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We estimated rates of breeding philopatry and complementary dispersal within the Queen Maud Gulf metapopulation of Ross’s Geese (Chen rossii) using multistate modeling of neckband observations at five breeding colonies, 1999–2003. Probability of philopatry was female–biased, but varied among colonies. Probabilies of annual movement among breeding colonies ranged 0.02 to 0.14 for females and 0.12 to 0.38 for males and was substantially higher than expected. These estimates (1) underscore the potential for dispersal to alter breeding distribution, (2) demonstrates that the influence of immigration on colony–specific rates of population growth is nontrivial, and (3) provides behavioral evidence for extensive gene flow among subpopulations. Sex differences in apparent survival estimated from multistate models likely resulted from a combination of higher rates of neckband loss by males compared to females, and higher rates of permanent emigration by males from our study area.

The influence of wave force linearisation methods on fatigue damage predictions for jack-up rigs is investigated, using Sesam software as the basis for comparison. The possible risk of significantly underpredicting fatigue damage is highlighted. Dynamic spectral fatigue analysis methodology is applied to a representative jack-up rig in 30 and 70 m water depth in the North Sea. Transfer functions are computed using two approaches: regular waves of constant steepness with capping of wave height at low frequencies; stochastic linearisation based on a single sea state per wave scatter diagram. It is concluded that stochastic linearisation based on a single sea state per scatter diagram is insufficient to provide an adequate characterisation of nonlinear drag forces for the dynamic spectral fatigue analysis of jack-up rigs. Superharmonic resonance effects, due to nonlinearities associated with variable submergence and drag forces, are found to be significant when computing transfer functions of structural dynamic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many scholars have contended that Ulrich Zwingli separated Christ's person (Nestorianism) owing to an underlying dualism between spirit and flesh. In the early twentieth century, Erich Seeberg and Helmut Gollwitzer argued that Zwingli's eucharistic theology was predicated on a distinction of spirit and flesh. This criticism coalesced in later scholarship with Lutheran polemics against Reformed Christology more broadly, producing the claim that Zwingli's apparent Nestorianism stemmed from this fundamental duality. This assessment of Zwingli's Christology is erroneous because it overlooks the complex relationship of spirit and flesh in his thought and ignores the development in his Christology. Rather than a single driving spirit/flesh dualism, Zwingli presents three distinct spirit/flesh dualities within the domains of anthropology, ethics, and creational causality. None of these dualities exerts pressure upon his Christology to separate the person of Christ. This article investigates the charge of Nestorianism by sampling Zwingli's early and later work. Zwingli's early Christology in The Commentary on True and False Religion (1525) does inadequately guard against Nestorianism by failing to employ the language of "personal union." This Nestorian tendency, however, is not the product of a dualism of spirit and flesh but a foundational commitment to the Creator/creature distinction combined with a reluctance to use non-biblical terminology. Zwingli's christological understanding does not remain static throughout his short career but develops through polemical engagement with both Luther and the Anabaptists. By Zwingli's final work, Fidei Expositio (1531), he presents a Christology devoid of Nestorian tendencies by ordering his reflection around classical Chalcedonian categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the need to reorganize the curriculum and testing procedures in English high schools to meet student and community needs. Topics discussed include allowing students to select major and minor courses of study, vocational education, screening functions of examinations, and employment projections. (DB)