Search

Beginning in the 1990s, private agricultural firms, research institutions, and their political allies began seeking governmental protection from undercover investigations conducted by animal rights activists. Some state governments responded by [...]

The Framers' Coup: The Making of the United States Constitution. By Michael J. Klarman. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2016. Pp. xiii, 865. $39.95.) This study is a history [...]

Cu-exchanged zeolite was investigated in order to determine the location of the copper cations relative to the zeolite framework and to determine which Cu cations are active for the oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate (DMC). All of the Cu exchanged was found to be present as [Cu.sup.+] in sites I', II, and III'.

Aluminum coordination in the framework of USY and ZSM-5 zeolites containing charge-compensating cations {N[H.sub.4][.sup.+], [H.sup.+], or [Cu.sup.+]} was investigated by Al K-edge EXAFS and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Al K-edge XANES of hydrated H-USY and H-ZSM-5 showed evidence for both tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated Al and EXAFS data indicated that the Al-O bond distance for tetrahedrally coordinated Al in dehydrated USY and ZSM-5 as 1.67 Angstrom.

A low-temperature grafting approach using two Cu(super I) molecular precursors ([CuOSi(O(super t)Bu)3](sub 4) and [CuO(super t)Bu](sub 4) and a high-temperature exchange reaction using CuCl were utilized with a mesoporous silica support (SBA-15). This was done to investigate the effects of catalyst preparation on the nature of copper-support interactions and site speciation.

An important goal in catalysis research is the development of synthetic methods that provide atomic-level control over the nature of catalytic sites, providing new and improved catalysts. The results show that proper selection of metal source and treatment conditions can give sites with tailored structures and properties, allowing the atomic-level control.

The article discusses various tort reform initiatives and the U.S. Congress' reported attempt to federalize tort law in the 1970s, focusing on manufacturer liability for defective products, state products liability laws in the U.S., and the possibility of U.S. federal intervention in areas such as insurance law. Federalism, workers' compensation systems, and a division of sovereignty are mentioned. Former U.S. Representative Robert J. Cornell and product liability insurance rates are examined.

Undergraduate pre-law education must prepare prospective law students for the challenges of law school and the law school admissions process. Although law school does not require a prerequisite course of study, it is my contention that the optimal undergraduate preparation consists of interdisciplinary liberal arts education. Such a pedagogical approach allows for students to understand law in the context of society and its practice beyond the theoretical fundamentals taught in most law schools. Many law school faculty favor interdisciplinary education in law school and law admissions officials stress liberal arts education for undergraduates. Accordingly, the optimal pre-law undergraduate education should take into account both interdisciplinarity and liberal arts approaches to law. I highlight some programs providing such undergraduate education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The influence of catalyst synthesis method and Cu source on the activity and selectivity of Cu/SiO2 catalysts for the gas-phase oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is reported. [CuOSi(O  t Bu)3]4, [CuO  t Bu]4, and CuCl were used as precursors to produce highly dispersed silica-supported copper. XANES and EXAFS characterization prior to reaction (but after thermal treatment under He) showed that Cu in the catalysts prepared with CuCl and [CuOSi(O  t Bu)3]4 was present primarily as isolated Cu(I) species, whereas [CuO  t Bu]4 produced 1-nm Cu particles. During the catalytic reaction, the Cu in catalysts prepared from CuCl and [CuOSi(O  t Bu)3]4 formed highly dispersed CuO moieties, whereas the Cu in catalysts prepared from [CuO  t Bu]4 formed a cuprous oxide layer over a Cu(0) core. For comparison, poorly dispersed Cu on silica was prepared via traditional incipient wetness impregnation with Cu(NO3)2. It was found that activity for DMC formation increased with increasing Cu dispersion. The selectivity for DMC formation (relative to CO) decreased with decreasing Cu dispersion when the original state of the Cu was Cu(0) directly preceding reaction conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article presents a study providing direct evidence for atomic-level control over the nature of sites that result from grafting Cu-containing molecular precursors onto the mesoporous silica SBA-15. Supported Cu-containing catalysts have been studied for a number of industrially relevant reactions, but little effort has been devoted to the generation of tailored sites. Reaction of the molecular precursors, as solutions in C6H6, with the surface hydroxyl groups of SBA-15 under inert conditions provided grafted materials, isolated as light yellow powders after extensive washing with C6H6 and drying in vacuo at 323 K. The molecular precursors are presumably well-separated on the surface, as the "OH" site-to-precursor ratios are 12:1 and 8:1 for the 3.5 and 5.0 wt % materials, respectively. The infra-red spectra of Cu-containing molecular precursors with SBA-15 have been represented by a diagram.

Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are among the oldest and most versatile cofactors present in all domains of life. Many bacterial and eukaryotic Fe-S proteins have been well-characterized, whereas the archaeal ones are less studied. Fe-S proteins are particularly abundant and play essential roles in methanogenic archaea. Methanococcus maripaludis is a model methanogen with available genetic tools. Here, we describe the techniques for anaerobic cultivation of M. maripaludis with formate, liposome-mediated transformation, expression and anoxic affinity purification of Fe-S proteins, Fe-S cluster reconstitution, and analysis of Fe-S proteins by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy., (© 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)