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1. Natural language processing with transformers: a review

Author

Georgiana Tucudean, Marian Bucos, Bogdan Dragulescu, and Catalin Daniel Caleanu

Subjects
Transfomers, Natural language processing, Deep neural network architectures, Review, Trends, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks can be addressed with several deep learning architectures, and many different approaches have proven to be efficient. This study aims to briefly summarize the use cases for NLP tasks along with the main architectures. This research presents transformer-based solutions for NLP tasks such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and Generative Pre-Training (GPT) architectures. To achieve that, we conducted a step-by-step process in the review strategy: identify the recent studies that include Transformers, apply filters to extract the most consistent studies, identify and define inclusion and exclusion criteria, assess the strategy proposed in each study, and finally discuss the methods and architectures presented in the resulting articles. These steps facilitated the systematic summarization and comparative analysis of NLP applications based on Transformer architectures. The primary focus is the current state of the NLP domain, particularly regarding its applications, language models, and data set types. The results provide insights into the challenges encountered in this research domain.

Published
2024
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3. Management of a Rare Case of Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysm Associated with a Pancreatic Cyst Complicated by Acute Rupture: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Author

Petru Razvan Dragulescu, Roxana Carmen Geana (Anghel), Mircea Robu, Reza Nayyerani, Cristian Dumitrescu, Anca Dragan, Catalin Vasilescu, Vlad Anton Iliescu, and Ovidiu Stiru

Subjects
superior mesenteric artery, rupture arterial aneurysms, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cyst, Science
Abstract

Superior mesenteric artery aneurysms are a rare pathology, and rupture due to a pancreatic cyst in the context of alcohol-induced pancreatitis is an even rarer condition. The first line of treatment is usually an endovascular approach. We present the case of a 51-year-old male with alcohol-induced pancreatitis, diagnosed with a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm with active bleeding in close contact with a large pancreatic cyst. A covered stent was used to treat this condition. The patient developed hemorrhagic shock 12 h after the procedure and an urgent laparotomy was performed. A second rupture of the arterial wall at the distal end of the stent was observed and in order to obtain distal perfusion, first, an infrarenal aorta to superior mesenteric artery bypass distal to the rupture was performed in order to exclude the aneurysm. Secondly, a bypass originating from the distal end of the first bypass to the distal end of the superior mesenteric artery was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after 10 days. We reviewed the literature regarding the incidence and the therapeutic management of superior mesenteric artery aneurysm complicated by pancreatic cyst. An advanced search on PubMed from 2004 to 2024 returned 194 results and after applying the inclusion–exclusion criteria, 11 publications were selected. Although the endovascular approach is usually the first line of treatment with obvious advantages for the patient, a patient-tailored approach should be made in such cases and surgery could be the first option, when considering that the mechanism of aneurysm rupture is due to erosion of the arterial wall by the pancreatic enzymes. Surgery has the advantage of cyst drainage and aneurysm exclusion and in our case proved lifesaving.

Published
2024
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5. The NHLBI Study on Long-terM OUtcomes after the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MUSIC): Design and Objectives

Author

Truong, Dongngan T, Trachtenberg, Felicia L, Pearson, Gail D, Dionne, Audrey, Elias, Matthew D, Friedman, Kevin, Hayes, Kerri H, Mahony, Lynn, McCrindle, Brian W, Oster, Matthew E, Pemberton, Victoria, Powell, Andrew J, Russell, Mark W, Shekerdemian, Lara S, Son, Mary Beth, Taylor, Michael, Newburger, Jane W, Investigators, for the MUSIC Study, Giglia, Therese M, McHugh, Kimberly E, Atz, Andrew M, Pletzer, Scott A, Lang, Sean M, Payne, R Mark, Patel, Jyoti K, Pignatelli, Ricardo H, Sexson, Kristen, Lam, Christopher, Dragulescu, Andreea, Young, Rae SM, Gamulka, Beth, Krishnan, Anita, Anderson, Brett R, Farooqi, Kanwal M, Shakti, Divya, Parnell, Aimee S, Osakwe, Onyekachukwu J, Sykes, Michelle C, Morgan, Lerraughn, Owada, Carl Y, Forsha, Daniel, Carr, Michael R, Watanabe, Kae, Portman, Michael A, Dummer, Kristen B, Burns, Jane C, Tremoulet, Adriana H, Sharma, Kavita, Jone, Pei-Ni, Heizer, Michelle Hite Heather, Hasbani, Keren, Srivastava, Shubhika, Mitchell, Elizabeth C, Hebson, Camden L, Szmuszkovicz, Jacqueline R, Wong, Pierre C, Cheng, Andrew L, Votava-Smith, Jodie K, Wang, Shuo, Mohandas, Sindhu, Singh, Gautam K, Aggarwal, Sanjeev, Sanil, Yamuna, Bradford, Tamara T, Muniz, Juan Carlos G, Li, Jennifer S, Campbell, Michael Jay, Handler, Stephanie S, Shea, J Ryan, Hoffman, Timothy M, Franklin, Wayne J, Sabati, Arash A, Nowlen, Todd T, and Chrisant, Maryanne

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Heart Disease, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Cardiovascular, Clinical Research, Prevention, Pediatric, Patient Safety, Adult, COVID-19, Child, Heart, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.), SARS-CoV-2, Stroke Volume, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, United States, Ventricular Function, Left, Young Adult, MUSIC Study Investigators, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Public Health and Health Services, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology
Abstract

BackgroundThe Long-terM OUtcomes after the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MUSIC) study aims to characterize the frequency and time course of acute and long-term cardiac and non-cardiac sequelae in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C), which are currently poorly understood.MethodsThis multicenter observational cohort study will enroll at least 600 patients

Published
2022

10. Abstract 13839: Value of 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Predicting Short-Term Cardiovascular Outcomes in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: Analysis of the MUSIC Data

Author

Sperotto, Francesca, Kazlova, Valiantsina, Trachtenberg, Felicia, Truong, Dongngan, AGGARWAL, Sanjeev, Bradford, Tamara T, Block, Joseph R, Buddhe, Sujatha, Dionne, Audrey, Dragulescu, Andreea, Farooqi, Kanwal M, Forsha, Daniel E, Giglia, Therese, Golding, Ian F, Hasbani, Keren, Jone, Pei-Ni, Krishnan, Anita, Lang, Sean, McFarland, Carol, Mitchell, Elizabeth, Moussi, Elias, Nowlen, Todd, Pignatelli, Ricardo H, Pletzer, Scott, Serrano, Ryan, Shakti, Divya, Srivastava, Shubhika, Thorsson, Thor, Votava-Smith, Jodie, and Friedman, Kevin G

Published
2023
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11. A MADS-box gene-induced early flowering pear (Pyrus communis L.) for accelerated pear breeding

Author

Sumathi Tomes, Kularajathevan Gunaseelan, Monica Dragulescu, Yen-Yi Wang, Lindy Guo, Robert J. Schaffer, and Erika Varkonyi-Gasic

Subjects
pear, flowering, MADS-box gene, BpMADS4, fast breeding, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

There have been a considerable number of studies that have successfully sped up the flowering cycle in woody perennial horticultural species. One particularly successful study in apple (Malus domestica) accelerated flowering using a silver birch (Betula pendula) APETALA1/FRUITFULL MADS-box gene BpMADS4, which yielded a good balance of vegetative growth to support subsequent flower and fruit development. In this study, BpMADS4 was constitutively expressed in European pear (Pyrus communis) to establish whether this could be used as a tool in a rapid pear breeding program. Transformed pear lines flowered within 6–18 months after grafting onto a quince (Cydonia oblonga) rootstock. Unlike the spindly habit of early flowering apples, the early flowering pear lines displayed a normal tree-like habit. Like apple, the flower appearance was normal, and the flowers were fertile, producing fruit and seed upon pollination. Seed from these transformed lines were germinated and 50% of the progeny flowered within 3 months of sowing, demonstrating a use for these in a fast breeding program.

Published
2023
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13. Prospective Assessment of Coronary Artery Flows Before and After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Children With a Spectrum of Congenital Heart Disease

Author

Lynne E. Nield, MD, Conall T. Morgan, MD, Simone Diab, MD, Maria Angeles Vera, MD, Kyle Runeckles, MSc, Mark K. Friedberg, MD, Andreea Dragulescu, MD, PhD, Osami Honjo, MD, PhD, Katherine Taylor, MD, Michael-Alice Moga, MD, MSc, MBA, Cedric Manlhiot, PhD, Steven E.S. Miner, MD, and Luc Mertens, MD, PhD

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: Normative data for the effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on coronary artery Doppler velocities by transesophageal echocardiography in paediatric patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are lacking. The objective of the study was to prospectively examine the effects of CPB on coronary artery flow patterns by transesophageal echocardiography before and after CPB in children with CHD. Methods: All cases undergoing CHD surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, were eligible. The excluded cases included Norwood operation, heart transplantation, or weight

Published
2022
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15. Recommendations for Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging of Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography, in Collaboration with the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography

Author

Nagueh, Sherif F., Phelan, Dermot, Abraham, Theodore, Armour, Alicia, Desai, Milind Y., Dragulescu, Andreea, Gilliland, Yvonne, Lester, Steven J., Maldonado, Yasdet, Mohiddin, Saidi, Nieman, Koen, Sperry, Brett W., and Woo, Anna

Published
2022
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16. Management of a Rare Case of Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysm Associated with a Pancreatic Cyst Complicated by Acute Rupture: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Author

Dragulescu, Petru Razvan, Geana, Roxana Carmen, Robu, Mircea, Nayyerani, Reza, Dumitrescu, Cristian, Dragan, Anca, Vasilescu, Catalin, Iliescu, Vlad Anton, and Stiru, Ovidiu

Subjects
*PANCREATIC cysts, *PANCREATIC enzymes, *CHRONIC pancreatitis, *CYST rupture, *HEMORRHAGIC shock, *MESENTERIC artery, *SINUS of valsalva
Abstract

Superior mesenteric artery aneurysms are a rare pathology, and rupture due to a pancreatic cyst in the context of alcohol-induced pancreatitis is an even rarer condition. The first line of treatment is usually an endovascular approach. We present the case of a 51-year-old male with alcohol-induced pancreatitis, diagnosed with a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm with active bleeding in close contact with a large pancreatic cyst. A covered stent was used to treat this condition. The patient developed hemorrhagic shock 12 h after the procedure and an urgent laparotomy was performed. A second rupture of the arterial wall at the distal end of the stent was observed and in order to obtain distal perfusion, first, an infrarenal aorta to superior mesenteric artery bypass distal to the rupture was performed in order to exclude the aneurysm. Secondly, a bypass originating from the distal end of the first bypass to the distal end of the superior mesenteric artery was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after 10 days. We reviewed the literature regarding the incidence and the therapeutic management of superior mesenteric artery aneurysm complicated by pancreatic cyst. An advanced search on PubMed from 2004 to 2024 returned 194 results and after applying the inclusion–exclusion criteria, 11 publications were selected. Although the endovascular approach is usually the first line of treatment with obvious advantages for the patient, a patient-tailored approach should be made in such cases and surgery could be the first option, when considering that the mechanism of aneurysm rupture is due to erosion of the arterial wall by the pancreatic enzymes. Surgery has the advantage of cyst drainage and aneurysm exclusion and in our case proved lifesaving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. The NHLBI Study on Long-terM OUtcomes after the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children (MUSIC): Design and Objectives

Author

Dionne, Audrey, Elias, Matthew D., Giglia, Therese M., McHugh, Kimberly E., Atz, Andrew M., Pletzer, Scott A., Truong, Dongngan T., Russell, Mark W., Lang, Sean M., Payne, R. Mark, Patel, Jyoti K., Oster, Matthew E., Shekerdemian, Lara S., Pignatelli, Ricardo H., Sexson, Kristen, McCrindle, Brian W., Lam, Christopher, Dragulescu, Andreea, Young, Rae SM, Gamulka, Beth, Krishnan, Anita, Anderson, Brett R., Farooqi, Kanwal M., Shakti, Divya, Parnell, Aimee S., Osakwe, Onyekachukwu J, Sykes, Michelle C., Morgan, Lerraughn, Owada, Carl Y., Forsha, Daniel, Carr, Michael R., Watanabe, Kae, Portman, Michael A., Dummer, Kristen B., Burns, Jane C., Tremoulet, Adriana H., Sharma, Kavita, Jone, Pei-Ni, Heizer, Michelle Hite Heather, Hasbani, Keren, Srivastava, Shubhika, Mitchell, Elizabeth C, Hebson, Camden L., Szmuszkovicz, Jacqueline R., Wong, Pierre C., Cheng, Andrew L., Votava-Smith, Jodie K., Wang, Shuo, Mohandas, Sindhu, Singh, Gautam K., Aggarwal, Sanjeev, Sanil, Yamuna, Bradford, Tamara T., Muniz, Juan Carlos G., Li, Jennifer S., Campbell, Michael Jay, Handler, Stephanie S., Shea, J Ryan, Hoffman, Timothy M., Franklin, Wayne J., Sabati, Arash A., Nowlen, Todd T., Chrisant, Maryanne, Trachtenberg, Felicia L., Pearson, Gail D., Friedman, Kevin, Hayes, Kerri H., Mahony, Lynn, Pemberton, Victoria, Powell, Andrew J., Son, Mary Beth, Taylor, Michael, and Newburger, Jane W.

Published
2022
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18. Combined Endovascular and Endoscopic Management of a Secondary Aortoesophageal Fistula after Open Surgical Aortic Repair in a Giant Descending Thoracic Aortic Pseudoaneurysm: Case Report and Review of Literature

Author

Stiru, Ovidiu, primary, Nayyerani, Reza, additional, Robu, Mircea, additional, Geana, Roxana Carmen, additional, Dragulescu, Petru Razvan, additional, Blibie, Oana Andreea, additional, Bubenek-Turconi, Serban-Ion, additional, Iliescu, Vlad Anton, additional, and Parasca, Catalina, additional

Published
2024
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21. The Prevalence and Association of Exercise Test Abnormalities With Sudden Cardiac Death and Transplant-Free Survival in Childhood Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Author

Conway, Jennifer, Min, Sandar, Villa, Chet, Weintraub, Robert G., Nakano, Stephanie, Godown, Justin, Tatangelo, Mark, Armstrong, Kathryn, Richmond, Marc, Kaufman, Beth, Lal, Ashwin K., Balaji, Seshadri, Power, Alyssa, Baez Hernandez, Nathanya, Gardin, Letizia, Kantor, Paul F., Parent, John J., Aziz, Peter F., Jefferies, John L., Dragulescu, Andreea, Jeewa, Aamir, Benson, Lee, Russell, Mark W., Whitehill, Robert, Rossano, Joseph, Howard, Taylor, and Mital, Seema

Published
2023
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23. Pediatric Heart Network Echocardiographic Z Scores: Comparison with Other Published Models

Author

Lopez, Leo, Frommelt, Peter C., Colan, Steven D., Trachtenberg, Felicia L., Gongwer, Russell, Stylianou, Mario, Bhat, Aarti, Burns, Kristin M., Cohen, Meryl S., Dragulescu, Andreea, Freud, Lindsay R., Frommelt, Michele A., Lytrivi, Irene D., Mahgerefteh, Joseph, McCrindle, Brian W., Pignatelli, Ricardo, Prakash, Ashwin, Sachdeva, Ritu, Soslow, Jonathan H., Spurney, Christopher, Taylor, Carolyn L., Thankavel, Poonam P., Thorsson, Thor, Tretter, Justin T., Young, Luciana T., and LuAnn Minich, L.

Published
2021
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25. Natural language processing with transformers: a review.

Author

Tucudean, Georgiana, Bucos, Marian, Dragulescu, Bogdan, and Caleanu, Catalin Daniel

Subjects
LANGUAGE models, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, NATURAL language processing, TRANSFORMER models, DEEP learning
Abstract

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks can be addressed with several deep learning architectures, and many different approaches have proven to be efficient. This study aims to briefly summarize the use cases for NLP tasks along with the main architectures. This research presents transformer-based solutions for NLP tasks such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), and Generative Pre-Training (GPT) architectures. To achieve that, we conducted a step-by-step process in the review strategy: identify the recent studies that include Transformers, apply filters to extract the most consistent studies, identify and define inclusion and exclusion criteria, assess the strategy proposed in each study, and finally discuss the methods and architectures presented in the resulting articles. These steps facilitated the systematic summarization and comparative analysis of NLP applications based on Transformer architectures. The primary focus is the current state of the NLP domain, particularly regarding its applications, language models, and data set types. The results provide insights into the challenges encountered in this research domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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26. Organization of Pediatric Echocardiography Laboratories: Impact of Sonographers on Clinical, Academic, and Financial Performance

Author

Nick Arbic, Maelys Venet, Xavier Iriart, Andreea Dragulescu, Jean-Benoit Thambo, Mark K. Friedberg, Vitor Guerra, Conall Thomas Morgan, Luc Mertens, and Olivier Villemain

Subjects
pediatric echocardiography, laboratory management, sonographers, pediatric cardiology, congenital heart disease, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Echocardiography has evolved the first-line imaging for diagnosis and management of pediatric and congenital heart disease all over the world. While it recognized as essential component of pediatric cardiac care delivery, organization of pediatric echocardiography services is very heterogeneous across the world, mainly related to significant differences in material and human resources in heterogeneous health care systems. In this paper, we focus on the role of pediatric sonographers, defined as expert technicians in pediatric echocardiography. While in some services sonographers are an essential part of the organizational structure, other laboratories operate only with physicians trained in echocardiography. The impact of sonographers on clinical, academic and financial performance will be discussed. Two organizational models (with and without sonographers) will be compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of each model will be evaluated. Different models of care provision are possible and decisions on organizational models need to be adjusted to the demands and available resources.

Published
2022
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27. Genetic Characterization of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Romanian Adult Patients

Author

Voinescu, Oana Raluca, primary, Ionescu, Bogdana Ioana, additional, Militaru, Sebastian, additional, Afana, Andreea Sorina, additional, Sascau, Radu, additional, Vasiliu, Laura, additional, Onciul, Sebastian, additional, Dobrescu, Mihaela Amelia, additional, Cozlac, Ramona Alina, additional, Cozma, Dragos, additional, Rancea, Raluca, additional, Dragulescu, Bogdan, additional, Andreescu, Nicoleta Ioana, additional, Puiu, Maria, additional, Jurcut, Ruxandra Oana, additional, and Chirita-Emandi, Adela, additional

Published
2024
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28. Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Exploring the Genotype‐Phenotype Association

Author

Minh B. Nguyen, Seema Mital, Luc Mertens, Aamir Jeewa, Mark K. Friedberg, Julien Aguet, Arnon Adler, Christopher Z. Lam, Andreea Dragulescu, Harry Rakowski, and Olivier Villemain

Subjects
cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, genetics, hypertrophy, imaging, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of cardiomyopathy in children and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Yet, the association between genotype variation, phenotype expression, and adverse events in pediatric HCM has not been fully elucidated. Although the literature on this topic is evolving in adult HCM, the evidence in children is lacking. Solidifying our understanding of this relationship could improve risk stratification as well as improve our comprehension of the underlying pathophysiological characteristics of pediatric HCM. In this state‐of‐the‐art review, we examine the current literature on genetic variations in HCM and their association with outcomes in children, discuss the current approaches to identifying cardiovascular phenotypes in pediatric HCM, and explore possible avenues that could improve sudden cardiac death risk assessment.

Published
2022
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31. Challenges With Left Ventricular Functional Parameters: The Pediatric Heart Network Normal Echocardiogram Database

Author

Burns, Kristin, Kaltman, Jonathan, Pearson, Gail, Pemberton, Victoria, Stylianou, Mario, Mahony, Lynn, Chen, Shan, Colan, Steven, Gallagher, Dianne, Gerstenberger, Eric, Gongwer, Russell, Granger, Suzanne, Keosaian, Julia, Langley, Susanne, Lin, Lina, Mansolf, Tammi, Moine, Stephanie, Morrison, Andrew, Nelson, Katelyn, Ni, Brenda, Ortiz, Janet, Pober, David, Pucillo, Michelle, Stark, Paul, Toomey, Christiana, Trachtenberg, Felicia, Winrich, Barbara, Schwartz, Steven, Golding, Fraser, McCrindle, Brian, Dragulescu, Andreea, Radojewski, Elizabeth, Mital, Seema, Walter, Patricia, Slorach, Cameron, Newburger, Jane, Triedman, John, Prakash, Ashwin, Levine, Jami, Paridon, Stephen, Cohen, Meryl, Goldberg, David, Morrison, Tonia, Atz, Andrew M., Graham, Eric, Taylor, Carolyn, Chowdhury, Shahryar, Infinger, Patricia, LuAnn Minich, L., Williams, Richard V., Truong, Dongngan T., Lambert, Linda M., Shearrow, Marian E., Stanton, Belva, Goldberg, Caren, Ohye, Richard, van der Velde, Mary E., Welch, Suzanne, Cnota, James F., Hamstra, Michelle, Ash, Kathleen, Sticka, Joshua, Payne, Mark, Cordes, Timothy, Swan, Liz, Mahle, William, Friedman, Heather S., Clark, Laurie J., Sachdeva, Ritu, Penny, Daniel, Pignatelli, Ricardo, Garuba, David, Altman, Carolynn, Richmond, Marc, Lai, Wyman, Korsin, Rosalind, Anderson, Brett, Thankavel, Poonam Punjwani, Carron, Hollie, Ginde, Salil, Otto, Michelle, Frommelt, Michele, Markham, Larry, Parra, David A., Soslow, Jonathan H., Young, Luciana, Camarda, Joseph, Duffy, Elise, Van't Hof, Kathleen, Lewin, Mark, Lester, Joel, Bhat, Aarti H., Payne, Amy, Srivastava, Shubhika, Lytrivi, Irene, Ko, Helen, Mahgerefteh, Joseph, Lopez, Leo, Balem, Kelly Ann, Sable, Craig, Spurney, Christopher, Frommelt, Peter, Stelter, Jessica, Hartsig, Hannah, Artman, Michael, Rao, Anu, Eidem, Ben, Matherne, G. Paul, Feltes, Timothy, Johnson, Julie, Krischer, Jeffrey P., McBride, Patrick, Kugler, John, Evans, Frank, Driscoll, David, Galantowicz, Mark, Hunsberger, Sally, Knight, Thomas, Taylor, Holly, Frommelt, Peter C., Minich, L. LuAnn, Trachtenberg, Felicia L., Altmann, Karen, Cohen, Meryl S., Colan, Steven D., Frommelt, Michele A., Johnson, Tiffanie R., Kovalchin, John P., Nutting, Arni, Pearson, Gail D., Soriano, Brian D., Statile, Christopher J., Thankavel, Poonam P., and Tierney, E. Seda

Published
2019
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37. The Impact of the Left Ventricle on Right Ventricular Function and Clinical Outcomes in Infants with Single–Right Ventricle Anomalies up to 14 Months of Age

Author

Cohen, Meryl S., Dagincourt, Nicholas, Zak, Victor, Baffa, Jeanne Marie, Bartz, Peter, Dragulescu, Andreea, Dudlani, Gul, Henderson, Heather, Krawczeski, Catherine D., Lai, Wyman W., Levine, Jami C., Lewis, Alan B., McCandless, Rachel T., Ohye, Richard G., Owens, Sonal T., Schwartz, Steven M., Slesnick, Timothy C., Taylor, Carolyn L., and Frommelt, Peter C.

Published
2018
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40. Non-Markovian qubit dynamics in a thermal field bath: Relaxation, decoherence and entanglement

Author

Shresta, S., Anastopoulos, C., Dragulescu, A., and Hu, B. L.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

We study the non-Markovian dynamics of a qubit made up of a two-level atom interacting with an electromagnetic field (EMF) initially at finite temperature. Unlike most earlier studies where the bath is assumed to be fixed, we study the coherent evolution of the combined qubit-EMF system, thus allowing for the back-action from the bath on the qubit and the qubit on the bath in a self-consistent manner. In this way we can see the development of quantum correlations and entanglement between the system and its environment, and how that affects the decoherence and relaxation of the system. We find non-exponential decay for both the diagonal and non-diagonal matrix elements of the qubit's reduced density matrix in the pointer basis. From the diagonal elements we see the qubit relaxes to thermal equilibrium with the bath. From the non-diagonal elements, we see the decoherence rate beginning at the usually predicted thermal rate, but changing to the zero temperature decoherence rate as the qubit and bath become entangled. These two rates are comparable, as was shown before in the zero temperature case [C. Anastopoulos and B. L. Hu, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 62} (2000) 033821]. On the entanglement of a qubit with the EMF under this type of resonant coupling we calculated, for the qubit reduced density matrix, the fidelity and the von Neumann entropy, which is a measure of the purity of the density matrix. The present more accurate non-Markovian calculations predict lower loss of fidelity and purity as compared with the Markovian results. Generally speaking, with the inclusion of quantum correlations between the qubit and its environment, the non-Markovian processes tend to slow down the drive of the system to equilibrium, prolonging the decoherence and better preserving the fidelity and purity of the system.

Published
2004
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41. Applications of physics to economics and finance: Money, income, wealth, and the stock market

Author

Dragulescu, Adrian A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantitative Finance - General Finance
Abstract

Several problems arising in Economics and Finance are analyzed using concepts and quantitative methods from Physics. Here is the abridged abstact: Chapter 1: By analogy with energy, the equilibrium probability distribution of money must follow the exponential Boltzmann-Gibbs law characterized by an effective temperature equal to the average amount of money per economic agent. A thermal machine which extracts a monetary profit can be constructed between two economic systems with different temperatures. Chapter 2: Using data from several sources, it is found that the distribution of income is described for the great majority of population by an exponential distribution, whereas the high-end tail follows a power law. The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were calculated and are shown to be in good agreement with both income and wealth data sets. Chapter 3: The Heston model where stock-price dynamics is governed by a geometrical (multiplicative) Brownian motion with stochastic variance is studied. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is solved exactly. Integrating out the variance, an analytic formula for the time-dependent probability distribution of stock price changes (returns) is found. The formula is in excellent agreement with the Dow-Jones index for the time lags from 1 to 250 trading days., Comment: 30 pages, 30 figures. Ph.D. thesis in physics defended on May 15, 2002 at the University of Maryland. Covers cond-mat/0001432, cond-mat/0008305, cond-mat/0103544, cond-mat/0203046, cond-mat/0211175, and contains extra material. v.2: spelling of a name is corrected

Published
2003

42. Impact of Udenafil on Echocardiographic Indices of Single Ventricle Size and Function in FUEL Study Participants

Author

Michael V, Di Maria, David J, Goldberg, Victor, Zak, Chenwei, Hu, Adam M, Lubert, Andreea, Dragulescu, Andrew S, Mackie, Andrew, McCrary, Angela, Weingarten, Anitha, Parthiban, Benjamin, Goot, Bryan H, Goldstein, Carolyn, Taylor, Christopher, Lindblade, Christopher J, Petit, Christopher, Spurney, David M, Harrild, Elaine M, Urbina, Eleanor, Schuchardt, Gi, Beom Kim, Ja, Kyoung Yoon, Jamie N, Colombo, Matthew D, Files, Megan, Schoessling, Peter, Ermis, Pierre C, Wong, Ruchira, Garg, Sara K, Swanson, Shaji C, Menon, Shubhika, Srivastava, Thor, Thorsson, Tiffanie R, Johnson, Usha S, Krishnan, Stephen M, Paridon, and Peter C, Frommelt

Subjects
Sulfonamides, Pyrimidines, Echocardiography, Diastole, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Ventricular Function, Left
Abstract

Background: The FUEL trial (Fontan Udenafil Exercise Longitudinal) demonstrated statistical improvements in exercise capacity following 6 months of treatment with udenafil (87.5 mg po BID). The effect of udenafil on echocardiographic measures of single ventricle function in this cohort has not been studied. Methods: The 400 enrolled participants were randomized 1:1 to udenafil or placebo. Protocol echocardiograms were obtained at baseline and 26 weeks after initiation of udenafil/placebo. Linear regression compared change from baseline indices of single ventricle systolic, diastolic and global function, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and mean Fontan fenestration gradient in the udenafil cohort versus placebo, controlling for ventricular morphology (left ventricle versus right ventricle/other) and baseline value. Results: The udenafil participants (n=191) had significantly improved between baseline and 26 weeks visits compared to placebo participants (n=195) in myocardial performance index ( P =0.03, adjusted mean difference [SE] of changes between groups −0.03[0.01]), atrioventricular valve inflow peak E ( P =0.009, 3.95 [1.50]), and A velocities ( P =0.034, 3.46 [1.62]), and annular Doppler tissue imaging-derived peak e′ velocity ( P =0.008, 0.60[0.23]). There were no significant differences in change in single ventricle size, systolic function, atrioventricular valve regurgitation severity, or mean fenestration gradient. Participants with a dominant left ventricle had significantly more favorable baseline values of indices of single ventricle size and function (lower volumes and areas, E/e′ ratio, systolic:diastolic time and atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and higher annular s′ and e′ velocity). Conclusions: FUEL participants who received udenafil demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in some global and diastolic echo indices. Although small, the changes in diastolic function suggest improvement in pulmonary venous return and/or augmented ventricular compliance, which may help explain improved exercise performance in that cohort. Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT02741115.

Published
2023

43. Statistical Mechanics of Money, Income, and Wealth: A Short Survey

Author

Dragulescu, Adrian A. and Yakovenko, Victor M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantitative Finance - General Finance
Abstract

In this short paper, we overview and extend the results of our papers cond-mat/0001432, cond-mat/0008305, and cond-mat/0103544, where we use an analogy with statistical physics to describe probability distributions of money, income, and wealth in society. By making a detailed quantitative comparison with the available statistical data, we show that these distributions are described by simple exponential and power-law functions., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures with 6 eps files, requires AIP proceedings style (enclosed). Submitted to the proceedings of the 7th Granada seminar

Published
2002
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44. Probability distribution of returns in the Heston model with stochastic volatility

Author

Dragulescu, Adrian A. and Yakovenko, Victor M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantitative Finance - Statistical Finance
Abstract

We study the Heston model, where the stock price dynamics is governed by a geometrical (multiplicative) Brownian motion with stochastic variance. We solve the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation exactly and, after integrating out the variance, find an analytic formula for the time-dependent probability distribution of stock price changes (returns). The formula is in excellent agreement with the Dow-Jones index for the time lags from 1 to 250 trading days. For large returns, the distribution is exponential in log-returns with a time-dependent exponent, whereas for small returns it is Gaussian. For time lags longer than the relaxation time of variance, the probability distribution can be expressed in a scaling form using a Bessel function. The Dow-Jones data for 1982-2001 follow the scaling function for seven orders of magnitude., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX 4. V.2: substantial revision - new figures, sections, and references; V.3: accepted to Quantitative Finance, minor corrections

Published
2002

45. Exponential and power-law probability distributions of wealth and income in the United Kingdom and the United States

Author

Dragulescu, Adrian and Yakovenko, Victor M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantitative Finance - General Finance
Abstract

We present the data on wealth and income distributions in the United Kingdom, as well as on the income distributions in the individual states of the USA. In all of these data, we find that the great majority of population is described by an exponential distribution, whereas the high-end tail follows a power law. The distributions are characterized by a dimensional scale analogous to temperature. The values of temperature are determined for the UK and the USA, as well as for the individual states of the USA., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, elsart.cls. Submitted to Physica A, proceedings of NATO workshop Applications of Physics in Economic Modeling, Prague, February 2001. V.2: minor stylistic expansion

Published
2001
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46. Risk of Sudden Death in Patients With RASopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Author

Aine Lynch, Mark Tatangelo, Sachin Ahuja, Chun-Po Steve Fan, Sandar Min, Myriam Lafreniere-Roula, Tanya Papaz, Vivian Zhou, Kathryn Armstrong, Peter F. Aziz, Lee N. Benson, Ryan Butts, Andreea Dragulescu, Letizia Gardin, Justin Godown, Aamir Jeewa, Paul F. Kantor, Beth D. Kaufman, Ashwin K. Lal, John J. Parent, Marc Richmond, Mark W. Russell, Seshadri Balaji, Elizabeth A. Stephenson, Chet Villa, John L. Jefferies, Robert Whitehill, Jennifer Conway, Taylor S. Howard, Stephanie J. Nakano, Joseph Rossano, Robert G. Weintraub, and Seema Mital

Subjects
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2023
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48. Evidence for the exponential distribution of income in the USA

Author

Dragulescu, Adrian and Yakovenko, Victor M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantitative Finance - General Finance
Abstract

Using tax and census data, we demonstrate that the distribution of individual income in the USA is exponential. Our calculated Lorenz curve without fitting parameters and Gini coefficient 1/2 agree well with the data. From the individual income distribution, we derive the distribution function of income for families with two earners and show that it also agrees well with the data. The family data for the period 1947-1994 fit the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient 3/8=0.375 calculated for two-earners families., Comment: 4 pages, including 5 figures. Uses Springer Verlag style classes for Eur. Phys. J. B (included). Submitted to the proceedings of APFA2 conference. V.2: minor stylistic improvements

Published
2000
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49. Statistical mechanics of money

Author

Dragulescu, Adrian and Yakovenko, Victor M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantitative Finance - General Finance
Abstract

In a closed economic system, money is conserved. Thus, by analogy with energy, the equilibrium probability distribution of money must follow the exponential Gibbs law characterized by an effective temperature equal to the average amount of money per economic agent. We demonstrate how the Gibbs distribution emerges in computer simulations of economic models. Then we consider a thermal machine, in which the difference of temperatures allows one to extract a monetary profit. We also discuss the role of debt, and models with broken time-reversal symmetry for which the Gibbs law does not hold., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX. V.4: final version accepted to Eur. Phys. J. B: few stylistic revisions and additional references

Published
2000
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50. Systematic Approach to Malalignment Type Ventricular Septal Defects

Author

Shi‐Joon Yoo, Mika Saito, Nabil Hussein, Fraser Golding, Hyun Woo Goo, Whal Lee, Christopher Z. Lam, Mike Seed, and Andreea Dragulescu

Subjects
double outlet right ventricle, malalignment, overriding, straddling, ventricular septal defect, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Abstract Various congenital heart diseases are associated with malalignment of a part of the ventricular septum. Most commonly, the outlet septum is malaligned toward the right or left ventricle. Less commonly, the whole or a major part of the ventricular septum is malaligned in relation to the atrial septal plane. Although the pathological conditions associated with ventricular septal malalignment have been well recognized, the descriptions are often confusing and sometimes incorrect. In this pictorial essay, we introduce our systematic approach to the assessment of malalignment type ventricular septal defects with typical case examples. The systematic approach comprises description of the essential features of malalignment, including the following: (1) the malaligned part of the ventricular septum, (2) the reference structure, (3) the mechanism of malalignment, (4) the direction of malalignment, and (5) the severity of malalignment.

Published
2020
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