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This paper, a conversation between Simon Grennan, Carol Wild, Miranda Matthews and Claire Penketh, explores drawing as cause and consequence, applying Grennan's thinking to three drawings as a means of exploring and exemplifying ideas discussed in his keynote at the iJADE Conference: Time in 2023. Following an initial introduction to key ideas that were raised for that audience, the paper explores the ways that three particular drawings operate, with temporality offering one of a number of ways that they may be explored. The paper centres on three questions: (i) What might students learn are the different purposes of drawing? (ii) How might students adjudicate the status of drawn traces? (iii) How might students adjudicate the value of drawing activities? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a recently discovered free-hand drawing from Marcel Proust to his former lover and lifelong friend, the composer Reynaldo Hahn. After unfurling the drawing's concatenation of intimate and cultural references, including to works by La Fontaine and Massenet, I highlight shared themes of suffering and comfort in two better-known 'medieval' traced drawings from Proust to Hahn. Using Marion Milner's and D. W. Winnicott's theorisation of the 'free drawing method' and the 'squiggle game', I argue that Proust's drawings to Hahn can be read as a pictorial trace of, and tribute to, the creative valence of the two men's unique relationship during a crucial period: 1904–1906, immediately preceding the first known drafts of À la recherche du temps perdu. Finally, I suggest that these drawings have significant echoes in the widely commented madeleine scene at the onset of Du côté de chez Swann, where the narrator first unlocks his own repository of subjective images and his potential to plunge inward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational gender stereotypes develop from early age and contribute to occupational gender imbalance. Previous research used questionnaires or interviews to investigate children's explicit stereotypes and where drawings have been used, mostly men‐dominated occupations have been considered. This study used drawings and interviews to assess implicit stereotypes of both men and women‐dominated occupations and whether children's sex, age and cultural background predicted these stereotypes. Two hundred and forty‐three 6‐to‐7‐year‐olds and 10‐to‐11‐year‐olds in Britain and Argentina‐encompassing both Global South and Global North perspectives‐ drew five human figures: (i) person of their choice, (ii) dancer, (iii) nanny (iv) firefighter and (v) pilot. In interviews, children confirmed and justified their gender choices for each drawing. Results indicate gender stereotypes in children from both countries, especially towards women‐dominated occupations. Girls exhibited more rigid gender views than boys. These findings suggest widespread and culturally consistent occupational gender stereotypes, potentially limiting children's future job choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article concerns a representation of a temple festival in Tiruniḻalmāla , a major literary work in early Malayalam. The work in question focuses on a high-order Brahmanic temple of Āṟanmuḷa in the moment of a grave ritual and operational crisis. It emphasizes the restorative role of rather lowly rites of exorcism and purification including elements of dance, song, and drama. The article pays close attention to the structure of its textual matter and the literary strategies deployed by its author in meeting the performative exigencies of the genre. The festival itself seems today to have been long forgotten in the place of its origin. The article attempts to understand the socioreligious functions of the festival by exploring the inner logic of its literary representation, drawing parallels to other cultural institutions of medieval Kerala and showing how its afterlife in folk possession dance rituals contributed to the transmission of a text that gave the festival its literary form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spatial construction is a complex ability involving attention, global/local visual processing, mental representation, visuo-motor coordination and, to varying extent, working memory and executive functions, and verbal abilities. In developmental neuropsychology, little attention has been paid to comprehend whether and to what extent the above cognitive processes are involved in two main spatial construction tasks, that is drawing and block building. Method: We used path analysis to test shared and specific effects of verbal and spatial working memory, spatial attention, inhibition, verbal abilities (vocabulary and naming), figure disembedding, mental rotation, and visual-motor coordination, as well as of demographics (sex, age and socio-economic status), on two classical drawing (Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure; ROCF) and block building (Block design; BD) tasks in a sample of 195 typically developing children (age range: 7-11 years). Results: Figure disembedding and visuo-motor coordination were the only shared predictors of both spatial construction tasks. Moreover, ROCF score was directly related with spatial attention and inhibition, while BD score was directly related with sex, vocabulary, mental rotation and backward spatial working memory. Discussion: These findings distinguish between abilities involved in spatial construction regardless of the type of task and those specifically related to ROCF or Block Design, thus providing clues relevant to neuropsychological assessment and intervention in children with spatial construction disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To examine the effect of listening to music and drawing on coping with dysmenorrhea complaints of nursing students. Methods: The study was a double-blind, three parallel-group randomized controlled trial conducted between August 2023 and May 2024 at Bartın University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Ninety-six dysmenorrheic nursing students with regular menstrual cycles were included in the study and randomly assigned to three groups as drawing, music and control groups. Visual Analog Scale (100mmVAS of pain), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Menstrual Symptoms Scale (MSS) were applied to the students at baseline, 1st and 2nd months. The interventions were as follows: the music group listened to a 29-minute and 32-second song three days before menstruation and on the first day of menstruation in the third month composed by Juan Sebastian Martin-Saavedra, while the drawing group created art for the same duration. The pain scores, perceived stress, and menstrual symptoms were measured in all groups after the interventions. Results: Pretest, 1st and 2nd months 100mmVAS of pain score averages were 7.16 ± 1.99, 7.16 ± 1.99 and 7.50 ± 1.98 for the control group, 7.22 ± 1.64, 4.84 ± 1.80 and 2.13 ± 1.45 for the music group and 6.69 ± 1.80, 5.09 ± 1.55 and 2.91 ± 1.33 for the drawing group, respectively. Pretest, 1st and 2nd months PSS score averages were 28.75 ± 3.71, 29.09 ± 3.87 and 30.03 ± 4.16 for the control group, 29.91 ± 3.98, 14.06 ± 4.06 and 3.59 ± 3.82 for the music group and 27.38 ± 3.63, 18.13 ± 5.60 and 8.34 ± 5.46 for the drawing group, respectively. Pretest, 1st and 2nd months MSS score averages were 79.25 ± 15.41, 88.00 ± 20.08 and 90.66 ± 19.13 for the control group, 85.41 ± 10.77, 62.41 ± 15.23 and 34.00 ± 12.62 for the music group and 80.69 ± 11.07, 65.53 ± 15.37 and 47.31 ± 15.11 for the drawing group, respectively. Mean menstrual pain intensity, mean perceived stress level, and mean menstrual symptoms level in the art and music group decreased significantly at 1st and 2nd months post-intervention (p <.001). A significant increase in score levels was observed in the control group. Conclusions: Both art and music practices are effective in significantly reducing menstrual pain, perceived stress, and menstrual symptoms in nursing students with dysmenorrhea. It is important to include listening to music and drawing on women's health and disease nursing practices to control menstrual pain, perceived stress, and menstrual symptoms in dysmenorrhea. Clinical trials registration number: https://clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT06027489; registered August 30, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on Jacques Derrida’s Memoirs of the Blind, the catalog accompanying the exhibit of the same name that Derrida organized and curated at the Louvre Museum in Paris in 1990. The essay begins by considering Derrida’s seemingly surprising choice of themes, that is, darkness, blindness and invisibility, for an exhibit of drawings and paintings that belong to the so-called ‘visual arts’. The essay goes on to explain what Derrida calls in Memoirs of the Blind two intersecting logics in the visual arts, the ‘transcendental’ and the ‘sacrificial’, both of which are related in some way to blindness or invisibility. It then considers how these two logics come to intersect in Derrida’s own exhibit and in the autobiographical narrative – the memoir – of his exhibition, a narrative that, as we see, also proceeds from a certain blindness or lack of knowledge. The essay concludes by asking what Derrida’s analyses might teach us about the blindness at the very origin of the visual arts and, especially, about a certain ‘elementary faith’ – a notion taken from his 1996 essay ‘Faith and Knowledge’ – that is required in order to practice them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the findings of research on the production of wire from 850 and 585 platinum-based alloys intended for use in jewelry chains. The chemical compositions of two novel jewelry alloys of 585 platinum-containing modifying additives of rhodium and ruthenium are proposed and patented. An analysis was carried out to evaluate the existing section rolling and drawing schedules for the three platinum alloys to identify more efficient drafting methods, with a focus on reducing the labor intensity of metal deformation processes and minimizing the force parameters. A computer model of section rolling for the studied jewelry alloys, based on 850 and 585 platinum, was developed to analyze the shape variation and force parameters of the process and to propose a new deformation schedule for the studied alloys with the accepted reduction distribution per pass. The new deformation schedule was characterized by a more uniform reduction distribution per pass than that observed in the existing schedule, allowing the number of rolling passes to be reduced due to their redistribution. In order to determine the rolling force and to model the process, an approximation formula was used to calculate the time resistance, which is dependent on the total degree of compression. By using proprietary software and computer simulation, the parameters of wire drawing with a diameter of up to 0.25 mm from the studied alloys were calculated, which allowed the deformation and force parameters to be assessed when implementing the proposed drafting schedule. In addition, it was established that the drawing process exhibits a sufficiently high safety factor and low power consumption. It is therefore recommended that the process be subjected to industrial testing. The findings of this research can be recommended for improving the technology of wire manufacturing from the 850 and 585 platinum alloys intended for jewelry chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate digital technology (DT) perceptions and usage among 3–6-year-old Turkish children. Children (N = 293) were asked to imagine themselves using DT, draw pictures of what they imagine, and narrate their drawings. They then were interviewed about their DT use. Parents (N = 293) also participated via a questionnaire addressing the digital environment, screen time (ST), and parental mediation (PM) of children's technology use. Using a mixed-method approach, qualitative data were subjected to content analysis and converted to quantitative data. The quantitative analysis involved Kruskal–Wallis H, Mann–Whitney U, Spearman's rho, and Chi-square tests. Findings indicated children may have limited perception regarding the usage alternatives of DTs, no significant difference between the purpose of DT use in drawings in terms of gender, an average ST of three hours among children, a moderate positive correlation between children's and parents' ST, and children primarily engaging in watching and playing activities. While children's ST did not differ according to age, it varied significantly according to the parents' educational levels. According to the rating systems, children are exposed to games and content that are not age-appropriate. Parents mainly mediate their children's DT usage by limiting ST and accompanying children's screen use. The study includes implications and suggestions for parents, educators and schools, community, content developers, digital platforms, and researchers working on this subject to work collaboratively to ensure that young children use digital technologies interactively, supporting development and education, and in age-appropriate, creative usage alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is it for art-critical conversation to be productively and appropriately responsive to a work of fine art? Broadly, contemporary work on the nature and purpose of aesthetic discourse tends to prioritize one of two poles: the need for agreement in judgement and/or sensibility, and the flourishing of individuality through aesthetic response. I propose that these alternatives each express the legacy of Kantian and Schillerian thought, respectively. Furthermore, I argue that a favourable approach is available if we look to Friedrich Hölderlin's way of characterizing the kind of communication that can occur between friends. This is a framework that binds together a plurality of perspectives and voices with what it is for one's individuality to flourish in and through aesthetic response. Drawing on Hölderlin's thought, I submit Diversity-in-Unity as a norm on art-critical conversation. In art criticism, individual perspectives need to be reciprocally shaped in new and surprising ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chechen authorities' focus upon population health is enacted both through the principles of Islamic medicine and approved biomedical practices. Any healing practices beyond these domains are met with deep suspicion. Practitioners of unofficial complementary and alternative medicine healers may abruptly find themselves regarded as enemies of the state. In light of this precarious circumstance, it becomes pertinent to inquire: How do these healers employ their daily tactics to negotiate the intricate power dynamics between the formidable state apparatus and the established biomedical order? Drawing from our meticulous fieldwork conducted in the year 2021, we investigated the intricate tactics employed by unofficial healers in the Chechen medical landscape during COVID-19. Our research centred on discerning the nuanced tactics aimed at mitigating potential risks. We conclude that healers, having embodied tactics to creatively manoeuvre within the confines of the authoritarian state, perceived the challenges posed by COVID-19 as merely another, often inconsequential, obstacle in their enduring struggle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for alternative methods of providing informed consent is increasing, especially in research with marginalised (or illiterate) research participants. This article discusses the co-creation of a visual informed consent (VIC), in collaboration with an artist. The VIC was inspired by the experience of obtaining informed consent from a group of migrant women with limited English proficiency, in empirical research undertaken on agroecology and health in Coventry, UK. Reflecting further on its creation and wider utility, this article explores the inner values that might guide researchers and lead to the co-creation of care-full tools that meet the needs of research participants. Specifically, this includes, reflecting on the iterative process of developing a VIC and using an ethics of care as a primary conceptual framework. Findings reveal that participants' understanding of ethical issues is facilitated using visual illustrations. It is argued that the creation of a VIC requires the researcher to be attentive to the embodied nature of research practice and guided by an ethics of care. A conceptual framework that integrates care and embodiment is presented, with the intention that it may further support the development of care-full research by others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing is commonly used to facilitate event recall in eyewitness and therapeutic settings. Building on Derksen and Connolly's (2022) review, we meta‐analytically examined how drawing affects memory relative to purely verbal methods of communication (e.g. 'talk only' interviews). Database searches identified 36 randomised controlled trials of the effect of drawing‐based interventions on event memory (N = 2013). Our memory outcome measures were amount and accuracy of information reported, errors and confabulations. Random‐effects analysis indicated drawing was favoured relative to verbal controls across these four outcomes. Drawing enhanced the amount (g = 0.63, p <.001) and accuracy (g = 0.29, p =.014) of information reported, but did not reduce errors (g = 0.05, p =.633) or confabulations (g = 0.22, p =.488) relative to control. The memory benefits of drawing were not moderated by age (children vs. adults), event type (autobiographical vs. live/staged vs. video), control type (visual‐active vs. verbal‐only) or task timing (immediate vs. delay). Two potential moderators could not be analysed due to the paucity of studies: event focus (trauma‐related vs. non‐trauma‐related) and drawing focus (event‐focused vs. non‐event‐focused). Our meta‐analysis indicates that drawing is a valuable facilitator of event recall relative to traditional methods of communication. However, our review also highlights the need for more trauma‐specific studies. We address and offer practical recommendations for future studies to address potential risks that may result from using drawing in applied settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the fluctuating relationship between the concepts of the "smooth" and "striated" musical space and time introduced by French composer Pierre Boulez and further developed by philosopher Gilles Deleuze, as well as its connection to rheology. The study focuses on how the understanding of the Reynolds number (Re), a parameter that characterizes the way a fluid flows in a duct, might provide a new approach to investigating the aforementioned musical concepts and visualizing them through drawing. This article also introduces a way of studying and visualizing musical compositions by establishing analogies between compositional parameters and the molecular and inertial forces that exist within the stream of a fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article charts a critical history of drawing, as it was taught within “general” schooling in colonial Bombay (now Mumbai), beyond the artisanal workshop, art, and industrial schools. Rather than children’s creative or subjective expression as it is commonly seen today, drawing’s presence in the school curriculum was a sign of the efforts being taken to create a workforce suitable for industrial capitalism, in Britain and in India. Analysing archival sources, and situating them within the broader discourses around colonialism, work, and the industrial subject, the article points out that when drawing was taught in Bombay it was hamstrung by issues metropolitan in origin, viz. course design, inconsistent pedagogic vision, lack of financial outlay as well as local conditions of low industrialisation. Similar problems plagued drawing in Britain. However, colonial power relations held Indian teachers and school-goers responsible for drawing’s “failures” in addressing the crisis of technical skilling and employment generation in India, while in Britain the critique was directed towards the system. Drawing – despite these “failures” – came to be valued as a practice necessary in and of itself. Drawing, the article contends, offered an embodied and verifiable response to wage labour, as seen in its unfolding in the colony, i.e. a moral technology geared towards wage labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Dyadic synchrony is positively associated with social competence. Although children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and children diagnosed with Down Syndrome (DS) both have trouble with dyadic synchrony, the origin of their difficulties is fundamentally different. In this mixed method study, we investigated differences in dyadic synchrony and social behavior between children diagnosed with ASD and DS. Methods: Twenty-seven children diagnosed with ASD (10 cisgender females; Mage = 10.98 years; SD = 2.21) and twenty-five children diagnosed with DS (11 cisgender females; Mage = 11.91 years; SD = 2.27) performed a collaborative drawing task with a parent in which they had to synchronize their drawing movements. We continuously tracked their dominant hand movements using wearable accelerometers, and performed Cross-Recurrence Quantification Analysis to extract synchrony measures. Additionally, we compared the social behaviors (interpersonal synchrony, emotion regulation, and social cognition, motivation, and confidence) of these children using quantitative parental questionnaires. Results: Parent-child synchrony measures were significantly higher for children diagnosed with ASD. Yet, parents were significantly more positive about the social behaviors of children diagnosed with DS. No significant correlation between the synchrony and questionnaire measures was found. Conclusion: While children diagnosed with ASD synchronize better during a collaborative task, the social behavior of the children diagnosed with DS (including social synchrony) is more positively evaluated by their parents. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tribological phenomena concerning the lubrication regime change (LRC) during bulk metal forming are comprehensively studied. A multi-step cold forward extrusion process shows the evolution of LRC and reveals the shortcomings of the traditional Coulomb friction law. The previous works of the specific author's research group on friction are reviewed, focusing on the LRC during bulk metal forming. Various LRC phenomena from various examples are revealed. It has been found that the drawing and forward extrusion processes are vulnerable to LRC because of significant sliding motion at the material–die interface, and that when the strain hardening of the material is slight, the influence of friction increases, and as a result, the influence of LRC increases excessively. The new findings also include the impact of LRC on the macroscopic phenomena of the process and the reason for the sharp increase in friction coefficient via LRC, which is validated by the work of Wilson. This paper aims to make engineers and researchers think much of the tribology with lubricant in bulk metal forming with a focus on the dependence of tribological phenomena on the state of the lubricants and the irrationality of traditional friction law, especially in the forging of materials with a low strain hardening capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The goal of this study is to determine whether two commonly used generative learning activities for text-based lessons--writing a summary or creating a drawing--help students learn from a multimedia lesson involving animations with short text captions without prior training in the generative activities. Methods: Students viewed a series of four annotated animations on greenhouse gases. During pauses between the animations, students were asked to generate a written summary, to create a drawing, or to do both, whereas a control group viewed the lesson without any generative learning activities. Students were tested immediately (Experiment 1) or after a one-week delay (Experiment 2). Results: In both experiments, students who produced written summaries scored significantly higher on the posttest than those who engaged in no generative learning activities (d = 0.48 in Experiment 1, d = 0.54 in Experiment 2), but there was no significant difference on the posttest for students who generated drawings compared to those who engaged in no generative learning activities. In addition, those who engaged in drawing and summarizing did not have significantly different posttest performance than those engaged in summarizing alone. Discussion: We conclude that writing summaries during a highly visual animated lesson is effective for learning, possibly because it encourages students to engage in generative processing during learning more than drawing and we discuss potential reasons for this in the discussion. This work helps extend generative learning theory by pinpointing potential boundary conditions for learning by drawing and learning by summarizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared the benefit of production and drawing on recall of concrete and abstract words, using mixed- and pure-list designs. We varied stimulus and list types to examine whether the memory benefit from these strategies was sustained across these manipulations. For all experiments, the memory retrieval task was free recall. In Experiment 1, participants studied concrete and abstract words sequentially, with prompts to either silently-read, read aloud, write, or draw each target (intermixed). Reading aloud, writing, and drawing improved recall compared to silent reading, with drawing leading to the largest boost. Performance, however, was at floor in all but the drawing condition. In Experiment 2, the number of targets was reduced, and each strategy (between-subjects) was compared to silent-reading. We eliminated floor effects and replicated results from Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, we manipulated strategy in a pure-list-design. The drawing benefit was maintained while that from production was eliminated. In all experiments, recall was higher for concrete than abstract words that were drawn; no such effect was found for words produced. Results suggest that drawing facilitates memory by enhancing semantic elaboration, whereas the production benefit is largely perceptually based. Importantly, the memory benefit conferred by drawing at encoding, unlike production, cannot be explained by a distinctiveness account as it was relatively unaffected by study design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the research is to shed light on the experiences of a group of nursing students enrolled in a yoga elective course who practiced yoga regularly for 14 weeks, regarding yoga and the phenomenon of doing yoga, with a qualitative approach. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted at a public university in Izmir, Turkey. The study sample consisted of 61 students enrolled in the 1st-year yoga course at the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences. Except for two students, 59 of them participated in the study. Participants attended a face-to-face yoga course once a week for 1.5 h over a 14-week period. Each session comprised 30 min of theoretical instruction and 60 min of practice. In data collection, an interview form containing five questions was used to understand nursing students' experiences and thoughts about practicing yoga. In addition, A4 sized papers in different colors were presented to the participants. The participants were asked to draw and/or cut a shape by choosing the paper in the color that most evokes yoga. Then they were asked to explain why they chose this color and why they drew this shape. Participants were given one hour. After the data were collected, the pictures drawn by the participants and their descriptions of their drawings were transferred to the computer and included in the analysis. Qualitative data were hand-coded by the researchers. Within in-vivo coding, code names were formed from the participants' expressions. The findings analyzed by content analysis were interpreted with the literature under the themes by presenting quotations. Results: It was determined that the participants used nature figures (sun, cloud, tree, sky, flower) (f = 75), people doing yoga (f = 12), and sound, light and other figures (bird sound, wave sound, candle, light bulb, traffic light, heart, eye, left key, peace, swing, India, circle, etc.) (f = 29) in the shapes they drew and cut out on A4 sized papers in different colors to describe their experiences and thoughts about practicing yoga. The participants mostly chose blue-green-yellow colors (n = 41). With qualitative question analysis, a list of codes was created from the answers given by the students to the questions for the phenomenon of "doing yoga" (number of codes = 98). After the analysis of the data, four categories were reached. The category names and frequency numbers explaining the phenomenon of practicing yoga were distributed as "symbol of health and serenity (f = 345)", "the way to place goodness in your heart (f = 110)", "the most effective way to meet the self (f = 93)" and "no guarantee of relaxation (f = 71)", respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that yoga is perceived by nursing students as a multifaceted practice that evokes a range of emotional and physical responses. Most participants associate yoga with symbols of health, serenity, and self-awareness, often using natural elements and blue-green-yellow the colors to represent these feelings. However, there is also recognition that yoga may not guarantee relaxation for everyone, as some students reported difficulties in meditation, physical discomfort, and challenges in focusing. The study highlights the variability in how individuals experience yoga, emphasizing both its positive effects on well-being and the potential challenges in practice. These findings suggest that while yoga is widely valued for its calming and health-promoting benefits, it may not be universally effective in achieving relaxation or mindfulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the role of vernacular forms of dance and music within Suzanne Duchamp's art. Focusing on her watercolor Scottish Espagnole (1920), it considers the interrelated concepts of dance, drawing, and diagrammatic language. The title refers to the dance of the schottische espagnole and a contemporaneous song by André Perchicot. Duchamp's engagement with dance is positioned in relation to her peers, especially Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, and Loïe Fuller. This reading explores how dance functioned as a medium within Dada, as well as a path to abstraction more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to scrutinize the impact of drawing medium on learning. Results from three experiments demonstrated that, when acquiring actual concepts, participants in the finger drawing condition exhibited better definition retention compared to those in the pencil drawing and stylus drawing conditions. When engaging with fictitious concepts, the superiority of the finger drawing condition in definition retention persisted over the other conditions. However, the advantage of finger drawing in definition retention was attenuated due to lower prior knowledge for fictitious materials. Experiment 1 found that term source memory and learning motivation were higher for finger drawing compared to pencil drawing, but these findings were not replicated in Experiments 2 and 3. Furthermore, Experiment 3 revealed that stylus drawing resulted in superior term source memory and learning motivation compared to finger drawing. This study underscores the presence of a drawing medium effect and suggests the significance of prior knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This autoethnographic study explores the often overlooked and undervalued roles of assistants in the contemporary art world, focusing on their experiences of alienation and burnout. Through a combination of personal narrative and theoretical analysis, it examines how support roles, despite being essential to artistic production, remain invisible within the dominant art discourse that idolizes creative authorship. I begin with a reflection on my experiences as both an assistant and a curator, highlighting instances of emotional labor and burnout among support staff. The narrative is contextualized within broader cultural and social frameworks, drawing on feminist theory and sociological studies that critique the hierarchical nature of artistic labor. Extending to autofictional literature, the analysis showcases how assistants articulate their alienation and critique the art world's exploitative dynamics. By interweaving personal and literary accounts, the study underscores the paradox of interdependence in art, where the labor of assistants is both indispensable and disregarded. The conclusion advocates for a reexamination of artworld structures, urging greater recognition and support for those in support roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of research on a new combined process involving multi-cycle wire-drawing and subsequent cryogenic cooling after each deformation stage. For theoretical research, modeling in the Deform software was performed. The analysis of temperature fields and the martensitic component in all models showed that for both considered thicknesses, the most effective option is a low deformation velocity and the conduct of a process without heating. The least effective option is to use an increased thickness of the workpiece at an increased deformation velocity and the conduct of a process without of heating to ambient temperature, which acts as a local cooling of the axial zone of the workpiece with an increase in the workpiece thickness. An analysis of laboratory studies on this combined process revealed that in the absence of intermediate heating of a wire between deformation cycles, 100% martensite is formed in the structure. However, if intermediate heating to 20 °C between deformation cycles is carried out, a gradient distribution of martensite can be obtained. And, since the wire has a circular cross-section, in all cases, martensite is distributed symmetrically about the center of the workpiece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the promising and little-studied methods for obtaining an ultrafine-grained structure and enhanced mechanical properties is the so-called cryogenic deformation - deformation at temperatures below 120K. It is assumed that low deformation temperatures suppress recovery processes, thus contributing to the accumulation of an extremely high dislocation density and increase internal stresses, as well as activate deformation twinning, which together will accelerate grain refinement. In this regard, in this work, we studied the drawing of steel wire under cryogenic cooling in liquid nitrogen. The results of the laboratory experiment show that the application of cryogenic deformation treatment after wire drawing improves mechanical properties compared to conventional wire drawing. In this case, after two cycles of deformation, the relative contraction after stretching decreases by 8 %, the ultimate strength increases by 40 %, and the conditional yield strength by 26 %. The results show that the deformation conditions during cryogenic drawing are an additional factor for the realization of structural resources of steel wire physical and mechanical properties optimizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aims to describe the range of research studies using arts-based data collection methods with immigrant and racialized older adults. A secondary aim is to identify challenges and strengths of using these approaches with this population. This review uses Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage scoping review framework with a final number of 16 references included for the study. Enhanced social connectedness, increased transparency and quality of findings, and self-empowerment were key strengths of using arts-based approaches for data collection. Challenges identified included resource limitations, cultural and language barriers, and barriers to meaningful engagement. Only a small number of studies have utilized arts-based methods with immigrant and racialized older adults. Arts-based approaches require unique methodological adaptations with this population but have the potential to increase engagement in research activities, authenticity of research findings and empowerment of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helen Pierce's recent publication of an eighteenth-century notebook detailing a corpus of drawings by the English artist Francis Place (1647–1728) expands understanding of the range and scope of his works on paper. More specifically, this material confirms the subject of a Place drawing in The Huntington's collections as one of the earliest extant views of Glasgow, produced during the artist's 1701 tour of Scotland. This essay sets out the physical and contextual evidence for this confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonhuman animal research has contributed to human health advancements but raises questions about the extent to which humans protect nonhuman animals during such endeavors. This series of drawings explores several ethics and empirical questions from a visual point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophers and moral educators have examined the potential for narrative media (e.g., novels or films) to influence the development of practical wisdom (the forms of perception and reasoning necessary for virtuous living). Interest in studying this relationship using social scientific methodology is growing. One social science discipline with relevant insights that have not yet been explored is media psychology, a subdiscipline in communication that empirically studies the effects of narrative media. Drawing on media psychology research, this paper proposes a model of one process by which narratives can help us develop practical wisdom. Developing certain functions of practical wisdom involves increasing our sensitivity to types of morally relevant features (MRFs) that we normally miss (i.e., increasing the accessibility of those features). The proposed model explains how, under the right conditions, narratives can influence the accessibility of a given type of MRF. Implications for operationalizing narrative effects on practical wisdom are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to explore arguments about the moral (in)appropriateness of counter-contempt as a justified moral and pedagogical response to racist contempt. Drawing on debates for and against contempt in moral philosophy, the paper suggests a contextual approach to contempt that pays attention to both the specifics of the concrete situation that agents are in when they are experiencing racist contempt and the context of the agents themselves, understood as the conceptual and affective tools that are available to them in order to discern and challenge the meaning of racist contempt. The paper discusses the moral and pedagogical dilemmas entailed in efforts to cultivate in the classroom (and beyond) the right kind of contempt—both as a pedagogical stance and as a political message—which does not backfire but instead inspires a productive engagement with racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of drawing as an assessment tool to reveal students' conceptions in biology specifically on human organs and organ systems is not new, however, there is a deficit in the literature that attempted to explore and reflect on its usefulness and relevance specifically, in eliciting students' preconceptions related thereto. Making use of a convergent mixed methods design, this paper presents the first phase of a sequential study on the development and implementation of a teaching sequence on human organ systems, that is the use of drawing in aggregating preconceptions on human organs and organ systems from among 138 pre-service teachers. The drawings underwent content and thematic analysis informed by the level of the biological quality of drawings. Results showed that a great majority of the participants possess limited and inconsistent conceptions that needed to be addressed systematically. Taking into consideration the purpose of eliciting and nature of students' preconceptions, as well as the inherent strengths and limitations of drawing as a tool for assessment, a reflection on the relevance of drawing as a tool in eliciting students' preconceptions is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a discourse analysis of 12 Swedish sexuality education texts intended for preschool practitioners and published between 1969 and 2021. Using Fairclough's framework, we identify three discourses about children's sexual play in relation to children's sexual agency in the texts: child sexuality as encouraged and entangled with adult sexuality; child sexuality as conditioned by what is perceived as normal or abnormal in children; and child sexuality as repressed. These three discourses mainly appear chronologically, but also overlap and connect with one another. When analysis begins from children's position and a theoretical understanding of children's and adults' agency as interdependent, it becomes possible to see how the child is construed as agentic, and how the adult role changes from encouraging sexual play to regulating and monitoring behaviour so that it does not occur. Over time, discourse on young children's sexual play has changed our understanding of both adults and children. Adults are increasingly construed as less knowledgeable in relation to young children's sexuality, and young children have become understood as more dangerous and in need of having their sexuality constrained and civilised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On February 6, 2023, a catastrophic earthquake struck the Kahramanmaras region in Turkey. Among the most vulnerable demographic groups in the wake of such disasters are children. To provide effective psychosocial support to these young individuals, it is crucial to gain a comprehensive understanding of their specific needs resulting from the earthquake experience. This study aimed to determine the disaster experiences and psychosocial support needs of children between the ages of 7 and 12 who were affected by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Turkey with drawings. This research used a descriptive qualitative design, employing purposive and snowball sampling approaches to select 32 children aged 7–12 for the study. Thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data, revealing six distinct themes as expressed through the drawings of school-aged children. The reporting in this study followed the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ). These six themes are associating precipitation with earthquakes, security and relocation, emotional chaos, expressing the earthquake symbolically, death and physical damage and longing for normalcy. This study highlights the importance of acknowledging and attending to children's requirements through psychosocial interventions tailored to their age. It underscores the complex nature of the psychosocial needs of children impacted by earthquakes and promotes collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals and nurses to provide more effective support to these children during challenging circumstances. • Children's disaster experiences and psychosocial needs through drawings were explored. • Psychological reactions of children to the earthquake were revealed with drawings. • Drawing is effective method for children to express their experiences and emotions. • Multidisciplinary approach should be adopted to increase resilience in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore children's perspective of hope in living with leukemia through the utilization of drawing-based interview technique. This qualitative study was conducted at the Children's Medical Center in Tehran with the participation of children aged 6 to 12 diagnosed with leukemia. The children were asked to prepare a drawing about hope then interviews were conducted face-to-face with each child after completing the drawing. Data analysis was conducted using the qualitative content analysis. In the collection of a total of 20 drawings from school-age children with leukemia, each drawings has different metaphors symbolizing hope. Five themes emerged including positive thinking, embracing the sanctuary of maternal affection and collective caring, the ethereal glow of joy, the melody of resilient soul, and navigating the way back to home. Hope from the child's perspective can be achieved in simple, possible and accessible ways, making it easier for the family, community and healthcare system to inspire hope in their lives with Leukemia. Health providers in pediatric oncology can integrate hope-based care interventions related to the factors influencing children's perspectives. • Hope is an abstract concept that is perceived by school-age children with leukemia as a real component of their disease. • The concept of hope is demonstrated by positive thinking, happiness, care and compassion, resilience, recovery and return home. • Nurses' interventions can be improved according to dimensions of perceived hope among school-aged children with leukemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I revisit and re-analyse the visual journals that two graduate preservice art teachers and I created during my arts-based dissertation study. Through this re-search study, I sought to better understand the connections between how I used my visual journal to enhance my arts-based research process and how my preservice art teachers used their visual journals to enhance their development as future art teachers. Re-analysis of these visual journals revealed a set of three common, productive visual journaling strategies: (1) noticing and documenting, (2) mapping and (3) discovering a personally relevant practice. Collectively, these strategies demonstrate how visual journaling can support dialogue, creative inquiry and knowledge generation in art education research and art teacher preparation courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The current study compared Self-Figure drawings from Thai and Indian adolescents to assess the cross-cultural applicability of a child abuse assessment tool. The research aims to understand the extent to which distinctions or similarities arise in Self-Figure drawings among adolescents from two culturally similar yet distinct backgrounds characterized by differences in religious affiliations, socioeconomic contexts, and political environments. Methods: Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study utilized quantitative measures, including the Traumatic Events Checklist (TEQ-5) and Medical Somatic Dissociation Questionnaire (MSDQ), alongside a qualitative analysis of Self-Figure drawings. Ethical approval was obtained with waived informed consent, and a convenience sample of 386 adolescents aged 13–18 years (193 from Thailand [M = 14.8, SD = 1.73; 135 females (69.9%) and 58 males (30.1%)], and 193 from India [M = 15.2, SD = 1.64; 135 females (69.9%) and 58 males (30.1%)]), who reported experiencing child abuse, participated in the study by completing questionnaires and drawing themselves. Results: The analysis revealed that Thai adolescents had higher MSDQ scores, while Indian adolescents exhibited more prominent pictorial indicators. Indian participants reported experiencing a broader range of event types, whereas Thai adolescents predominantly depicted verbal or emotional abuse. Variations in pictorial indicators were found significant, except for hair, cheek or chin, omitted legs or feet, and omitted eyes. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the understanding of how cultural factors influence adolescents' self-representations through drawing. The differences in pictorial indicators highlight the nuanced variations within similar cultures, emphasizing the cultural specificity of self-expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim To examine the effect of listening to music and drawing on coping with dysmenorrhea complaints of nursing students. Methods The study was a double-blind, three parallel-group randomized controlled trial conducted between August 2023 and May 2024 at Bartın University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing. Ninety-six dysmenorrheic nursing students with regular menstrual cycles were included in the study and randomly assigned to three groups as drawing, music and control groups. Visual Analog Scale (100mmVAS of pain), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Menstrual Symptoms Scale (MSS) were applied to the students at baseline, 1st and 2nd months. The interventions were as follows: the music group listened to a 29-minute and 32-second song three days before menstruation and on the first day of menstruation in the third month composed by Juan Sebastian Martin-Saavedra, while the drawing group created art for the same duration. The pain scores, perceived stress, and menstrual symptoms were measured in all groups after the interventions. Results Pretest, 1st and 2nd months 100mmVAS of pain score averages were 7.16 ± 1.99, 7.16 ± 1.99 and 7.50 ± 1.98 for the control group, 7.22 ± 1.64, 4.84 ± 1.80 and 2.13 ± 1.45 for the music group and 6.69 ± 1.80, 5.09 ± 1.55 and 2.91 ± 1.33 for the drawing group, respectively. Pretest, 1st and 2nd months PSS score averages were 28.75 ± 3.71, 29.09 ± 3.87 and 30.03 ± 4.16 for the control group, 29.91 ± 3.98, 14.06 ± 4.06 and 3.59 ± 3.82 for the music group and 27.38 ± 3.63, 18.13 ± 5.60 and 8.34 ± 5.46 for the drawing group, respectively. Pretest, 1st and 2nd months MSS score averages were 79.25 ± 15.41, 88.00 ± 20.08 and 90.66 ± 19.13 for the control group, 85.41 ± 10.77, 62.41 ± 15.23 and 34.00 ± 12.62 for the music group and 80.69 ± 11.07, 65.53 ± 15.37 and 47.31 ± 15.11 for the drawing group, respectively. Mean menstrual pain intensity, mean perceived stress level, and mean menstrual symptoms level in the art and music group decreased significantly at 1st and 2nd months post-intervention (p

The main aim of the paper is to give the crossing number of the join product G* + Dn for the graph G* isomorphic to 4-regular graph on six vertices except for two distinct edges with no common vertex such that two remaining vertices are still adjacent, and where Dn consists of n isolated vertices. The proofs are done with the help of well-known exact values for crossing numbers of join products of four subgraphs Hk of G* with discrete graphs. Further, we give a conjecture concerning crossing numbers of the join products of Dn with Wm\e for both types edges e of wheels Wm of m + 1 vertices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research suggests that both applicants and organizations may withdraw from the recruitment and selection process without notice. This behaviour, referred to as 'ghosting', is prevalent yet empirical research on this topic is unfortunately scarce. To gain greater clarity, the current study examines the antecedents of applicant ghosting behaviour, which we place within the nomological network of maladaptive workplace behaviour. Drawing on an interactionist framework, we examine the role of aberrant dispositional characteristics – the Dark Triad, self‐control and fear of missing out (FoMO) – in predicting applicant ghosting behaviour. We also draw on trait activation and conservation of resources theories to examine how the experience of being ghosted before moderates these relationships between aberrant dispositional characteristics and ghosting behaviour. Results from a two‐wave design suggest that psychopathy and FoMO positively predicted ghosting behaviour and being ghosted before moderated relationships between both (a) self‐control and ghosting behaviour and (b) FoMO and ghosting behaviour. Qualitative data suggest that perceived fit and interest, communication and ghosting norms, company culture and behaviour, and compensation and benefits were the primary reasons why applicants engage in ghosting behaviour. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results and offer future research directions in this nascent field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the admiration and respect for Fernando Távora, focusing on his influence as an architect and philosopher. It emphasizes the importance of understanding Távora’s thoughts and works in the context of his life and passions. The text also highlights Távora’s emphasis on culture, creativity, and the ability to draw conclusions based on individual circumstances. Overall, it praises Távora’s approach to architecture and philosophy as one that values learning, reflection, and purpose.

This text was taken from a notebook by Francisco Barata dated July 2012. According to Mariana Sá, who is carrying out doctoral research on the work of the architect who died prematurely in 2018, these are notes for a lecture that were part of the material that Barata was accumulating and elaborating in view of the Prova de Agregação at Faup, an academic task that was actually carried out in February 2016. It is therefore not a finished text, with defined terms and program, but rather a text under construction from which inserts and notes have been omitted, windows open to hypothetical developments, which it might be interesting to analyse elsewhere but which in this publication would make reading and understanding the underlying concepts difficult and not very fluent. Having said this necessary premise, it is important to add that this lecture, despite the freedom of concatenation of thoughts typical of an outline in search of a definitive form, is structured around three clearly identified concepts: on the didactics of architecture, on drawing, on the design process. As a transversal background to the three concepts and the reflection that connects them, there is a central question: what path should Porto’s school take, his school on the model and experience of which he reflects in the text, concluding, in the footsteps of Fernando Távora’s teaching, that the task of every “good professor is to be able to select and transmit what remains of ancient knowledge, to create restlessness, to open debates, new doors, new paths”.

Abstract Around 1526, Emperor Charles V decided to build a new Renaissance palace in addition to the Nasrid palaces in the Alhambra of Granada, a monumental site currently included in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Heritage List. In that period, a large floor plan, which is preserved today at the Library of the Royal Palace of Madrid, was drawn to represent the building and its surroundings. Although this anonymous drawing has attracted considerable historiographic interest, a study of the graphical aspects analysed here, namely, paper assemblage, drawing technique, representation system, metrology, graphical scale, dimensioning, and labelling, is lacking. To accomplish this analysis, the original document was carefully examined and digitalised with high definition. This process allowed a comprehensive graphic analysis, utilising other drawings from the same period as a comparative reference and studying for the first time the major characteristics of one of the most relevant architectural drawings of the 16th century.

In recent years, severe plastic deformation has been one of the most popular methods of increasing the mechanical properties of bars. Obtaining an ultra or nanostructure in such bars provides high strength properties, but also reduces plasticity. This paper shows that gradient structure formation in carbon steel bars gives a simultaneous increase in strength properties and some decrease in plastic properties. A new combined technology is proposed for obtaining gradient microstructure. This technology consists of drawing medium carbon steel bars on a radial-shear broaching mill and subsequent drawing. Bars with 30 mm diameter were strained at room temperature to a diameter of 16 mm in 3 passes. As a result, during three straining cycles, the average value of microhardness in the central zone was 2085 MPa, in the neutral zone was 2505 MPa, and in the surface zone was 2915 MPa. This variation of microhardness confirms gradient microstructure availability. Also there was an increase in strength characteristics almost 2 times, plastic characteristics undergo reduction due to gradient microstructure obtained during straining, but remain at a fairly good level for steel AISI 1045. The validity of the results is confirmed by a large number of experiments using a set of standard and modern research methods, such as optical, scanning and transmission microscopy, EBSD analysis, microhardness changes, fractographic method and tensile tests of mechanical properties, as well as by the results reproduction in the joint use of methods.

Background & Aim: Electrocardiography (ECG) is the most widely utilized diagnostic tool in medicine. However, nursing students often have problems with interpreting ECGs, highlighting the need for revised training methods. This study aimed to assess the effect of ECG drawing assignments on nursing students' learning and their perspectives on this teaching method in the context of a critical care nursing course. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study involved 52 fifth-semester BSc nursing students enrolled in the fall and spring terms at Qom University of Medical Sciences. For the fall group, traditional lectures and Q&A sessions were conducted during the first half of the semester, followed by an assignment requiring students to draw common ECGs in the second half. In contrast, for the spring group, students drew ECGs during the first half of the semester. Learning outcomes were assessed through a written test, while students’ perspectives on the drawing assignments were evaluated using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22, employing Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests to compare groups. Results: The mean score from the perspective questionnaire regarding ECG drawing was 14.86±3.34 (maximum score of 18). In most cases, students had positive or relatively positive views towards this teaching method. A significant difference was observed between the course exam scores of students when they engaged in drawing ECGs compared to when they did not (P