Wolfram, U., Fenske, M., Sachser, N., Weis, Ch., Marktl, W., Kopta, B., Klammer, N., Rudas, B., Pohl, H., Nienartowicz, A., Moll, W., Klempt, M., Blum, S., Bühler, H., Lichtenstein, I., Novak, A., Siebe, H., Hierholzer, K., and Peper, K.

Published
1990
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21. Application of stereological estimates in patients with severe head injuries using CT and MR scanning images

Author

Eriksen, Nanna, Rostrup, E, Andersen, K, Lauritzen, M J, Fabricius, Martin Ejler, Larsen, V A, Dreier, J P, Strong, A J, Hartings, J A, Pakkenberg, Bente, Eriksen, Nanna, Rostrup, E, Andersen, K, Lauritzen, M J, Fabricius, Martin Ejler, Larsen, V A, Dreier, J P, Strong, A J, Hartings, J A, and Pakkenberg, Bente

Abstract

Severe brain damage is often followed by serious complications. Quantitative measurements, such as regional volume and surface area under various conditions, are essential for understanding functional changes in the brain and assessing prognosis. The affected brain tissue is variable, hence traditional imaging methods are not always applicable and automatic methods may not be able to match the individual observer. Stereological techniques are alternative tools in the quantitative description of biological structures, and have been increasingly applied to the human brain. In the present study, we applied stereological techniques to representative CT and MRI brain scans from five patients to describe how stereological methods, when applied to scans of trauma patients, can provide a useful supplement to the estimation of structural brain changes in head injuries. The reliability of the estimates was tested by obtaining repeated intra- and interobserver estimates of selected subdivisions of the brain in patients with acute head injury, as well as in an MR phantom. The estimates of different subdivisions showed a coefficient of variation (CV) below 12% in the patients and below 7% for phantom estimation. The validity of phantom estimates was tested by the average deviation from the true geometric values, and was below 10%. The stereological methods were compared with more traditional region-based methods performed on medical imaging, which showed a CV below 7% and bias below 14%. It is concluded that the stereological estimates may be useful tools in head injury quantification.

Published
2010

27. Association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and medication use in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery.

Author

Ernst, J.B., Kuhn, J., Becker, T., Dreier, J., Börgermann, J., Knabbe, C., Gummert, J.F., and Zittermann, A.

Abstract

Background and aim Low vitamin D status, i.e. circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels <50 nmol/l, is independently associated with increased CVD risk. Medication use may influence 25OHD levels. We therefore investigated the association of circulating 25OHD with medication use in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery. Methods and results A total of 11,256 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. We compared 25OHD levels of medication users (18 groups of continuously used and 5 groups of intermittently used medications) with levels of non-users. Moreover, we assessed variables (medications, demographic and clinical parameters) that were independently associated with 25OHD levels <50 nmol/l. The prevalence of 25OHD levels <50 nmol/l was 65.7%. The use of statins and immunosuppressive agents was significantly associated with higher 25OHD levels and lower odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50 nmol/l. The use of ACE-inhibitors, catecholamines and antibiotics was associated with lower 25OHD levels and higher odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50 nmol/l. However, only use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and catecholamines showed clinically relevant differences in 25OHD levels, i.e. differences of more than +4 nmol/l or −4 nmol/l, compared with respective non-users. These medications were prescribed either intermittently (antibiotics, catecholamines) and/or infrequently (<2%; immunosuppressive agents, catecholamines) and/or its causal relationship with circulating 25OHD is questionable (antibiotics). Female sex and blood drawing during wintertime were associated with the highest odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50 nmol/l. Conclusion Data indicate that in patients with high cardiovascular risk profile medication use does not substantially contribute to 25OHD levels <50 nmol/l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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28. Delayed ischaemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with clusters of spreading depolarizations

Author

Dreier, J. P., primary, Woitzik, J., additional, Fabricius, M., additional, Bhatia, R., additional, Major, S., additional, Drenckhahn, C., additional, Lehmann, T.-N., additional, Sarrafzadeh, A., additional, Willumsen, L., additional, Hartings, J. A., additional, Sakowitz, O. W., additional, Seemann, J. H., additional, Thieme, A., additional, Lauritzen, M., additional, and Strong, A. J., additional

Published
2006
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37. Systematic Evaluation of Different Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays for Cytomegalovirus Detection: Feasibility of Blood Donor Screening

Author

Vollmer, T., Knabbe, C., and Dreier, J.

Abstract

ABSTRACTAcute primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, which commonly occur asymptomatically among blood donors, represent a significant risk for serious morbidity in immunocompromised patients (a major group of transfusion recipients). We implemented a routine CMV pool screening procedure for plasma for the identification of CMV DNA-positive donors, and we evaluated the sensitivities and performance of different CMV DNA amplification systems. Minipools (MPs) of samples from 18,405 individual donors (54,451 donations) were screened for CMV DNA using the RealStar CMV PCR assay (Altona Diagnostic Technologies), with a minimum detection limit of 11.14 IU/ml. DNA was extracted with a high-volume protocol (4.8 ml, Chemagic Viral 5K kit; PerkinElmer) for blood donor pool screening (MP-nucleic acid testing [NAT]) and with the Nuclisens easyMAG system (0.5 ml; bioMérieux) for individual donation (ID)-NAT. In total, six CMV DNA-positive donors (0.03%) were identified by routine CMV screening, with DNA concentrations ranging from 4.35 × 102to 4.30 × 103IU/ml. Five donors already showed seroconversion and detectable IgA, IgM, and/or IgG antibody titers (IgA+/IgM+/IgG-or IgA+/IgM+/IgG+), and one donor showed no CMV-specific antibodies. Comparison of three commercial assays, i.e., the RealStar CMV PCR kit, the Sentosa SA CMV quantitative PCR kit (Vela Diagnostics), and the CMV R-gene PCR kit (bioMérieux), for MP-NAT and ID-NAT showed comparably good analytical sensitivities, ranging from 10.23 to 11.14 IU/ml (MP-NAT) or from 37.66 to 57.94 IU/ml (ID-NAT). The clinical relevance of transfusion-associated CMV infections requires further investigation, and the evaluated methods present powerful basic tools providing sensitive possibilities for viral testing. The application of CMV MP-NAT facilitated the identification of one donor with a window-phase donation during acute primary CMV infection.

Published
2015
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38. Differentiation of species of the Streptococcus bovis/equinus-complex by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in comparison to sodA sequence analyses.

Author

Hinse, D., Vollmer, T., Erhard, M., Welker, M., Moore, E.R.B., Kleesiek, K., and Dreier, J.

Subjects
BACTERIAL typing, STREPTOCOCCUS, MATRIX-assisted laser desorption-ionization, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry, COMPARATIVE studies, INFECTIVE endocarditis, SEPSIS, NUCLEOTIDE sequence
Abstract

Abstract: The Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex is a heterogeneous group within the group D streptococci with important clinical relevance regarding infective endocarditis, sepsis and colon carcinoma. The taxonomic identification of species and sub-species of this complex, by the standard methods remains difficult. In the present study, we compared the cluster analysis of 88 strains of species of the S. bovis/equinus complex by sequence analysis of the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene (sodA) and by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). We observed a high congruence of strain grouping by MALDI-TOF MS in comparison with sodA sequence analyses, demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of MALDI-TOF MS in comparison to DNA sequence-based method. By generating mass spectra for each species and sub-species, we were able to discriminate all members of the S. bovis/equinus complex. Furthermore, we demonstrated reliable identifications to the species level by MALDI-TOF MS, independently of cultivation conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2011
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39. Real-time polymerase chain reaction in transfusion medicine: applications for detection of bacterial contamination in blood products.

Author

Dreier J, Störmer M, and Kleesiek K

Abstract

Bacterial contamination of blood components, particularly of platelet concentrates (PCs), represents the greatest infectious risk in blood transfusion. Although the incidence of platelet bacterial contamination is approximately 1 per 2,000 U, the urgent need for a method for the routine screening of PCs to improve safety for patients had not been considered for a long time. Besides the culturing systems, which will remain the criterion standard, rapid methods for sterility screening will play a more important role in transfusion medicine in the future. In particular, nucleic acid amplification techniques (NATs) are powerful potential tools for bacterial screening assays. The combination of excellent sensitivity and specificity, reduced contamination risk, ease of performance, and speed has made real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology an appealing alternative to conventional culture-based testing methods. When using real-time PCR for the detection of bacterial contamination, several points have to be considered. The main focus is the choice of the target gene; the assay format; the nucleic acid extraction method, depending on the sample type; and the evaluation of an ideal sampling strategy. However, several factors such as the availability of bacterial-derived nucleic acid amplification reagents, the impracticability, and the cost have limited the use of NATs until now. Attempts to reduce the presence of contaminating nucleic acids from reagents in real-time PCR have been described, but none of these approaches have proven to be very effective or to lower the sensitivity of the assay. Recently, a number of broad-range NAT assays targeting the 16S ribosomal DNA or 23S ribosomal RNA for the detection of bacteria based on real-time technology have been reported. This review will give a short survey of current approaches to and the limitations of the application of real-time PCR for bacterial detection in blood components, with emphasis on the bacterial contamination of PCs.Copyright © 2007 by Elsevier Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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40. Development and Application of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Streptococcus gallolyticussubsp. gallolyticus

Author

Dumke, J., Hinse, D., Vollmer, T., Knabbe, C., and Dreier, J.

Abstract

ABSTRACTStreptococcus gallolyticussubsp. gallolyticus(formerly known as S. bovisbiotype I) is a commensal of the gastrointestinal tract in animals and in up to 15% of healthy humans. Furthermore, it is a facultative pathogen that can cause infectious endocarditis, mastitis, and septicemia. The number of infections is increasing, but the transmission routes and zoonotic potential remain unknown. To assess the zoonotic potential and characterize the epidemiological structure of S. gallolyticussubsp. gallolyticus, we established a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. We amplified and sequenced internal fragments of seven housekeeping genes. The resulting sequences were analyzed with BioNumerics software 6.6 by using the unweighted-pair group method using average linkages algorithm. A total of 101 S. gallolyticussubsp. gallolyticusstrains isolated from animals, humans, and environmental samples were analyzed and divided into 50 sequence types. Our first results highlight the importance of this MLST scheme for investigating the epidemiology, transmission patterns, and infection chains of S. gallolyticussubsp. gallolyticus.

Published
2014
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41. Comparison of Real-Time PCR and Antigen Assays for Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Blood Donors

Author

Vollmer, T., Knabbe, C., and Dreier, J.

Abstract

ABSTRACTHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is recognized as an emerging and often undiagnosed disease in industrialized countries, with asymptomatic infections actually occurring in blood donors. Sensitive detection of HEV-RNA is crucial for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. We evaluated the analytical sensitivity and performance of three HEV RT-PCR assays (RealStar HEV reverse transcription-PCR [RT-PCR], hepatitis@ceeramTools, and ampliCube HEV RT-PCR) for screening of individuals for HEV infections (ID-nucleic acid amplification technology [ID-NAT]) and for blood donor pool screening (minipool-NAT [MP-NAT]). RNA was extracted using NucliSens easyMAG (ID-NAT) and a high-volume extraction protocol (4.8 ml, chemagic Viral 5K, MP-NAT). Three NAT assays were evaluated for ID-NAT but only two assays for MP-NAT due to inhibition of the ampliCube HEV RT-PCR kit using the corresponding RNA extract. Assays provided good analytical sensitivity, ranging from 37.8 to 180.1 IU/ml (ID-NAT) and from 4.7 to 91.2 IU/ml (MP-NAT). The applicability of HEV antigen (HEV-Ag) screening was compared to that of RT-PCR screening and detection of HEV-IgM antibodies using seroconversion panels of 10 HEV genotype 3-infected individuals. Four individuals revealed a positive HEV-Ag detection result, with corresponding viremias ranging from 1.92E + 03 to 2.19E + 05 IU/ml, while the progression of HEV-Ag followed that of HEV viremia. The other six individuals showed no presence of HEV-Ag although the corresponding viremias were also in the range of >1.0E + 03. Anti-HEV-IgM antibodies were detectable in seven donors; one donor presented parallel positivities of HEV-Ag and anti-HEV IgM. The evaluated NAT methods present powerful tools providing sensitive HEV detection. Application of HEV-Ag or anti-HEV IgM screening is currently inferior for the early detection of HEV infection due to the decreased sensitivity compared to NAT methods.

Published
2014
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47. Kinetic analysis of the actinorhodin aromatic polyketide synthase.

Author

Dreier, J, Shah, A N, and Khosla, C

Abstract

Type II polyketide synthases (PKSs) are bacterial multienzyme systems that catalyze the biosynthesis of a broad range of natural products. A core set of subunits, consisting of a ketosynthase, a chain length factor, an acyl carrier protein (ACP) and possibly a malonyl CoA:ACP transacylase (MAT) forms a "minimal" PKS. They generate a poly-beta-ketone backbone of a specified length from malonyl-CoA derived building blocks. Here we (a) report on the kinetic properties of the actinorhodin minimal PKS, and (b) present further data in support of the requirement of the MAT. Kinetic analysis showed that the apoACP is a competitive inhibitor of minimal PKS activity, demonstrating the importance of protein-protein interactions between the polypeptide moiety of the ACP and the remainder of the minimal PKS. In further support of the requirement of MAT for PKS activity, two new findings are presented. First, we observe hyperbolic dependence of PKS activity on MAT concentration, saturating at very low amounts (half-maximal rate at 19.7 +/- 5.1 nM). Since MAT can support PKS activity at less than 1/100 the typical concentration of the ACP and ketosynthase/chain length factor components, it is difficult to rule out the presence of trace quantities of MAT in a PKS reaction mixture. Second, an S97A mutant was constructed at the nucleophilic active site of the MAT. Not only can this mutant protein support PKS activity, it is also covalently labeled by [(14)C]malonyl-CoA, demonstrating that the serine nucleophile (which has been the target of PMSF inhibition in earlier studies) is dispensible for MAT activity in a Type II PKS system.

Published
1999

49. Evidence for plasmid-encoded virulence factors in the phytopathogenic bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB382

Author

Meletzus, D, Bermphol, A, Dreier, J, and Eichenlaub, R

Abstract

The tomato pathogen Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis NCPPB382, which causes bacterial wilt, harbors two plasmids pCM1 (27.5 kb) and pCM2 (72 kb). After curing of the plasmids, bacterial derivatives were still proficient in the ability to colonize the host plant and in the production of exopolysaccharides but exhibited a reduced virulence. When one of the two plasmids is lost, there is a significant delay in the development of wilting symptoms after infection and a plasmid-free derivative is not able to induce disease symptoms. By cloning of restriction fragments of both plasmids in the plasmid-free strain CMM100, two DNA fragments which restored the virulent phenotype were identified. Further analysis suggested that a fragment of plasmid pCM1 encodes an endocellulase which is involved in the expression of the pathogenic phenotype.

Published
1993
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