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1. Explor-A-Thora: A Novel Three-Dimensionally Printed Pleural Simulator.

Author

Krumm, Ilana, Drapeau, Scott, Kim, Bryan, Gesthalter, Yaron, and Santhosh, Lekshmi

Subjects
education, pleural disease, simulation
Abstract

BACKGROUND: For procedural education, the shift from the traditional apprenticeship model to simulation-based mastery has become increasingly accepted as the gold standard and has underscored the importance of high-fidelity, cost-effective training options. However, cost-effective pleural procedure simulators providing both realistic haptic feedback and ultrasound compatibility are lacking. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to create a pleural procedure simulator with characteristics of human tissue, at low cost and with ultrasound compatibility. METHODS: This work used design-based research principles and a collaborative rapid iteration approach in collaboration with the University of California, San Francisco, Makers Lab and design-based researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, which led to the creation of a three-dimensionally printed pleural procedure simulator. RESULTS: The needs assessment indicated significant discomfort with pleural procedures and a request for more accessible simulation opportunities. Iterative prototyping resulted in a three-dimensionally printed rib cage and a series of innovations in the fluid pocket and skin layers to provide realistic tactile feedback and ultrasound imaging compatibility. The final model costs significantly less than commercial simulators, with durable components and replaceable parts that can be reused multiple times. CONCLUSION: The development of a low-cost, high-fidelity pleural procedure simulator addresses the current limitations of commercially available pleural simulators. By integrating three-dimensional printing technology and easily accessible materials, we were able to produce a simulator that closely replicates the feel of human tissue, allows ultrasound use, and is adaptable for different patient anatomies and clinical scenarios. This novel simulator is a scalable solution to elevate the standard of procedural education and ultimately positively affect patient care.

Published
2024

2. Protocol for producing hyperpolarized 13C-bicarbonate for clinical MRI of extracellular pH in aggressive tumors

Author

Mu, Changhua, Liu, Xiaoxi, Riselli, Andrew, Slater, James, Escobar, Evelyn, Dang, Duy, Drapeau, Scott, Santos, Romelyn Delos, Andosca, Stacy, Nguyen, Hao, Larson, Peder EZ, Bok, Robert, Vigneron, Daniel B, Kurhanewicz, John, Wilson, David M, and Flavell, Robert R

Subjects
Physical Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Biomedical Imaging, Cancer, Biotechnology and bioengineering, Chemistry, Clinical Protocol, Health Sciences, Metabolism, Molecular/Chemical Probes
Abstract

Tumor acidosis is one of the hallmarks indicating the initiation and progression of various cancers. Here, we present a protocol for preparing a hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-bicarbonate tissue pH MRI imaging contrast agent to detect aggressive tumors. We describe the steps for the formulation and polarization of a precursor molecule 13C-glycerol carbonate (13C-GLC), the post-dissolution reaction, and converting HP 13C-GLC to an injectable HP 13C-bicarbonate solution. We then detail procedures for MRI data acquisition to generate tumor pH maps for assessing tumor aggressiveness. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mu et al.1.

Published
2024

3. Changes in Anxiety Symptoms and Their Correlates in Adolescents Participating in a School-Based Anxiety Prevention Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Audrey Dupuis, Danyka Therriault, Julie Lane, Jonathan Smith, Patrick Gosselin, Martin Drapeau, Eliane Saint-Pierre Mousset, Pascale Morin, Isabelle Thibault, Magali Dufour, Chantal Viscogliosi, and Félix Berrigan

Abstract

Anxiety disorders have been on the rise among adolescents over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have contributed to this increase, putting further pressure on often already overburdened health systems. Universal prevention programs may offer a potential solution, but few have been evaluated in the context of a pandemic. The objective of this article is to measure the impact of a universal prevention program--the HORS-PISTE program--on several anxiety-related variables in the context of a pandemic. The HORS-PISTE program consists of 10 workshops spread over the two first years of high school, secondary 1 and 2 (grade 7 and 8 equivalent). Workshops are held in a classroom setting and focus on the development of psychosocial skills. The study was conducted in Quebec with 1,202 secondary 1 and 2 students (48.7% girls, 51.3% boys) with an average age of 12.58 years ("SD" = 0.75). They completed an assessment protocol before and after participating in the HORS-PISTE program in the autumn of 2020. Their answers were subjected to descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Results indicate a significant decrease in symptoms for several of the measured variables between the two measurement times, such as those associated with panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and test anxiety. The results also show a decrease in some variables related to the interference of anxiety symptoms and the cognitive and behavioral vulnerabilities targeted by the program. The discussion highlights possible explanations for the results, as well as how universal prevention programs may contribute to the prevention of anxiety during adolescence, especially in a pandemic context.

Published
2024
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4. Resolving a Clearing Member's Default, A Radner Equilibrium Approach

Author

Bastide, Dorinel, Crépey, Stéphane, Drapeau, Samuel, and Tadese, Mekonnen

Subjects
Quantitative Finance - Risk Management
Abstract

For vanilla derivatives that constitute the bulk of investment banks' hedging portfolios, central clearing through central counterparties (CCPs) has become hegemonic. A key mandate of a CCP is to provide an efficient and proper clearing member default resolution procedure. When a clearing member defaults, the CCP can hedge and auction or liquidate its positions. The counterparty credit risk cost of auctioning has been analyzed in terms of XVA metrics in Bastide, Cr{\'e}pey, Drapeau, and Tadese (2023). In this work we assess the costs of hedging or liquidating. This is done by comparing pre- and post-default market equilibria, using a Radner equilibrium approach for portfolio allocation and price discovery in each case. We show that the Radner equilibria uniquely exist and we provide both analytical and numerical solutions for the latter in elliptically distributed markets. Using such tools, a CCP could decide rationally on which market to hedge and auction or liquidate defaulted portfolios.

Published
2023

6. A digital iCBT intervention for social anxiety disorder in Quebec and Ontario: protocol for a multi-phase effectiveness-implementation study

Author

Vasiliadis, Helen-Maria, Roberge, Pasquale, Spagnolo, Jessica, Lamoureux-Lamarche, Catherine, Chapdelaine, Alexandra, Brodeur, Magaly, Grenier, Jean, Mahoney, Alison, Koszycki, Diana, Chomienne, Marie-Hélène, Drapeau, Martin, Labelle, Réal, Provencher, Martin D., Ishimo, Marie-Claire, Naslund, John A., and Lesage, Alain

Published
2024
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10. A digital iCBT intervention for social anxiety disorder in Quebec and Ontario: protocol for a multi-phase effectiveness-implementation study

Author

Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Pasquale Roberge, Jessica Spagnolo, Catherine Lamoureux-Lamarche, Alexandra Chapdelaine, Magaly Brodeur, Jean Grenier, Alison Mahoney, Diana Koszycki, Marie-Hélène Chomienne, Martin Drapeau, Réal Labelle, Martin D. Provencher, Marie-Claire Ishimo, John A. Naslund, and Alain Lesage

Subjects
Anxiety, Social anxiety, Internet cognitive behavioral therapy, Community-based primary healthcare, Quasi-experimental design, Canada, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract Background Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders in Canada. Viable therapy options for the treatment of SAD include CBT being delivered virtually. In Australia, an innovative internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) program for social anxiety has been developed, implemented, and demonstrated as effective. To make available high-quality and real-time evidence in response to the crucial need to access psychological services to meet population mental health needs, we propose to conduct a Canadian adaptation of the iCBT Shyness Program and to examine the program’s effectiveness, and implementation in two Canadian provinces (Quebec and Ontario). Methods The overall study design is a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study of a quasi-experimental parallel group trial. Prior to implementing the iCBT Shyness Program, it will undergo an initial adaptation to the Canadian context and focus groups will be conducted with key actor groups to discuss the adaptations to the graphics, narration of the lessons, and this to better reflect varying socio-cultural context among Canadian French- and English-speaking populations. We will evaluate the effectiveness of the program in three parallel pathways reflecting real-world pathways: (1) self-refer to the intervention; (2) recommended by a health professional without guidance; and (3) recommended by a health professional, with low-intensity guidance. Data collection will be carried out at baseline, at the beginning of each lesson, 12-week and 6-month follow-up. Outcomes measured will include anxiety and depressive symptoms, psychological distress, disability, as well as health service utilization and satisfaction. Semi-structured interviews will then be conducted with study participants and health care providers to explore facilitating factors and barriers to the implementation of the iCBT adapted program. Discussion This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness, barriers and facilitating factors to implementing a low-intensity iCBT in the Canadian context for SAD, which will bridge an important care gap for undeserved populations in Canada with SAD. Findings will inform the eventual scaling up of the program in community-based primary care across Canada. This would improve equity of the health care system by helping a large number of Canadians to timely access to mental health services. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT06403995. Prospectively registered on 05/03/2024.

Published
2024
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14. Meteorological gaps in audits of pedestrian environments: a scoping review

Author

H. F Drapeau, P. Singh, F. Benyaminov, K. Wright, J. C. Spence, S. Nuzhat, A. Walsh, K. Islam, Z. Azarm, and K. K. Lee

Subjects
Climate change, Weather, Season, Winter, Built environment, Physical activity, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Weather and season are determinants of physical activity. Therefore, it is important to ensure built environments are designed to mitigate negative impacts of weather and season on pedestrians to prevent these losses. This scoping review aims to identify built environment audits of pedestrian environments developed for use during a specific weather condition or season. Secondly, this review aims to investigate gaps in the inclusion of relevant weather mitigating built environment features in pedestrian environment audit tools. Methods Following a standard protocol, a systematic search was executed in CINAHL, Medline and Web of Science to identify built environment audit tools of pedestrian spaces. These databases were chosen since they are well-known to comprehensively cover health as well as multi-disciplinary research publications relevant to health. Studies were screened, and data were extracted from selected documents by two independent reviewers (e.g., psychometric properties and audit items included). Audit items were screened for the inclusion of weather mitigating built environment features, and the tool’s capacity to measure temperature, precipitation, seasonal and sustainability impacts on pedestrians was calculated. Results The search returned 2823 documents. After screening and full text review, 27 articles were included. No tool was found that was developed specifically for use during a specific weather condition or season. Additionally, gaps in the inclusion of weather mitigating items were found for all review dimensions (thermal comfort, precipitation, seasonal, and sustainability items). Poorly covered items were: (1) thermal comfort related (arctic entry presence, materials, textures, and colours of buildings, roads, sidewalk and furniture, and green design features); (2) precipitation related (drain presence, ditch presence, hazards, and snow removal features); (3) seasonal features (amenities, pedestrian scale lighting, and winter destinations and aesthetics); and (4) sustainability features (electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy, car share, and bike share facilities). Conclusions Current built environment audit tools do not adequately include weather / season mitigating items. This is a limitation as it is important to investigate if the inclusion of these items in pedestrian spaces can promote physical activity during adverse weather conditions. Because climate change is causing increased extreme weather events, a need exists for the development of a new built environment audit tool that includes relevant weather mitigating features.

Published
2024
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15. The interplay between mobilome and resistome in Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Rachel Contarin, Antoine Drapeau, Pauline François, Jean-Yves Madec, Marisa Haenni, and Emilie Dordet-Frisoni

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, mobile genetic elements, resistome, horizontal gene transfer, antimicrobial resistance, plasmids, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Staphylococcus aureus can disseminate vertically through successful clones, but also horizontally through the transfer of genes conveyed by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Even though underexplored, MGE/ARG associations in S. aureus favor the emergence of multidrug-resistant clones, which are challenging therapeutic success in both human and animal health. This study investigated the interplay between the mobilome and the resistome of more than 10,000 S. aureus genomes from human and animal origin. The analysis revealed a remarkable diversity of MGEs and ARGs, with plasmids and transposons being the main carriers of ARGs. Numerous MGE/ARG associations were identified, suggesting that MGEs play a critical role in the dissemination of resistance. A high degree of similarity was observed in MGE/ARG associations between human and animal isolates, highlighting the potential for unrestricted spread of ARGs between hosts. Our results showed that in parallel to clonal expansion, MGEs and their associated ARGs can spread across different strain types sequence types (STs), favoring the evolution of these clones and their adaptation in selective environments. The high variability of MGE/ARG associations within individual STs and their spread across several STs highlight the crucial role of MGEs in shaping the S. aureus resistome. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between MGEs and ARGs in S. aureus, emphasizing the need to elucidate the mechanisms governing the epidemic success of MGEs, particularly those implicated in ARG transfer.IMPORTANCEThe research presented in this article highlights the importance of understanding the interactions between mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) carried by Staphylococcus aureus, a versatile bacterium that can be both a harmless commensal and a dangerous pathogen for humans and animals. S. aureus has a great capacity to acquire and disseminate ARGs, enabling efficient adaption to various environmental or clinical conditions. By analyzing a large data set of S. aureus genomes, we highlighted the substantial role of MGEs, particularly plasmids and transposons, in disseminating ARGs within and between S. aureus populations, bypassing host barriers. Given that multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains are classified as a high-priority pathogen by global health organizations, this knowledge is crucial for understanding the complex dynamics of transmission of antibiotic resistance in this species.

Published
2024
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16. NFKB2 haploinsufficiency identified via screening for IFN-α2 autoantibodies in children and adolescents hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2–related complications

Author

Bodansky, Aaron, Vazquez, Sara E, Chou, Janet, Novak, Tanya, Al-Musa, Amer, Young, Cameron, Newhams, Margaret, Kucukak, Suden, Zambrano, Laura D, Mitchell, Anthea, Wang, Chung-Yu, Moffitt, Kristin, Halasa, Natasha B, Loftis, Laura L, Schwartz, Stephanie P, Walker, Tracie C, Mack, Elizabeth H, Fitzgerald, Julie C, Gertz, Shira J, Rowan, Courtney M, Irby, Katherine, Sanders, Ronald C, Kong, Michele, Schuster, Jennifer E, Staat, Mary A, Zinter, Matt S, Cvijanovich, Natalie Z, Tarquinio, Keiko M, Coates, Bria M, Flori, Heidi R, Dahmer, Mary K, Crandall, Hillary, Cullimore, Melissa L, Levy, Emily R, Chatani, Brandon, Nofziger, Ryan, Investigators, Overcoming COVID-19 Network Study Group, Yates, Masson, Smith, Chelsea, Zinter, MattS, McLaughlin, Gwenn, Randolph, Adrienne G, Newhams, Margaret M, Moon, Hye Kyung, Kobayashi, Takuma, Melo, Jeni, Chen, Sabrina R, Behl, Supriya, Drapeau, Noelle M, McCulloh, Russell J, Nofziger, Ryan A, Staat, Mary Allen, Rohlfs, Chelsea C, Reed, Nelson, Geha, Raif S, DeRisi, Joseph, Campbell, Angela P, and Anderson, Mark

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Vaccine Related, Infectious Diseases, Rare Diseases, Pneumonia, Clinical Research, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Biodefense, Pediatric, Genetics, Autoimmune Disease, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Inflammatory and immune system, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Humans, Child, Adolescent, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Autoantibodies, NF-kappa B, Haploinsufficiency, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Interferon Type I, NF-kappa B p52 Subunit, Anti-interferon autoantibody, MIS-C, NFKB2, inborn errors of immunity, Overcoming COVID-19 Network Study Group Investigators, Immunology, Allergy
Abstract

BackgroundAutoantibodies against type I IFNs occur in approximately 10% of adults with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The frequency of anti-IFN autoantibodies in children with severe sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is unknown.ObjectiveWe quantified anti-type I IFN autoantibodies in a multicenter cohort of children with severe COVID-19, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections.MethodsCirculating anti-IFN-α2 antibodies were measured by a radioligand binding assay. Whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and functional studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used to study any patients with levels of anti-IFN-α2 autoantibodies exceeding the assay's positive control.ResultsAmong 168 patients with severe COVID-19, 199 with MIS-C, and 45 with mild SARS-CoV-2 infections, only 1 had high levels of anti-IFN-α2 antibodies. Anti-IFN-α2 autoantibodies were not detected in patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin before sample collection. Whole-exome sequencing identified a missense variant in the ankyrin domain of NFKB2, encoding the p100 subunit of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells, aka NF-κB, essential for noncanonical NF-κB signaling. The patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited impaired cleavage of p100 characteristic of NFKB2 haploinsufficiency, an inborn error of immunity with a high prevalence of autoimmunity.ConclusionsHigh levels of anti-IFN-α2 autoantibodies in children and adolescents with MIS-C, severe COVID-19, and mild SARS-CoV-2 infections are rare but can occur in patients with inborn errors of immunity.

Published
2023

19. Evaluation of mRNA-LNP and adjuvanted protein SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in a maternal antibody mouse model

Author

Ross N. England, Elizabeth M. Drapeau, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Reihaneh Hosseinzadeh, Drew Weissman, and Scott E. Hensley

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Maternal antibodies (matAbs) protect against a myriad of pathogens early in life; however, these antibodies can also inhibit de novo immune responses against some vaccine platforms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) matAbs are efficiently transferred during pregnancy and protect infants against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infections. It is unknown if matAbs inhibit immune responses elicited by different types of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, we established a mouse model to determine if SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific matAbs inhibit immune responses elicited by recombinant protein and nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccines. We found that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-LNP vaccines elicited robust de novo antibody responses in mouse pups in the presence of matAbs. Recombinant protein vaccines were also able to circumvent the inhibitory effects of matAbs when adjuvants were co-administered. While additional studies need to be completed in humans, our studies raise the possibility that mRNA-LNP-based and adjuvanted protein-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have the potential to be effective when delivered very early in life.

Published
2024
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20. Assessing the relative validity of a web-based self-administered 24-hour dietary recall in a Canadian adolescent’s population

Author

Vicky Drapeau, Catherine Laramée, Jacynthe Lafreniere, Christiane Trottier, Charlotte Brochu, Julie Robitaille, Benoît Lamarche, and Simone Lemieux

Subjects
Relative validity, Adolescent, Energy intake, Nutrient intakes, 24-hour dietary recall, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Abstract Background Healthy eating habits at a young age are crucial to support growth and development and good general health. In this context, monitoring youth dietary intakes adequately with valid tools is important to develop efficient interventions and identify groups that are more at risk of inadequate intakes. This study aimed to assess the relative validity of the self-administered web-based 24-h dietary recall (R24W) for evaluating energy and nutrient intakes among active adolescents. Methods Participants were invited to complete one interviewer-administered 24-h dietary dietary recall and the R24W on up to three occasions within one month. A total of 272 French-speaking active adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the province of Québec were invited to complete three R24W and one interview-administered 24-h recall. Student’s t-test and correlations were conducted on sex-adjusted data. Percent differences, cross-classification (percentage of agreement), weighted Kappa and Bland-Altman plots were calculated. Results Mean (SD) energy intake from the R24W was 8.8% higher than from the interview-administered 24-h dietary recall (2558 kcal ± 1128 vs. 2444 kcal ± 998, p

Published
2024
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21. The risk of contact between visitors and Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks is associated with fine-scale landscape features in a southeastern Canadian nature park

Author

Ariane Dumas, Catherine Bouchard, Pierre Drapeau, L. Robbin Lindsay, Nicholas H. Ogden, and Patrick A. Leighton

Subjects
Local scale, Risk assessment, Tick-borne disease, Public natural areas, Trail network, Spatial analysis, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Infectious diseases are emerging across temperate regions of the world, and, for some, links have been made between landscapes and emergence dynamics. For tick-borne diseases, public parks may be important exposure sites for people living in urbanized areas of North America and Europe. In most cases, we know more about the ecological processes that determine the hazard posed by ticks as disease vectors than we do about how human population exposure varies in urban natural parks. Methods In this study, infrared counters were used to monitor visitor use of a public natural park in southern Quebec, Canada. A risk index representing the probability of encounters between humans and infected vectors was constructed. This was done by combining the intensity of visitor trail use and the density of infected nymphs obtained from field surveillance. Patterns of risk were examined using spatial cluster analysis. Digital forest data and park infrastructure data were then integrated using spatially explicit models to test whether encounter risk levels and its components vary with forest fragmentation indicators and proximity to park infrastructure. Results Results suggest that, even at a very fine scales, certain landscape features and infrastructure can be predictors of risk levels. Both visitors and Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks concentrated in areas where forest cover was dominant, so there was a positive association between forest cover and the risk index. However, there were no associations between indicators of forest fragmentation and risk levels. Some high-risk clusters contributed disproportionately to the risk distribution in the park relative to their size. There were also two high-risk periods, one in early summer coinciding with peak nymphal activity, and one in early fall when park visitation was highest. Conclusions Here, we demonstrate the importance of integrating indicators of human behaviour visitation with tick distribution data to characterize risk patterns for tick-borne diseases in public natural areas. Indeed, understanding the environmental determinants of human-tick interactions will allow organisations to deploy more effective risk reduction interventions targeted at key locations and times, and improve the management of public health risks associated with tick-borne diseases in public spaces.

Published
2024
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22. Extremal of Log-Sobolev Functionals and Li-Yau Estimate on $\text{RCD}^*(K,N)$ Spaces

Author

Drapeau, Samuel and Yin, Liming

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 53C23, 35K05
Abstract

In this work, we study the extremal functions of the log-Sobolev functional on compact metric measure spaces satisfying the $\mathrm{RCD}^*(K,N)$ condition for $K$ in $\mathbb{R}$ and $N$ in $(2,\infty)$. We show the existence, regularity and positivity of non-negative extremal functions. Based on these results, we prove a Li-Yau type estimate for the logarithmic transform of any non-negative extremal functions of the log-Sobolev functional. As applications, we show a Harnack type inequality as well as lower and upper bounds for the non-negative extremal functions.

Published
2022

23. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author

Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B, Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier GP, Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo, Bastin, Jean‐François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro, Broadbent, Eben, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Češljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Corral‐Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, Gasper, André L, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjević, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Hérault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer‐Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S, Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R, Mukul, Sharif A, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Nava‐Miranda, María Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I, Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo L, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L, Piedade, Maria Teresa F, Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas‐Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Souza, Alexandre F, Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M, Steege, Hans, Tikhonova, Elena V, Usoltsev, Vladimir A, Valladares, Fernando, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C, Wang, Hua‐Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K, Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, and Zhou, Mo

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, biogeography, climate, environmental gradients, functional traits, seed mass, species abundance, specific leaf area, trees, wood density
Abstract

Abstract: Aim: To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location: Global. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community‐weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results: Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within‐biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions: Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within‐biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, the distribution of tree functional traits appears to be driven more by species presence than species abundance.

Published
2023

24. Combination of in silico and molecular techniques for discrimination and virulence characterization of marine Brucella ceti and Brucella pinnipedialis

Author

Guillaume Girault, Luca Freddi, Maryne Jay, Ludivine Perrot, Alexandre Dremeau, Antoine Drapeau, Sabine Delannoy, Patrick Fach, Acacia Ferreira Vicente, Virginie Mick, Claire Ponsart, and Vitomir Djokic

Subjects
Brucella, molecular biology, marine mammals, wildlife, molecular typing, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

IntroductionMammals are the main hosts for Brucella sp., agents of worldwide zoonosis. Marine cetaceans and pinnipeds can be infected by Brucella ceti and B. pinnipedialis, respectively. Besides classical bacteriological typing, molecular approaches such as MLVA, MLSA, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can differentiate these species but are cumbersome to perform.MethodsWe compared the DNA and genome sequences of 12 strains isolated from nine marine mammals, with highly zoonotic B. melitensis, B. abortus, and B. suis, and the publicly available genomes of B. ceti and B. pinnipedialis. In silico pipelines were used to detect the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), plasmid, and virulence genes (VGs) by screening six open-source and one home-made library.Results and discussionOur results show that easier-to-use HRM-PCR, Bruce-ladder, and Suis-ladder can separate marine Brucella sp., and the results are fully concordant with other molecular methods, such as WGS. However, the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method cannot discriminate between B. pinnipedialis and B. ceti B1-94-like isolates. MLVA-16 results divided the investigated strains into three clades according to their preferred host, which was confirmed in WGS. In silico analysis did not find any AMR and plasmid genes, suggesting antimicrobial susceptibility of marine Brucella, while the presence of the VGs btpA gene was variable dependent on the clade.ConclusionThe HRM-PCR and Suis-ladder are quick, easy, and cost-effective methods to identify marine Brucella sp. Moreover, in silico genome analyses can give useful insights into the genetic virulence and pathogenicity potential of marine Brucella strains.

Published
2024
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25. Search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in e±e± and e±μ± final states via WW scattering in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author

G. Aad, E. Aakvaag, B. Abbott, S. Abdelhameed, K. Abeling, N.J. Abicht, S.H. Abidi, M. Aboelela, A. Aboulhorma, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, B.S. Acharya, A. Ackermann, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, S.V. Addepalli, M.J. Addison, J. Adelman, A. Adiguzel, T. Adye, A.A. Affolder, Y. Afik, M.N. Agaras, J. Agarwala, A. Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, A. Ahmad, F. Ahmadov, W.S. Ahmed, S. Ahuja, X. Ai, G. Aielli, A. Aikot, M. Ait Tamlihat, B. Aitbenchikh, M. Akbiyik, T.P.A. Åkesson, A.V. Akimov, D. Akiyama, N.N. Akolkar, S. Aktas, K. Al Khoury, G.L. Alberghi, J. Albert, P. Albicocco, G.L. Albouy, S. Alderweireldt, Z.L. Alegria, M. Aleksa, I.N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, T. Alexopoulos, F. Alfonsi, M. Algren, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, H.M.J. Ali, S. Ali, S.W. Alibocus, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, W. Alkakhi, C. Allaire, B.M.M. Allbrooke, J.F. Allen, C.A. Allendes Flores, P.P. Allport, A. Aloisio, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, Z.M.K. Alsolami, M. Alvarez Estevez, A. Alvarez Fernandez, M. Alves Cardoso, M.G. Alviggi, M. Aly, Y. Amaral Coutinho, A. Ambler, C. Amelung, M. Amerl, C.G. Ames, D. Amidei, K.J. Amirie, S.P. Amor Dos Santos, K.R. Amos, S. An, V. Ananiev, C. Anastopoulos, T. Andeen, J.K. Anders, A.C. Anderson, S.Y. Andrean, A. Andreazza, S. Angelidakis, A. Angerami, A.V. Anisenkov, A. Annovi, C. Antel, E. Antipov, M. Antonelli, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, T. Aoki, M.A. Aparo, L. Aperio Bella, C. Appelt, A. Apyan, S.J. Arbiol Val, C. Arcangeletti, A.T.H. Arce, E. Arena, J-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, J.-H. Arling, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, G. Artoni, H. Asada, K. Asai, S. Asai, N.A. Asbah, R.A. Ashby Pickering, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, K.S.V. Astrand, S. Atashi, R.J. Atkin, M. Atkinson, H. Atmani, P.A. Atmasiddha, K. Augsten, S. Auricchio, A.D. Auriol, V.A. Austrup, G. Avolio, K. Axiotis, G. Azuelos, D. Babal, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, A. Bachiu, F. Backman, A. Badea, T.M. Baer, P. Bagnaia, M. Bahmani, D. Bahner, K. Bai, J.T. Baines, L. Baines, O.K. Baker, E. Bakos, D. Bakshi Gupta, L.E. Balabram Filho, V. Balakrishnan, R. Balasubramanian, E.M. Baldin, P. Balek, E. Ballabene, F. Balli, L.M. Baltes, W.K. Balunas, J. Balz, I. Bamwidhi, E. Banas, M. Bandieramonte, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bansal, L. Barak, M. Barakat, E.L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, M.Z. Barel, K.N. Barends, T. Barillari, M-S. Barisits, T. Barklow, P. Baron, D.A. Baron Moreno, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A.J. Barr, J.D. Barr, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, U. Barron, M.G. Barros Teixeira, S. Barsov, F. Bartels, R. Bartoldus, A.E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basan, M. Baselga, A. Bassalat, M.J. Basso, S. Bataju, R. Bate, R.L. Bates, S. Batlamous, B. Batool, M. Battaglia, D. Battulga, M. Bauce, M. Bauer, P. Bauer, L.T. Bazzano Hurrell, J.B. Beacham, T. Beau, J.Y. Beaucamp, P.H. Beauchemin, P. Bechtle, H.P. Beck, K. Becker, A.J. Beddall, V.A. Bednyakov, C.P. Bee, L.J. Beemster, T.A. Beermann, M. Begalli, M. Begel, A. Behera, J.K. Behr, J.F. Beirer, F. Beisiegel, M. Belfkir, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, P. Bellos, K. Beloborodov, D. Benchekroun, F. Bendebba, Y. Benhammou, K.C. Benkendorfer, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, B. Bergmann, J. Beringer, G. Bernardi, C. Bernius, F.U. Bernlochner, F. Bernon, A. Berrocal Guardia, T. Berry, P. Berta, A. Berthold, S. Bethke, A. Betti, A.J. Bevan, N.K. Bhalla, S. Bhatta, D.S. Bhattacharya, P. Bhattarai, K.D. Bhide, V.S. Bhopatkar, R.M. Bianchi, G. Bianco, O. Biebel, R. Bielski, M. Biglietti, C.S. Billingsley, M. Bindi, A. Bingul, C. Bini, A. Biondini, G.A. Bird, M. Birman, M. Biros, S. Biryukov, T. Bisanz, E. Bisceglie, J.P. Biswal, D. Biswas, I. Bloch, A. Blue, U. Blumenschein, J. Blumenthal, V.S. Bobrovnikov, M. Boehler, B. Boehm, D. Bogavac, A.G. Bogdanchikov, C. Bohm, V. Boisvert, P. Bokan, T. Bold, M. Bomben, M. Bona, M. Boonekamp, C.D. Booth, A.G. Borbély, I.S. Bordulev, H.M. Borecka-Bielska, G. Borissov, D. Bortoletto, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, J.D. Bossio Sola, K. Bouaouda, N. Bouchhar, L. Boudet, J. Boudreau, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker, D. Boumediene, R. Bouquet, A. Boveia, J. Boyd, D. Boye, I.R. Boyko, L. Bozianu, J. Bracinik, N. Brahimi, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, F. Braren, B. Brau, J.E. Brau, R. Brener, L. Brenner, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, G. Brianti, D. Britton, D. Britzger, I. Brock, G. Brooijmans, E.M. Brooks, E. Brost, L.M. Brown, L.E. Bruce, T.L. Bruckler, P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom, B. Brüers, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, M. Bruschi, N. Bruscino, T. Buanes, Q. Buat, D. Buchin, A.G. Buckley, O. Bulekov, B.A. Bullard, S. Burdin, C.D. Burgard, A.M. Burger, B. Burghgrave, O. Burlayenko, J.T.P. Burr, J.C. Burzynski, E.L. Busch, V. Büscher, P.J. Bussey, J.M. Butler, C.M. Buttar, J.M. Butterworth, W. Buttinger, C.J. Buxo Vazquez, A.R. Buzykaev, S. Cabrera Urbán, L. Cadamuro, D. Caforio, H. Cai, Y. Cai, V.M.M. Cairo, O. Cakir, N. Calace, P. Calafiura, G. Calderini, P. Calfayan, G. Callea, L.P. Caloba, D. Calvet, S. Calvet, M. Calvetti, R. Camacho Toro, S. Camarda, D. Camarero Munoz, P. Camarri, M.T. Camerlingo, D. Cameron, C. Camincher, M. Campanelli, A. Camplani, V. Canale, A.C. Canbay, E. Canonero, J. Cantero, Y. Cao, F. Capocasa, M. Capua, A. Carbone, R. Cardarelli, J.C.J. Cardenas, G. Carducci, T. Carli, G. Carlino, J.I. Carlotto, B.T. Carlson, E.M. Carlson, J. Carmignani, L. Carminati, A. Carnelli, M. Carnesale, S. Caron, E. Carquin, S. Carrá, G. Carratta, A.M. Carroll, T.M. Carter, M.P. Casado, M. Caspar, F.L. Castillo, L. Castillo Garcia, V. Castillo Gimenez, N.F. Castro, A. Catinaccio, J.R. Catmore, T. Cavaliere, V. Cavaliere, N. Cavalli, L.J. Caviedes Betancourt, Y.C. Cekmecelioglu, E. Celebi, S. Cella, F. Celli, M.S. Centonze, V. Cepaitis, K. Cerny, A.S. Cerqueira, A. Cerri, L. Cerrito, F. Cerutti, B. Cervato, A. Cervelli, G. Cesarini, S.A. Cetin, D. Chakraborty, J. Chan, W.Y. Chan, J.D. Chapman, E. Chapon, B. Chargeishvili, D.G. Charlton, M. Chatterjee, C. Chauhan, Y. Che, S. Chekanov, S.V. Chekulaev, G.A. Chelkov, A. Chen, B. Chen, H. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, S. Chen, S.J. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Chen, C.L. Cheng, H.C. Cheng, S. Cheong, A. Cheplakov, E. Cheremushkina, E. Cherepanova, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, E. Cheu, K. Cheung, L. Chevalier, V. Chiarella, G. Chiarelli, N. Chiedde, G. Chiodini, A.S. Chisholm, A. Chitan, M. Chitishvili, M.V. Chizhov, K. Choi, Y. Chou, E.Y.S. Chow, K.L. Chu, M.C. Chu, X. Chu, Z. Chubinidze, J. Chudoba, J.J. Chwastowski, D. Cieri, K.M. Ciesla, V. Cindro, A. Ciocio, F. Cirotto, Z.H. Citron, M. Citterio, D.A. Ciubotaru, A. Clark, P.J. Clark, N. Clarke Hall, C. Clarry, J.M. Clavijo Columbie, S.E. Clawson, C. Clement, J. Clercx, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, R.F. Coelho Barrue, R. Coelho Lopes De Sa, S. Coelli, L.S. Colangeli, B. Cole, J. Collot, P. Conde Muiño, M.P. Connell, S.H. Connell, E.I. Conroy, F. Conventi, H.G. Cooke, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar, F.A. Corchia, A. Cordeiro Oudot Choi, L.D. Corpe, M. Corradi, F. Corriveau, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, M.J. Costa, F. Costanza, D. Costanzo, B.M. Cote, J. Couthures, G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, D. Cremonini, S. Crépé-Renaudin, F. Crescioli, M. Cristinziani, M. Cristoforetti, V. Croft, J.E. Crosby, G. Crosetti, A. Cueto, H. Cui, Z. Cui, W.R. Cunningham, F. Curcio, J.R. Curran, P. Czodrowski, M.M. Czurylo, M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, J.V. Da Fonseca Pinto, C. Da Via, W. Dabrowski, T. Dado, S. Dahbi, T. Dai, D. Dal Santo, C. Dallapiccola, M. Dam, G. D'amen, V. D'Amico, J. Damp, J.R. Dandoy, D. Dannheim, M. Danninger, V. Dao, G. Darbo, S.J. Das, F. Dattola, S. D'Auria, A. D'avanzo, C. David, T. Davidek, I. Dawson, H.A. Day-hall, K. De, R. De Asmundis, N. De Biase, S. De Castro, N. De Groot, P. de Jong, H. De la Torre, A. De Maria, A. De Salvo, U. De Sanctis, F. De Santis, A. De Santo, J.B. De Vivie De Regie, D.V. Dedovich, J. Degens, A.M. Deiana, F. Del Corso, J. Del Peso, F. Del Rio, L. Delagrange, F. Deliot, C.M. Delitzsch, M. Della Pietra, D. Della Volpe, A. Dell'Acqua, L. Dell'Asta, M. Delmastro, P.A. Delsart, S. Demers, M. Demichev, S.P. Denisov, L. D'Eramo, D. Derendarz, F. Derue, P. Dervan, K. Desch, C. Deutsch, F.A. Di Bello, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Domenico, C. Di Donato, A. Di Girolamo, G. Di Gregorio, A. Di Luca, B. Di Micco, R. Di Nardo, K.F. Di Petrillo, M. Diamantopoulou, F.A. Dias, T. Dias Do Vale, M.A. Diaz, F.G. Diaz Capriles, M. Didenko, E.B. Diehl, S. Díez Cornell, C. Diez Pardos, C. Dimitriadi, A. Dimitrievska, J. Dingfelder, I-M. Dinu, S.J. Dittmeier, F. Dittus, M. Divisek, F. Djama, T. Djobava, C. Doglioni, A. Dohnalova, J. Dolejsi, Z. Dolezal, K. Domijan, K.M. Dona, M. Donadelli, B. Dong, J. Donini, A. D'Onofrio, M. D'Onofrio, J. Dopke, A. Doria, N. Dos Santos Fernandes, P. Dougan, M.T. Dova, A.T. Doyle, M.A. Draguet, I.M. Drapeau, E. Dreyer, I. Drivas-koulouris, M. Drnevich, M. Drozdova, D. Du, T.A. du Pree, F. Dubinin, M. Dubovsky, E. Duchovni, G. Duckeck, O.A. Ducu, D. Duda, A. Dudarev, E.R. Duden, M. D'uffizi, L. Duflot, M. Dührssen, I. Duminica, A.E. Dumitriu, M. Dunford, S. Dungs, K. Dunne, A. Duperrin, H. Duran Yildiz, M. Düren, A. Durglishvili, B.L. Dwyer, G.I. Dyckes, M. Dyndal, B.S. Dziedzic, Z.O. Earnshaw, G.H. Eberwein, B. Eckerova, S. Eggebrecht, E. Egidio Purcino De Souza, L.F. Ehrke, G. Eigen, K. Einsweiler, T. Ekelof, P.A. Ekman, S. El Farkh, Y. El Ghazali, H. El Jarrari, A. El Moussaouy, V. Ellajosyula, M. Ellert, F. Ellinghaus, N. Ellis, J. Elmsheuser, M. Elsawy, M. Elsing, D. Emeliyanov, Y. Enari, I. Ene, S. Epari, P.A. Erland, D. Ernani Martins Neto, M. Errenst, M. Escalier, C. Escobar, E. Etzion, G. Evans, H. Evans, L.S. Evans, A. Ezhilov, S. Ezzarqtouni, F. Fabbri, L. Fabbri, G. Facini, V. Fadeyev, R.M. Fakhrutdinov, D. Fakoudis, S. Falciano, L.F. Falda Ulhoa Coelho, F. Fallavollita, G. Falsetti, J. Faltova, C. Fan, Y. Fan, Y. Fang, M. Fanti, M. Faraj, Z. Farazpay, A. Farbin, A. Farilla, T. Farooque, S.M. Farrington, F. Fassi, D. Fassouliotis, M. Faucci Giannelli, W.J. Fawcett, L. Fayard, P. Federic, P. Federicova, O.L. Fedin, M. Feickert, L. Feligioni, D.E. Fellers, C. Feng, M. Feng, Z. Feng, M.J. Fenton, L. Ferencz, R.A.M. Ferguson, S.I. Fernandez Luengo, P. Fernandez Martinez, M.J.V. Fernoux, J. Ferrando, A. Ferrari, P. Ferrari, R. Ferrari, D. Ferrere, C. Ferretti, D. Fiacco, F. Fiedler, P. Fiedler, A. Filipčič, E.K. Filmer, F. Filthaut, M.C.N. Fiolhais, L. Fiorini, W.C. Fisher, T. Fitschen, P.M. Fitzhugh, I. Fleck, P. Fleischmann, T. Flick, M. Flores, L.R. Flores Castillo, L. Flores Sanz De Acedo, F.M. Follega, N. Fomin, J.H. Foo, A. Formica, A.C. Forti, E. Fortin, A.W. Fortman, M.G. Foti, L. Fountas, D. Fournier, H. Fox, P. Francavilla, S. Francescato, S. Franchellucci, M. Franchini, S. Franchino, D. Francis, L. Franco, V. Franco Lima, L. Franconi, M. Franklin, G. Frattari, Y.Y. Frid, J. Friend, N. Fritzsche, A. Froch, D. Froidevaux, J.A. Frost, Y. Fu, S. Fuenzalida Garrido, M. Fujimoto, K.Y. Fung, E. Furtado De Simas Filho, M. Furukawa, J. Fuster, A. Gaa, A. Gabrielli, P. Gadow, G. Gagliardi, L.G. Gagnon, S. Gaid, S. Galantzan, E.J. Gallas, B.J. Gallop, K.K. Gan, S. Ganguly, Y. Gao, F.M. Garay Walls, B. Garcia, C. García, A. Garcia Alonso, A.G. Garcia Caffaro, J.E. García Navarro, M. Garcia-Sciveres, G.L. Gardner, R.W. Gardner, N. Garelli, D. Garg, R.B. Garg, J.M. Gargan, C.A. Garner, C.M. Garvey, V.K. Gassmann, G. Gaudio, V. Gautam, P. Gauzzi, J. Gavranovic, I.L. Gavrilenko, A. Gavrilyuk, C. Gay, G. Gaycken, E.N. Gazis, A.A. Geanta, C.M. Gee, A. Gekow, C. Gemme, M.H. Genest, A.D. Gentry, S. George, W.F. George, T. Geralis, P. Gessinger-Befurt, M.E. Geyik, M. Ghani, K. Ghorbanian, A. Ghosal, A. Ghosh, B. Giacobbe, S. Giagu, T. Giani, P. Giannetti, A. Giannini, S.M. Gibson, M. Gignac, D.T. Gil, A.K. Gilbert, B.J. Gilbert, D. Gillberg, G. Gilles, L. Ginabat, D.M. Gingrich, M.P. Giordani, P.F. Giraud, G. Giugliarelli, D. Giugni, F. Giuli, I. Gkialas, L.K. Gladilin, C. Glasman, G.R. Gledhill, G. Glemža, M. Glisic, I. Gnesi, Y. Go, M. Goblirsch-Kolb, B. Gocke, D. Godin, B. Gokturk, S. Goldfarb, T. Golling, M.G.D. Gololo, D. Golubkov, J.P. Gombas, A. Gomes, G. Gomes Da Silva, A.J. Gomez Delegido, R. Gonçalo, L. Gonella, A. Gongadze, F. Gonnella, J.L. Gonski, R.Y. González Andana, S. González de la Hoz, R. Gonzalez Lopez, C. Gonzalez Renteria, M.V. Gonzalez Rodrigues, R. Gonzalez Suarez, S. Gonzalez-Sevilla, L. Goossens, B. Gorini, E. Gorini, A. Gorišek, T.C. Gosart, A.T. Goshaw, M.I. Gostkin, S. Goswami, C.A. Gottardo, S.A. Gotz, M. Gouighri, V. Goumarre, A.G. Goussiou, N. Govender, I. Grabowska-Bold, K. Graham, E. Gramstad, S. Grancagnolo, C.M. Grant, P.M. Gravila, F.G. Gravili, H.M. Gray, M. Greco, M.J. Green, C. Grefe, A.S. Grefsrud, I.M. Gregor, K.T. Greif, P. Grenier, S.G. Grewe, A.A. Grillo, K. Grimm, S. Grinstein, J.-F. Grivaz, E. Gross, J. Grosse-Knetter, J.C. Grundy, L. Guan, J.G.R. Guerrero Rojas, G. Guerrieri, R. Gugel, J.A.M. Guhit, A. Guida, E. Guilloton, S. Guindon, F. Guo, J. Guo, L. Guo, Y. Guo, R. Gupta, S. Gurbuz, S.S. Gurdasani, G. Gustavino, M. Guth, P. Gutierrez, L.F. Gutierrez Zagazeta, M. Gutsche, C. Gutschow, C. Gwenlan, C.B. Gwilliam, E.S. Haaland, A. Haas, M. Habedank, C. Haber, H.K. Hadavand, A. Hadef, S. Hadzic, A.I. Hagan, J.J. Hahn, E.H. Haines, M. Haleem, J. Haley, J.J. Hall, G.D. Hallewell, L. Halser, K. Hamano, M. Hamer, G.N. Hamity, E.J. Hampshire, J. Han, K. Han, L. Han, S. Han, Y.F. Han, K. Hanagaki, M. Hance, D.A. Hangal, H. Hanif, M.D. Hank, J.B. Hansen, P.H. Hansen, K. Hara, D. Harada, T. Harenberg, S. Harkusha, M.L. Harris, Y.T. Harris, J. Harrison, N.M. Harrison, P.F. Harrison, N.M. Hartman, N.M. Hartmann, R.Z. Hasan, Y. Hasegawa, S. Hassan, R. Hauser, C.M. Hawkes, R.J. Hawkings, Y. Hayashi, S. Hayashida, D. Hayden, C. Hayes, R.L. Hayes, C.P. Hays, J.M. Hays, H.S. Hayward, F. He, M. He, Y. He, N.B. Heatley, V. Hedberg, A.L. Heggelund, N.D. Hehir, C. Heidegger, K.K. Heidegger, J. Heilman, S. Heim, T. Heim, J.G. Heinlein, J.J. Heinrich, L. Heinrich, J. Hejbal, A. Held, S. Hellesund, C.M. Helling, S. Hellman, R.C.W. Henderson, L. Henkelmann, A.M. Henriques Correia, H. Herde, Y. Hernández Jiménez, L.M. Herrmann, T. Herrmann, G. Herten, R. Hertenberger, L. Hervas, M.E. Hesping, N.P. Hessey, M. Hidaoui, N. Hidic, E. Hill, S.J. Hillier, J.R. Hinds, F. Hinterkeuser, M. Hirose, S. Hirose, D. Hirschbuehl, T.G. Hitchings, B. Hiti, J. Hobbs, R. Hobincu, N. Hod, M.C. Hodgkinson, B.H. Hodkinson, A. Hoecker, D.D. Hofer, J. Hofer, T. Holm, M. Holzbock, L.B.A.H. Hommels, B.P. Honan, J.J. Hong, J. Hong, T.M. Hong, B.H. Hooberman, W.H. Hopkins, M.C. Hoppesch, Y. Horii, S. Hou, A.S. Howard, J. Howarth, J. Hoya, M. Hrabovsky, A. Hrynevich, T. Hryn'ova, P.J. Hsu, S.-C. Hsu, T. Hsu, M. Hu, Q. Hu, S. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, Z. Huang, Z. Hubacek, M. Huebner, F. Huegging, T.B. Huffman, C.A. Hugli, M. Huhtinen, S.K. Huiberts, R. Hulsken, N. Huseynov, J. Huston, J. Huth, R. Hyneman, G. Iacobucci, G. Iakovidis, L. Iconomidou-Fayard, J.P. Iddon, P. Iengo, R. 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Safarzadeh Samani, S. Saha, M. Sahinsoy, A. Saibel, M. Saimpert, M. Saito, T. Saito, A. Sala, D. Salamani, A. Salnikov, J. Salt, A. Salvador Salas, D. Salvatore, F. Salvatore, A. Salzburger, D. Sammel, E. Sampson, D. Sampsonidis, D. Sampsonidou, J. Sánchez, V. Sanchez Sebastian, H. Sandaker, C.O. Sander, J.A. Sandesara, M. Sandhoff, C. Sandoval, L. Sanfilippo, D.P.C. Sankey, T. Sano, A. Sansoni, L. Santi, C. Santoni, H. Santos, A. Santra, E. Sanzani, K.A. Saoucha, J.G. Saraiva, J. Sardain, O. Sasaki, K. Sato, C. Sauer, E. Sauvan, P. Savard, R. Sawada, C. Sawyer, L. Sawyer, C. Sbarra, A. Sbrizzi, T. Scanlon, J. Schaarschmidt, U. Schäfer, A.C. Schaffer, D. Schaile, R.D. Schamberger, C. Scharf, M.M. Schefer, V.A. Schegelsky, D. Scheirich, M. Schernau, C. Scheulen, C. Schiavi, M. Schioppa, B. Schlag, K.E. Schleicher, S. Schlenker, J. Schmeing, M.A. Schmidt, K. Schmieden, C. Schmitt, N. Schmitt, S. Schmitt, L. Schoeffel, A. Schoening, P.G. Scholer, E. Schopf, M. Schott, J. Schovancova, S. Schramm, T. Schroer, H-C. Schultz-Coulon, M. Schumacher, B.A. Schumm, Ph. Schune, A.J. Schuy, H.R. Schwartz, A. Schwartzman, T.A. Schwarz, Ph. Schwemling, R. Schwienhorst, F.G. Sciacca, A. Sciandra, G. Sciolla, F. Scuri, C.D. Sebastiani, K. Sedlaczek, S.C. Seidel, A. Seiden, B.D. Seidlitz, C. Seitz, J.M. Seixas, G. Sekhniaidze, L. Selem, N. Semprini-Cesari, D. Sengupta, V. Senthilkumar, L. Serin, M. Sessa, H. Severini, F. Sforza, A. Sfyrla, Q. Sha, E. Shabalina, A.H. Shah, R. Shaheen, J.D. Shahinian, D. Shaked Renous, L.Y. Shan, M. Shapiro, A. Sharma, A.S. Sharma, P. Sharma, P.B. Shatalov, K. Shaw, S.M. Shaw, Q. Shen, D.J. Sheppard, P. Sherwood, L. Shi, X. Shi, C.O. Shimmin, J.D. Shinner, I.P.J. Shipsey, S. Shirabe, M. Shiyakova, M.J. Shochet, J. Shojaii, D.R. Shope, B. Shrestha, S. Shrestha, M.J. Shroff, P. Sicho, A.M. Sickles, E. Sideras Haddad, A.C. Sidley, A. Sidoti, F. Siegert, Dj. Sijacki, F. Sili, J.M. Silva, I. Silva Ferreira, M.V. Silva Oliveira, S.B. Silverstein, S. Simion, R. Simoniello, E.L. Simpson, H. Simpson, L.R. Simpson, N.D. Simpson, S. Simsek, S. Sindhu, P. Sinervo, S. Singh, S. Sinha, M. Sioli, I. Siral, E. Sitnikova, J. Sjölin, A. Skaf, E. Skorda, P. Skubic, M. Slawinska, V. Smakhtin, B.H. Smart, S.Yu. Smirnov, Y. Smirnov, L.N. Smirnova, O. Smirnova, A.C. Smith, D.R. Smith, E.A. Smith, H.A. Smith, J.L. Smith, R. Smith, M. Smizanska, K. Smolek, A.A. Snesarev, S.R. Snider, H.L. Snoek, S. Snyder, R. Sobie, A. Soffer, C.A. Solans Sanchez, E.Yu. Soldatov, U. Soldevila, A.A. Solodkov, S. Solomon, A. Soloshenko, K. Solovieva, O.V. Solovyanov, P. Sommer, A. Sonay, W.Y. Song, A. Sopczak, A.L. Sopio, F. Sopkova, J.D. Sorenson, I.R. Sotarriva Alvarez, V. Sothilingam, O.J. Soto Sandoval, S. Sottocornola, R. Soualah, Z. Soumaimi, D. South, N. Soybelman, S. Spagnolo, M. Spalla, D. Sperlich, G. Spigo, S. Spinali, B. Spisso, D.P. Spiteri, M. Spousta, E.J. Staats, R. Stamen, A. Stampekis, M. Standke, E. Stanecka, W. Stanek-Maslouska, M.V. Stange, B. Stanislaus, M.M. Stanitzki, B. Stapf, E.A. Starchenko, G.H. Stark, J. Stark, P. Staroba, P. Starovoitov, S. Stärz, R. Staszewski, G. Stavropoulos, J. Steentoft, P. Steinberg, B. Stelzer, H.J. Stelzer, O. Stelzer-Chilton, H. Stenzel, T.J. Stevenson, G.A. Stewart, J.R. Stewart, M.C. Stockton, G. Stoicea, M. Stolarski, S. Stonjek, A. Straessner, J. Strandberg, S. Strandberg, M. Stratmann, M. Strauss, T. Strebler, P. Strizenec, R. Ströhmer, D.M. Strom, R. Stroynowski, A. Strubig, S.A. Stucci, B. Stugu, J. Stupak, N.A. Styles, D. Su, S. Su, W. Su, X. Su, D. Suchy, K. Sugizaki, V.V. Sulin, M.J. Sullivan, D.M.S. Sultan, L. Sultanaliyeva, S. Sultansoy, T. Sumida, S. Sun, O. Sunneborn Gudnadottir, N. Sur, M.R. Sutton, H. Suzuki, M. Svatos, M. Swiatlowski, T. Swirski, I. Sykora, M. Sykora, T. Sykora, D. Ta, K. Tackmann, A. Taffard, R. Tafirout, J.S. Tafoya Vargas, Y. Takubo, M. Talby, A.A. Talyshev, K.C. Tam, N.M. Tamir, A. Tanaka, J. Tanaka, R. Tanaka, M. Tanasini, Z. Tao, S. Tapia Araya, S. Tapprogge, A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed, S. Tarem, K. Tariq, G. Tarna, G.F. Tartarelli, M.J. Tartarin, P. Tas, M. Tasevsky, E. Tassi, A.C. Tate, G. Tateno, Y. Tayalati, G.N. Taylor, W. Taylor, R. Teixeira De Lima, P. Teixeira-Dias, J.J. Teoh, K. Terashi, J. Terron, S. Terzo, M. Testa, R.J. Teuscher, A. Thaler, O. Theiner, N. Themistokleous, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer, O. Thielmann, D.W. Thomas, J.P. Thomas, E.A. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, E. Thomson, R.E. Thornberry, C. Tian, Y. Tian, V. Tikhomirov, Yu.A. Tikhonov, S. Timoshenko, D. Timoshyn, E.X.L. Ting, P. Tipton, A. Tishelman-Charny, S.H. Tlou, K. Todome, S. Todorova-Nova, S. Todt, L. Toffolin, M. Togawa, J. Tojo, S. Tokár, K. Tokushuku, O. Toldaiev, R. Tombs, M. Tomoto, L. Tompkins, K.W. Topolnicki, E. Torrence, H. Torres, E. Torró Pastor, M. Toscani, C. Tosciri, M. Tost, D.R. Tovey, I.S. Trandafir, T. Trefzger, A. Tricoli, I.M. Trigger, S. Trincaz-Duvoid, D.A. Trischuk, B. Trocmé, A. Tropina, L. Truong, M. Trzebinski, A. Trzupek, F. Tsai, M. Tsai, A. Tsiamis, P.V. Tsiareshka, S. Tsigaridas, A. Tsirigotis, V. Tsiskaridze, E.G. Tskhadadze, M. Tsopoulou, Y. Tsujikawa, I.I. Tsukerman, V. Tsulaia, S. Tsuno, K. Tsuri, D. Tsybychev, Y. Tu, A. Tudorache, V. Tudorache, A.N. Tuna, S. Turchikhin, I. Turk Cakir, R. Turra, T. Turtuvshin, P.M. Tuts, S. Tzamarias, E. Tzovara, F. Ukegawa, P.A. Ulloa Poblete, E.N. Umaka, G. Unal, A. Undrus, G. Unel, J. Urban, P. Urrejola, G. Usai, R. Ushioda, M. Usman, Z. Uysal, V. Vacek, B. Vachon, T. Vafeiadis, A. Vaitkus, C. Valderanis, E. Valdes Santurio, M. Valente, S. Valentinetti, A. Valero, E. Valiente Moreno, A. Vallier, J.A. Valls Ferrer, D.R. Van Arneman, T.R. Van Daalen, A. Van Der Graaf, P. Van Gemmeren, M. Van Rijnbach, S. Van Stroud, I. Van Vulpen, P. Vana, M. Vanadia, W. Vandelli, E.R. Vandewall, D. Vannicola, L. Vannoli, R. Vari, E.W. Varnes, C. Varni, T. Varol, D. Varouchas, L. Varriale, K.E. Varvell, M.E. Vasile, L. Vaslin, G.A. Vasquez, A. Vasyukov, L.M. Vaughan, R. Vavricka, T. Vazquez Schroeder, J. Veatch, V. Vecchio, M.J. Veen, I. Veliscek, L.M. Veloce, F. Veloso, S. Veneziano, A. Ventura, S. Ventura Gonzalez, A. Verbytskyi, M. Verducci, C. Vergis, M. Verissimo De Araujo, W. Verkerke, J.C. Vermeulen, C. Vernieri, M. Vessella, M.C. Vetterli, A. Vgenopoulos, N. Viaux Maira, T. Vickey, O.E. Vickey Boeriu, G.H.A. Viehhauser, L. Vigani, M. Villa, M. Villaplana Perez, E.M. Villhauer, E. Vilucchi, M.G. Vincter, A. Visibile, C. Vittori, I. Vivarelli, E. Voevodina, F. Vogel, J.C. Voigt, P. Vokac, Yu. Volkotrub, J. Von Ahnen, E. Von Toerne, B. Vormwald, V. Vorobel, K. Vorobev, M. Vos, K. Voss, M. Vozak, L. Vozdecky, N. Vranjes, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic, M. Vreeswijk, N.K. Vu, R. Vuillermet, O. Vujinovic, I. Vukotic, S. Wada, C. Wagner, J.M. Wagner, W. Wagner, S. Wahdan, H. Wahlberg, M. Wakida, J. Walder, R. Walker, W. Walkowiak, A. Wall, E.J. Wallin, T. Wamorkar, A.Z. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, P. Wang, R. Wang, S.M. Wang, S. Wang, T. Wang, W.T. Wang, W. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Warburton, R.J. Ward, N. Warrack, S. Waterhouse, A.T. Watson, H. Watson, M.F. Watson, E. Watton, G. Watts, B.M. Waugh, J.M. Webb, C. Weber, H.A. Weber, M.S. Weber, S.M. Weber, C. Wei, Y. Wei, A.R. Weidberg, E.J. Weik, J. Weingarten, C. Weiser, C.J. Wells, T. Wenaus, B. Wendland, T. Wengler, N.S. Wenke, N. Wermes, M. Wessels, A.M. Wharton, A.S. White, A. White, M.J. White, D. Whiteson, L. Wickremasinghe, W. Wiedenmann, M. Wielers, C. Wiglesworth, D.J. Wilbern, H.G. Wilkens, J.J.H. Wilkinson, D.M. Williams, H.H. Williams, S. Williams, S. Willocq, B.J. Wilson, P.J. Windischhofer, F.I. Winkel, F. Winklmeier, B.T. Winter, J.K. Winter, M. Wittgen, M. Wobisch, T. Wojtkowski, Z. Wolffs, J. Wollrath, M.W. Wolter, H. Wolters, M.C. Wong, E.L. Woodward, S.D. Worm, B.K. Wosiek, K.W. Woźniak, S. Wozniewski, K. Wraight, C. Wu, M. Wu, S.L. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Wu, J. Wuerzinger, T.R. Wyatt, B.M. Wynne, S. Xella, L. Xia, M. Xia, J. Xiang, M. Xie, S. Xin, A. Xiong, J. Xiong, D. Xu, H. Xu, L. Xu, R. Xu, T. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, B. Yabsley, S. Yacoob, Y. Yamaguchi, E. Yamashita, H. Yamauchi, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yamazaki, J. Yan, S. Yan, Z. Yan, H.J. Yang, H.T. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, W-M. Yao, H. Ye, J. Ye, S. Ye, X. Ye, Y. Yeh, I. Yeletskikh, B.K. Yeo, M.R. Yexley, T.P. Yildirim, P. Yin, K. Yorita, S. Younas, C.J.S. Young, C. Young, C. Yu, Y. Yu, J. Yuan, M. Yuan, R. Yuan, L. Yue, M. Zaazoua, B. Zabinski, E. Zaid, Z.K. Zak, T. Zakareishvili, N. Zakharchuk, S. Zambito, J.A. Zamora Saa, J. Zang, D. Zanzi, O. Zaplatilek, C. Zeitnitz, H. Zeng, J.C. Zeng, D.T. Zenger, Jr, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, S. Zenz, S. Zerradi, D. Zerwas, M. Zhai, D.F. Zhang, J. Zhang, K. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. Zhang, T. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, H. Zhao, T. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, J. Zheng, K. Zheng, X. Zheng, Z. Zheng, D. Zhong, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, C.G. Zhu, J. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, K. Zhukov, N.I. Zimine, J. Zinsser, M. Ziolkowski, L. Živković, A. Zoccoli, K. Zoch, T.G. Zorbas, O. Zormpa, W. Zou, and L. Zwalinski

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A search for heavy Majorana neutrinos in scattering of same-sign W boson pairs in proton–proton collisions at s=13 TeV at the LHC is reported. The dataset used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1, collected with the ATLAS detector during 2015–2018. The search is performed in final states including a same-sign ee or eμ pair and at least two jets with large invariant mass and a large rapidity difference. No significant excess of events with respect to the Standard Model background predictions is observed. The results are interpreted in a benchmark scenario of the Phenomenological Type-I Seesaw model. New constraints are set on the values of the |VeN|2 and |VeNVμN⁎| parameters for heavy Majorana neutrino masses between 50 GeV and 20 TeV, where VℓN is the matrix element describing the mixing of the heavy Majorana neutrino mass eigenstate with the Standard Model neutrino of flavour ℓ=e,μ. The sensitivity to the Weinberg operator is investigated and constraints on the effective ee and eμ Majorana neutrino masses are reported. The statistical combination of the ee and eμ channels with the previously published μμ channel is performed.

Published
2024
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26. Protocol for producing hyperpolarized 13C-bicarbonate for clinical MRI of extracellular pH in aggressive tumors

Author

Changhua Mu, Xiaoxi Liu, Andrew Riselli, James Slater, Evelyn Escobar, Duy Dang, Scott Drapeau, Romelyn Delos Santos, Stacy Andosca, Hao Nguyen, Peder E.Z. Larson, Robert Bok, Daniel B. Vigneron, John Kurhanewicz, David M. Wilson, and Robert R. Flavell

Subjects
Cancer, Health Sciences, Clinical Protocol, Metabolism, Molecular/Chemical Probes, Biotechnology and bioengineering, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Summary: Tumor acidosis is one of the hallmarks indicating the initiation and progression of various cancers. Here, we present a protocol for preparing a hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-bicarbonate tissue pH MRI imaging contrast agent to detect aggressive tumors. We describe the steps for the formulation and polarization of a precursor molecule 13C-glycerol carbonate (13C-GLC), the post-dissolution reaction, and converting HP 13C-GLC to an injectable HP 13C-bicarbonate solution. We then detail procedures for MRI data acquisition to generate tumor pH maps for assessing tumor aggressiveness.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Mu et al.1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

Published
2024
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27. Persistence, changes and robustness of nest webs along a latitudinal gradient in the Canadian boreal forest

Author

Philippe Cadieux, Pierre Drapeau, Alexandre Fouillet, and Réjean Deschênes

Subjects
upland mixedwood forests, upland conifer forests, beaver ponds, cavity-using vertebrate communities, nest webs, lowland forests, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

IntroductionIn eastern Canada, the boreal forest is associated with an important latitudinal shift in forest composition and structure, which occurs in the transition between the mixed southern boreal forest and the coniferous northern boreal forest. Along this transition, upland mixedwood stands with large deciduous trees (important for cavity-dependent vertebrate species) are gradually replaced by forests with smaller conifer trees, primarily black spruce (Picea mariana). Concomitantly, the availability of lowland forests flooded by the American beaver (Castor canadensis), which can provide adequate conditions for tree-cavity users, is also decreasing.MethodsWe hypothesized that this latitudinal gradient would bring important changes in the functional diversity and network structure of vertebrate cavity-using communities. Along this latitudinal gradient we used a nest web approach to analyze the structure and robustness of networks of cavity users in upland forests and in lowland forests flooded by beavers.ResultsDespite their low availability in the northern forest region, we found that mixedwood stands persisted throughout the boreal forest in being the main drivers of nest webs network structure of upland forests whereas old black spruce stands contribution was low. In lowland forests, beaver ponds harbored nest webs with a rich and complex structure in both forest regions. Species removal simulations revealed that across our latitudinal gradient upland and lowland forest nest webs responded differently. In upland forests, the removal of trembling aspen and the Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) caused the highest proportions of secondary extinctions, showing low robustness of nest webs given that these two species were highly connected to the other species. Contrastingly, nest webs in beaver ponds were more robust mainly because excavator species used a higher diversity of tree species despite the removal of the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) which induced numerous secondary extinctions. The Pileated Woodpecker remained the pivotal species across the two forest regions in upland forests whereas the Northern Flicker became the main large cavity provider in beaver ponds across the latitudinal gradient.DiscussionWe discuss how mixedwood forests and beaver ponds, which are key habitat types for the cavity-using vertebrate community across our latitudinal gradient, should be maintained and protected in landscapes under industrial timber harvesting.

Published
2024
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28. CTX-M-15/27-positive Escherichia coli and VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas putida in free-living pigeons (Columba livia) in Tunisia

Author

Meriem Souguir, Pierre Châtre, Antoine Drapeau, Sana Azaiez, Imen Hmidi, Sana Ncir, Agnese Lupo, Jean-Yves Madec, Marisa Haenni, and Wejdene Mansour

Subjects
Pigeons, ESBL, Horizontal gene transfer, Plasmid, F-:A-:B53, VIM-2, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Objectives: Wild birds are vectors of antimicrobial resistance. Birds living in close contact with humans or other animals, like feral pigeons (Columba livia), might be especially prone to acquire resistance genes such as those encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases. Methods: Cloacal samples (n = 206) of free-living feral pigeons (C. livia) were collected in Sousse and Monastir, Tunisia. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by disc-diffusion, and resistant isolates were short- and long-read whole-genome sequenced. Sequence analysis was performed using tools of the Centre for Genomic Epidemiology, and Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the core-genome MLST. Results: Fourteen (14/206, 6.8%) pigeons harboured Enterobacterales resistant to last-generations cephalosporins, of which 10 were CTX-M-15- or CTX-M-27-producers, while two (1.0%) carried a VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas putida. Positive pigeons lived on four different livestock farms. Three STs (ST206, ST5584, ST8149) were identified among E. coli, of which ST5584 and ST8149 were found in two different farms. Genetic diversity was also observed in Enterobacter cloacae and P. putida isolates. The blaCTX−M-27 genes were chromosomally encoded, while the blaCTX−M-15 genes were carried on highly similar IncF/F-:A-:B53 plasmids. The blaVIM-2 gene was located on a class 1 integron co-harbouring several resistance genes. Conclusion: Pigeons living on livestock farms carried clinically important resistance genes encoding ESBLs and carbapenemases. Our results evidenced that both clonal (ST8149 and ST5584) and plasmidic (IncF/F-:A-:B53) transfers played a role in the spread of resistance genes among pigeons. Further studies are needed to identify factors favouring the transfer and persistence of resistance genes within the pigeon communities.

Published
2024
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29. Derivatives Risks as Costs in a One-Period Network Model

Author

Bastide, Dorinel, Crépey, Stéphane, Drapeau, Samuel, and Tadese, Mekonnen

Subjects
Quantitative Finance - Risk Management
Abstract

We present a one-period XVA model encompassing bilateral and centrally cleared trading in a unified framework with explicit formulas for most quantities at hand. We illustrate possible uses of this framework for running stress test exercises on a financial network from a clearing member's perspective or for optimizing the porting of the portfolio of a defaulted clearing member.

Published
2022

31. Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus Carrying the PVL and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin in Healthy Dogs in Algeria

Author

Fares Khermouche, Nouzha Heleili, Manel Merradi, Amina Hachemi, Antoine Drapeau, Séverine Murri, Jean-Yves Madec, and Marisa Haenni

Subjects
MRSA, dog, PVL, TSST, Algeria, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Background/Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius are major opportunistic pathogens in both humans and dogs. In pets, the dissemination of methicillin-resistant isolates (MRSA or MRSP) is problematic for the treatment of animals and is a public health issue due to their zoonotic potential. MRSA and MRSP may also harbor virulent genes that increase their dangerousness. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of (MR)SA and (MR)SP in healthy dogs and their owners in Algeria. Methods: Swabs were collected from various body sites of healthy dogs (n = 88) and from the nose of their owners (n = 38). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by antibiograms according to the disc diffusion method, and clonality was assessed using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). All methicillin-resistant isolates were short-read whole-genome sequenced using the Illumina technology. Results: 26 S. aureus and 17 S. pseudintermedius isolates were respectively collected from 13 dogs (13/88, 14.8%). No MRSP isolate was detected, while MRSA was found in six dogs (6.8%). Isolates belonged to ST1 (n = 3), ST 80 (n = 1), and ST 22 (n = 2, including the single-locus variant ST7118). All MRSA displayed the immune evasion cluster (IEC) type E. The ST80 isolate presented the Panton–Valentine toxin, and the ST22/ST7118 isolates carried the tst gene coding for the toxic shock syndrome toxin. Conclusions: The epidemiology of MRSA in healthy Algerian dogs mirrors the one in Algerian people. This poses a zoonotic and public health concern due to the virulence and resistance genes displayed by these isolates. Our results indicate the need for developing One Health strategies to avoid a large-scale dissemination of MRSA in Algerian dogs.

Published
2024
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32. Suicide Knowledge and Intention to Intervene: College Students

Author

Aldrich, Rosalie S., Cerel, Julie, and Drapeau, Christopher W.

Abstract

Objective: The revised Willingness to Intervene against Suicide questionnaire and the Expanded Revised Facts on Suicide Quiz were employed to examine the relationship between college students' knowledge about suicide and intention to intervene. Participants: College students (n = 515) participated, a majority being women and Caucasian. Methods: Participants completed an online survey. Data were analyzed in SPSS. Results: College students have poor knowledge of suicide facts; however, this low level of accurate knowledge was not associated with intention to intervene with a suicidal person. Attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, sex, and no previous suicide attempt were all significant predictors of intention to intervene. Conclusions: These results challenge the notion that one must be well-informed in order to intend to take action.

Published
2023
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34. Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 probiotic supplementation on circulating IGFBP-2 levels during a calorie-restricted diet in overweight humans

Author

Justine Faramia, Béatrice S.-Y. Choi, Lucie Brunelle, André Marette, Vicky Drapeau, Angelo Tremblay, and Frédéric Picard

Subjects
Insulin-like growth factor, Binding protein, Probiotics, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Eating behaviors, Humans, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Background and aim: Gut microbiota influences energy homeostasis in part through circulating hormones. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a biomarker whose increase in systemic circulation is associated with positive effects on body weight and metabolism. In a recent clinical trial, probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation showed positive effects on eating behaviors and insulin resistance in overweight participants undergoing a weight-loss intervention. In this context, this ancillary study aimed at assessing the impact of L. rhamnosus HA-114 supplementation on plasma IGFBP-2 levels in these individuals, and whether this modulation correlated with changes in fat mass, energy metabolism, and eating behaviors. Methods: Fasting plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations were quantified in 100 overweight or obese men and women enrolled in a 12-week diet-based weight reduction program (−500 kcal/day), in combination with probiotic L. rhamnosus HA-114 or placebo supplementation. Baseline and changes in circulating IGFBP-2 concentrations were correlated with anthropometric parameter, glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiorespiratory function and eating behaviors. Results: On average, the intervention reduced BMI by 4.6 % and increased IGFBP-2 by 13 %, regardless of supplementation group. Individuals who presented an increase in IGFBP-2 levels had significantly greater reductions in BMI. Changes in IGFBP-2 levels were correlated with loss in fat mass (r = 0.2, p

Published
2024
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35. Case report: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: a rare adverse event associated with FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in a child

Author

Meziane Brizini, Tina Drimes, Catherine Bourne, Jessica Streilein, Annie Drapeau, Jens Wrogemann, Lori Anne Archer, Marc Del Bigio, and Magimairajan Issai Vanan

Subjects
fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors, Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, On-target skeletal toxicity, Erdafitinib, hypothalamic obesity, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

We report a case of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), an on target skeletal toxicity of a pan-FGFR TKI inhibitor, erdafitinib. A 13-year-old boy was diagnosed to have an optic pathway/hypothalamic glioma with signs of increased intracranial pressure and obstructive hydrocephalus requiring placement of ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt. Sequencing of the tumor showed FGFR1-tyrosine kinase domain internal tandem duplication (FGFR1-KD-ITD). He developed hypothalamic obesity with rapid weight gain and BMI >30. At 12 weeks of treatment with erdafitinib, he developed persistent knee pain. X-ray of the right hip showed SCFE. Erdafitinib was discontinued, and he underwent surgical pinning of the right hip. MRI at discontinuation of erdafitinib showed a 30% decrease in the size of the tumor, which has remained stable at 6 months follow-up. Our experience and literature review suggest that pediatric patients who are treated with pan-FGFR TKIs should be regularly monitored for skeletal side effects.

Published
2024
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36. Multiple host colonization and differential expansion of multidrug-resistant ST25-Acinetobacter baumannii clades

Author

Agnese Lupo, Benoît Valot, Estelle Saras, Antoine Drapeau, Marine Robert, Maxime Bour, Marisa Haenni, Patrick Plésiat, Jean-Yves Madec, and Anaïs Potron

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The Acinetobacter baumannii clonal lineage ST25 has been identified in humans and animals and found associated with outbreaks globally. To highlight possible similarities among ST25 A. baumannii of animal and human origins and to gather clues on the dissemination and evolution of the ST25 lineage, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis on n = 106 human and n = 35 animal A. baumannii ST25 genomes, including 44 sequenced for this study. Resistance genes and their genetic background were analyzed, as well. ST25 genomes are clustered into four clades: two are widespread in South America, while the other two are largely distributed in Europe, Asia and America. One particular clade was found to include the most recent strains and the highest number of acquired antibiotic resistance genes. OXA-23-type carbapenemase was the most common. Other resistance genes such as bla NDM-1, bla PER-7, and armA were found embedded in complex chromosomal regions present in human isolates. Genomic similarity among multidrug resistant ST25 isolates of either animal or human origin was revealed, suggesting cross-contaminations between the two sectors. Tracking the clonal complex ST25 between humans and animals should provide new insights into the mode of dissemination of these bacteria, and should help defining strategies for preserving global health.

Published
2023
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37. $q$-Moment Estimates for the Singular $p$-Laplace Equation and Applications

Author

Drapeau, Samuel and Yin, Liming

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Mathematics - Probability, 35K92, 35B45, 35Q49
Abstract

We provide $q$-moment estimates on annuli for weak solutions of the singular $p$-Laplace equation where $p$ and $q$ are conjugates. We derive $q$-uniform integrability for some critical parameter range. As a application, we derive a mass conservation as well as a weak convergence result for a larger critical parameter range. Concerning the latter point, we further provide a rate of convergence of order $t^{q-1}$ of the solution in the $q$-Wasserstein distance.

Published
2021

38. Carriage Rate of Enterobacterales Resistant to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in the Tunisian Population

Author

Ahlem Mahjoub Khachroub, Meriem Souguir, Pierre Châtre, Nour Elhouda Bouhlel, Nadia Jaidane, Antoine Drapeau, Marah El Kantaoui, Sana Azaiez, Jean-Yves Madec, Wejdene Mansour, and Marisa Haenni

Subjects
ST349, plasmid, F-:A-:B53, Tunisia, ESBL, Medicine
Abstract

Enterobacterales resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) are a marker of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden. They are infecting humans, but the intestinal microbiota can also be transiently colonized without developing symptoms. Healthy carriage can promote silent dissemination of resistant bacteria, and data on this colonization are often lacking. Between 2021 and 2023, a sampling of healthy Tunisian people was carried out. Fecal samples (n = 256) were plated on selective agar, and all collected isolates were characterized by phenotypic (antibiograms) and genomic (whole-genome sequencing) methods. A total of 26 (26/256, 10.2%) isolates were collected, including 24 Escherichia coli and 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae. In total, 17 isolates (15 E. coli and 2 K. pneumoniae) presented an ESBL phenotype conferred by the blaCTX-M-15 gene, and 9 E. coli isolates presented an AmpC phenotype conferred by the blaDHA-1 gene. K. pneumoniae belonged to ST1564 and ST313, while E. coli belonged to diverse STs including the pandemic ST131 clone. Clonally related ST349 E. coli isolates carrying the blaDHA-1 gene were found in nine individuals. In parallel, four blaCTX-M-15 -positive E. coli isolates carried this ESC-resistance gene on an epidemic plasmid IncF/F-:A-:B53 previously identified in Tunisian pigeons and fish. These findings highlight the spread of genetically diverse ESC-resistant Enterobacterales as well as an epidemic plasmid in Tunisia, emphasizing the need for antimicrobial stewardship to limit the transmission of these resistances in the Tunisian population.

Published
2024
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39. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Anxiety of Adolescents in Québec

Author

Lane, Julie, Therriault, Danyka, Dupuis, Audrey, Gosselin, Patrick, Smith, Jonathan, Ziam, Saliha, Roy, Mathieu, Roberge, Pasquale, Drapeau, Marti, Morin, Pascale, Berrigan, Felix, Thibault, Isabelle, and Dufour, Magali

Abstract

Background: Several studies conducted since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic have shown its harmful effects on young people's mental health. In Québec and Canada, few studies have focussed on adolescents, and even fewer of these studies have examined this subject using a methodology that involved comparisons of data obtained before and during the pandemic, which is the purpose of this study. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety of secondary 1 and 2 students in Québec, using data obtained before and during the pandemic. Method: Participants were 2990 French Canadian students in secondary 1 (grade 7) and secondary 2 (grade 8) in Québec. Two independent samples completed the questionnaires, one sample before the pandemic (fall 2019) and one sample during the pandemic (fall 2020). Their answers were subjected to descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Results show that the pandemic has had variable impacts on the student's mental health, with some of them reporting negative effects on their lives, others reporting no effect, and some reporting positive effect. However, the students surveyed during the pandemic generally reported more symptoms of generalized anxiety, and higher levels of test anxiety, fear of judgment and perfectionism than the ones surveyed before the pandemic. Conclusions: The discussion puts forward possible explanations for the results obtained, which contribute to a better understanding of young adolescents' experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also discusses the importance of developing interventions for adolescents affected by this pandemic.

Published
2022
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40. Finding a needle in a haystack: The identification of clinical practice guidelines for psychosocial oncology through an environmental scan of the academic and gray literature

Author

Catherine Bergeron, Michelle Azzi, Adina Coroiu, Carmen G. Loiselle, Martin Drapeau, and Annett Körner

Subjects
clinical practice guidelines, evidence‐based practice, psychosocial oncology, supportive care for cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Objective Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are evidence‐based tools well‐suited to translate the latest research evidence into recommendations for routine clinical care. Given the rapid expansion of psychosocial oncology research, they represent a key opportunity for informing the treatment decisions of overburdened clinicians, standardizing service delivery, and improving patient‐reported outcomes. Yet, there is little consensus on how clinicians can most effectively access these tools and little to no information on the current availability and scope of CPGs for the range of psychosocial symptoms and concerns experienced by patients with cancer. Method Our environmental scan consisted of an academic and gray literature designed to identify currently available CPGs addressing a range of cancer‐related psychosocial symptoms. Results Findings revealed a total of 23 existing psychosocial oncology CPGs that met full eligibility criteria. The gray literature search was found to be more effective at identifying CPGs (n = 22) compared to the academic search (n = 9). Conclusion Several concerns arose from the systematic search. The limited publication of CPGs in peer‐reviewed journals may make clinicians and stakeholders more hesitant to implement CPGs due to uncertainties about the methodological rigor of the development process. Further, many existing CPGs are outdated or failed to be updated according to guideline recommendations, meaning that the recommendations may fall short of their purpose to translate up‐to‐date research findings. Future directions Future research should seek to systematically assess the quality of existing psychosocial oncology CPGs and shed light on the current state of implementation and adherence in clinical practice in order to better inform guideline developers on the current needs of the psychosocial oncology community.

Published
2024
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41. On Detecting Spoofing Strategies in High Frequency Trading

Author

Tao, Xuan, Day, Andrew, Ling, Lan, and Drapeau, Samuel

Subjects
Quantitative Finance - Trading and Market Microstructure, Quantitative Finance - Mathematical Finance, 91G15, 91G70, 91G80
Abstract

Spoofing is an illegal act of artificially modifying the supply to drive temporarily prices in a given direction for profit. In practice, detection of such an act is challenging due to the complexity of modern electronic platforms and the high frequency at which orders are channeled. We present a micro-structural study of spoofing in a simple static setting. A multilevel imbalance which influences the resulting price movement is introduced upon which we describe the optimization strategy of a potential spoofer. We provide conditions under which a market is more likely to admit spoofing behavior as a function of the characteristics of the market. We describe the optimal spoofing strategy after optimization which allows us to quantify the resulting impact on the imbalance after spoofing. Based on these results we calibrate the model to real Level 2 datasets from TMX, and provide some monitoring procedures based on the Wasserstein distance to detect spoofing strategies in real time.

Published
2020

42. Sensitivity analysis of Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization problems

Author

Bartl, Daniel, Drapeau, Samuel, Obloj, Jan, and Wiesel, Johannes

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Probability, Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Quantitative Finance - Mathematical Finance
Abstract

We consider sensitivity of a generic stochastic optimization problem to model uncertainty. We take a non-parametric approach and capture model uncertainty using Wasserstein balls around the postulated model. We provide explicit formulae for the first order correction to both the value function and the optimizer and further extend our results to optimization under linear constraints. We present applications to statistics, machine learning, mathematical finance and uncertainty quantification. In particular, we provide explicit first-order approximation for square-root LASSO regression coefficients and deduce coefficient shrinkage compared to the ordinary least squares regression. We consider robustness of call option pricing and deduce a new Black-Scholes sensitivity, a non-parametric version of the so-called Vega. We also compute sensitivities of optimized certainty equivalents in finance and propose measures to quantify robustness of neural networks to adversarial examples., Comment: Forthcoming in "Proceedings of the Royal Society A"

Published
2020
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46. Interventions to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in children and adolescents in summer day camps: a scoping review

Author

David Larose, Melvin Chih-Shing Chen, Shirin Panahi, Jennifer Yessis, Angelo Tremblay, and Vicky Drapeau

Subjects
Summer Day Camps, Physical activity, Sedentary behaviors, Healthy eating, Healthy lifestyle behaviors, Children, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Children and adolescents have suboptimal physical activity and eating habits during summer breaks. Unlike the school setting, there is little evidence on interventions to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors in Summer Day Camps (SDCs). Methods The aim of this scoping review was to examine physical activity, healthy eating, and sedentary behavior interventions in the SDCs. A systematic search on four platforms (EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science) was performed in May 2021 and was updated in June 2022. Studies related to promoting healthy behaviors, physical activity, sedentary behaviors and/or healthy eating among campers aged 6 to 16 in Summer Day Camps were retained. The protocol and writing of the scoping review were done according to the guidelines of the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR)”. Results Most interventions had a positive effect on the behavioral determinants or the behaviors themselves (i.e., physical activity, sedentary behaviors, or healthy eating). Involving counsellors and parents, setting camp goals, gardening, and education are all relevant strategies in promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in SDCs. Conclusions Since only one intervention directly targeted sedentary behaviors, it should strongly be considered for inclusion in future studies. In addition, more long-term and experimental studies are needed to establish cause-and-effect relationships between healthy behavior interventions in SDCs and behaviors of children and young adolescents.

Published
2023
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47. Lost Sleep: The Lack of Sleep Education and Training in School Psychology

Author

Drapeau, Christopher W.

Abstract

Insufficient sleep is common among school-attending youth and has been associated with academic, cognitive, social-emotional, and behavioral functioning. Despite these associations, it is believed that few school psychologists are prepared to identify, assess, or treat sleep problems manifested in the K-12 setting. However, no published research has explored the prevalence of behavioral sleep medicine training in the field of school psychology. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the current prevalence of behavioral sleep medicine training in school psychology graduate programs, including the prevalence of school psychologists who screen for sleep problems and assess or treat youth sleep disorders in the K-12 setting. Practicing school psychologists (n = 100) were recruited via state school psychology associations and school psychology graduate educators (n = 59; 29.4% response rate) were recruited via e-mail by the primary author. Those who self-selected to participate completed an online survey via Qualtrics. Findings show that 8.5% of surveyed graduate programs offer formal training in behavioral sleep medicine with 80% of surveyed school psychologists never receiving any classroom instruction in behavioral sleep medicine. Additionally, 77% of school psychologists reported never screening for sleep disorders, 79% reported not assessing for sleep disorders during special education evaluations, and 88% reported not treating sleep disorders in the school setting. The majority of school psychologists reported absent or minimal knowledge about how to assess or treat sleep disorders. Findings suggest minimal training in, and practice of, behavioral sleep medicine in the field of school psychology. Opportunities for greater integration are discussed.

Published
2022
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50. Some like it complex: building a common multidisciplinarity background from local experiences within the South-Mediterranean environmental research communities

Author

Mehdi Saqalli, Laurent Kupelian, Hedia Chakroun, Gil Mahé, Carla Khater, Laurent Drapeau, Johnny Fenianos, Stéphane Cartier, Zohra Lili Chaabane, Jean-Luc Probst, and Melio Saenz

Subjects
South-Mediterranean shores, multidisciplinary research, national research communities, research program history, rural-urban environmental issues, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

This article addresses the difficulty of introducing and establishing multidisciplinarity in environmental research within and among the South-Mediterranean environmental research national communities. Moreover, this work attends to assess the internal and external structural factors treating such complex issues in rural, urban, and peri-urban contexts as well as the connections and dependencies of these factors. Throughout a series of programs, projects, and actions that involved scientists and scholars from Algeria, France, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia, some common patterns can be observed despite notable differences in environmental and political contexts. Thus, the main common issues involve funding matters (budget reductions and less versatility), administrative and social hierarchy, relatively small connections with public services and community representatives, and finally the reluctance shown by many researchers to make data available for the community. Nevertheless, the fact that national and international (Arabic and French speaking sphere) researcher's communities have progressively built mutual knowledge thanks to different collaborations is a major achievement, sustaining multidisciplinarity in environmental research. Indeed, this allowed the elaboration of sustainability metrics, demarches, and procedures for assessing environmentally and socioeconomically complex issues.

Published
2023
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