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Energy and biochar (BCH) are produced from vegetable biomass, with thermo-chemical processes, without residues and with negative CO2 emissions. Quality BCH with molar ratios O/H <0.2 and H/C < 0.2 contains at least 40% of biomass carbon, has 33% of input energy, is porous with a specific surface area of 150 – 400 m2/g.bc and has many non-energy uses. BCH with 10% moisture can be stored long-term as a carbon and energy stock. BCH as an agricultural amendment cheaply sequesters CO2 in the long term and ensures increased horticultural production. A stock of BCH ensures the production of cheap electricity and heat, when and as much as needed, with zero or negative CO2 emissions, without or with low-capacity electric storage. Low-volatile BCH gasified in miniCHP unit produces electricity with 30% efficiency and thermal energy with 56%. For a CO2 emission below zero, a maximum of 70% of the biochar produced is gasified. From the gasification of BCH with O2 and H2O, gas.bc is obtained as a cheap substitute for natural gas for local use in smart hybrid energy mini-grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vineyard residual biomass is obtained that can be used locally to produce electricity, heat and biochar, when and as much as necessary, so necessary in this state of actual energy crisis. In RO 2021, 160000 ha were cultivated with vines and a minimum of 0.274 Tg.br.db dry vine ropes with an energy potential of 1.45 TWh/year would be collected. In farms from vine prunings, chopped and dried, with CHP equipment is produced electricity for own use with an efficiency of 19% and a thermal energy with efficiency of 52%. With CHAB systems heat and biocar is produced, biocar is used as an agricultural amendment or is gasified to produce gas.bc that can locally replace natural gas, or electricity production with a CHP. The vineyard activity is seasonal, the collection and storage of biomass for energy use is an investment and lockup of capital, recoverable through lower costs and the supply of energy when and as much as needed. Ecological variants with energy and economic efficiency are analyzed. Chopped and dried vine prunings as well as biochar represent an energy stock that can be used when and as much as needed in wine growing units to ensure safe and economical operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an energy system solution in which the heat energy required to get domestic hot water needed for a family home is obtained by the cumulative conversion of energy from 2 renewable sources: solar energy and biomass energy. Compared to the classic variants of thermal systems, which exploit a single source and provide only partially the energy needed, the combined use consists of energy supply from one source when the other is unavailable or insufficient. In the present case, when the domestic hot water requirement is no longer covered by the solar thermal panels (consumption during the night, days without sun or temporary consumption higher than the usual one), energy from biomass is used in the same system. It is converted to thermal energy using a generator where the gasification module uses the TLUD process. In addition to a higher yield of biomass, this process allows the use of a wide range of biomass types, existing in rural areas. The article presents the results obtained from the experimentation of the system that uses 4 solar panels and a thermal energy generator with a power of approx. 10 kW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]