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The exhibition titled “The map of Croatia made by Stjepan Glavač” was held on 16th September 2021 at Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and organized by the Metropolitan Library of the Archdiocese of Zagreb and the Croatian State Archives. This exhibition was arranged on the occasion of completion of conservation-restoration activities of the oldest map of Croatia from 1673, made by the famous Jesuit Stjepan Glavač. He is among the first Croatian cartographers from the 17th century who, acting under the strong influence of the European science and culture, strongly promoted Croatian national interests. Glavač, apart from contributing to geographical information about Croatia, he also contributed to dissemination of the historical truth about Croatia and the development of the awareness and the need for the integration of the Croatian lands. The aim of conservation-restoration activities was to prepare this map to be exhibited at exhibitions, to design and make protective case which will be used for the exhibitions, to set up exhibition conditions, to make a replica and to research all aspects of this map, such as historical, cartographic, geographical, librarian, material and conservation-restoration. The exhibition presented all aspects of the map research and the conservation-restoration activities. The map itself was equipped with the exhibition equipment which allows the full view of the map without the possibility of the damage in the way that it is exposed, under the angle of 30° with the protective transparent foil. Beside the original, the replica of the map was also exposed, which later replaced the original at the exhibition, since the original was exposed only for a short period of time because of its fragility.

V okviru disertacije obravnavana Valvasorjeva knjizˇnica se je izkazala kot dober reprezentativni vzorec za nedestruktivne raziskave papirja iz 17. stoletja. Nedestruktivne analize so bile opravljene na 144 listih papirjev iz Valvasorjeve zbirke. Za boljsˇe razumevanje lastnosti zgodovinskega papirja so bile na 10-ih fragmentih papirja, iz obdobja od 16. do 19. stoletja, izvedene tudi destruktivne analize. Delo je razdeljeno na dva velika sklopa, teoreticˇni in eksperimentalni del. V teoreticˇnem delu je predstavljen zˇivljenjepis barona Ivana Waikharda Valvasorja, njegova zˇivljenjski pot, zbirateljska strast do knjig in grafik ter njegovo delo na podrocˇju tiska in zalozˇnisˇtva. Skozi zgodovino Metropolitanske knjizˇnice v Zagrebu, kjer se sedaj hrani njegova knjizˇnica, je prikazana zgodovina Valvasorjeve knjizˇnice po njegovi smrti. V posebnih poglavjih sta predstavljena zgodovinski razvoj tehnologije izdelave papirja in pregled literature s podrocˇja znanstvenega raziskovanja zgodovinskega papirja. V teoreticˇnem delu je zadnje poglavje namenjeno opisu podatkovnih baz muzejev in galerij, ki hranijo umetnine na papirju, in tehnicˇnih podatkovnih baz, ki se ukvarjajo z zbiranjem podatkov o papirju. V eksperimentalnem delu so predstavljeni materiali, na katerih so bile opravljene nedestruktivne in destruktivne analize, ter naprave, s katerimi so bile izvedene analize. Med nedestruktivnimi metodami so bile na zgodovinskih papirjih izvedene meritve debeline, pH papirja ter opticˇnih lastnosti (svetlost, rumenost, opaciteta in sijaj). Na papirjih iz Valvasorjeve zbirke so bile določene dimenzije listov, odtis sita in prisotnost ter položaj vodnega zˇiga, kar je omogočilo dolocˇiti izvor in surovi format listov. Ugotovili smo, da listi papirja v raziskanih Valvasorjevih knjigah izvirajo iz dveh formatov sita, manjsˇega in vecˇjega, čemur so bili prilagojeni formati knjig. Vecˇina vodnih zˇigov, najdenih na papirjih, je v znamenju grba, en znak pa se najpogosteje pojavlja v izdajah, ki jih je Valvasor natisnil na svojem posestvu v Bogensˇperku. Mikroskopske analize so razkrile prisotnost vlaken, ki so se uporabljala v takratni tehnologiji proizvodnje papirja. Rezultati merjenja debeline in pH papirja iz 17. stoletja so pokazali, da so debelejši in bolj kisli v primerjavi z danasˇnjimi. Na podlagi meritev opticˇnih lastnosti jih lahko razvrstimo med rumenkaste, neprosojne papirje brez sijaja. S pomočjo destruktivnih analiz izvedenih na fragmentih zgodovinskih papirjev se je lahko natančneje določila sestava in lastnosti papirjev. Izvedeni so bili testi obarvanja z reagenti za dolocˇitev vpojnosti, prisotnosti lignina in sˇkroba. S pomočjo vrstične elektronske mikroskopije z energijsko disperzijskim spektrometrom (SEM-EDS) in rentgenske fluorescenčne spektrometrije (XRF) je bila izvedena identifikacija anorganskih elementov, s Fourierjevo transformacijsko infrardečo spektroskopijo (FTIR) pa identifikacija kemijske sestave v organskih spojinah celuloznih vlaken, polnil in premaza. Mikroskopske analize so bile izvedene na dva nacˇina, povrsˇina papirja je bila posneta z digitalnim mikroskopom, morfolosˇka analiza vlaken pa je bila opravljena na opticˇnem mikroskopu. Prevladujejo vlakna lanu in konoplje, v majhnem deležu pa je prisoten še bombaž, svila in vlakna podobna slami. Potrjena je bila prisotnost polnil na osnovi kalcija in prisotnost želatine, medtem ko škrob kot mozˇna komponenta v papirju ni bil potrjen. S pomočjo destruktivnih analiz so bile tako določene različne komponente v fragmentih zgodovinskih papirjev, kar je potrdilo njihovo prisotnost v rocˇno izdelanem papirju v sˇtirih stoletjih. Opravljene analize papirjev so bile podalaga za izdelavo spletne podatkovne baze papirja iz Valvasorjeve zbirke VALPER, ki vsebuje bibliografske podatke in lastnosti papirja. Za vsak posamezni analizirani list papirja so podane njegove dimenzije, debelina, pH, opticˇne lastnosti (svetlost, rumenost, opaciteta, sijaj), opis vodnega zˇiga, njegove dimenzije in polozˇaj, odtis sita ter podatki o papirnem mlinu in izdelovalcu papirja. Valvasor's library proved to be a good representative sample for non-destructive research of 17th-century paper. Non-destructive research and analysis were conducted on 144 sheets of paper from the Valvasor collection. To better understand the properties of historical paper on 10 paper fragments from the period from 16th to 19th centuries, destructive research has been conducted. This thesis is divided into two major sections, the theoretical and the experimental part. In the theoretical part, Valvasor's biography, life’s journey, his collector's passion for books and graphics, and his work on printing and publishing books were examined. The history of Valvasor's library after his death has been followed throughout the history of the Metropolitan Library in Zagreb, where his library is kept today. In special chapters, the historical development of the technology of making handmade paper and a review of the literature in the field of scientific research of historical paper are presented. In the theoretical part, a chapter is dedicated to the databases of museums and galleries that store works of art on paper and technical databases who work with collecting of data on paper. In the experimental part, the materials on which non-destructive and destructive analyses were performed are presented, as well as the devices with which the recording and measurements were done. Of the non-destructive measurement methods used on historical papers, measurements of paper thickness and pH as well as optical properties (brightness, yellowness, opacity and gloss) were performed. The dimensions of the sheets, the paper mold imprint, and the watermark were also measured on Valvasor's papers, which helped determine the provenance and raw format of the sheets. Thus, according to the dimensions of the sheets, the imprint of the mold, and the position of the watermark, it may be concluded that the paper sheets in the Valvasor books subject to this study originate from two paper mold formats, a smaller and a larger one, and that the book formats were adapted accordingly. Most of the watermarks found on the papers are in the form of the coat of arms and one watermark most often appears in editions printed by Valvasor on his estate in Bogenšperk. Microscopic analyses revealed specific fibers that were used in the paper production technology of the time. Optical properties characterized them as yellowish opaque papers without gloss. Destructive analyses of the fragments went deeper into the composition and properties of the paper. Initially, spot tests were performed to determine absorbency, an identify lignin and starch in paper samples. Of the elementary analyses, SEM-EDS and XRF analyses were performed for the identification of inorganic elements in the sample and FTIR analysis was performed to identify chemical composition in organic compounds of cellulose fibers, fillers, and coatings. Microscopic analyses were performed in two ways - the paper surface was imaged with a digital microscope and the morphological analysis of the fibers was conducted on an optical microscope. Components were discovered in fragments of historical papers by destructive analyses, thus confirming their presence in handmade paper over four centuries. Analyses confirmed certain components and did not confirm others, so starch was not confirmed as a possible component in the paper in any of the samples. Elemental analyses yielded a full range of elements in the samples. Part of the identified elements in XRF and SEM-EDS analyses were defined through the composition of the components in the paper. Analysis of paper fibers showed that the dominant fibers were flax and hemp with a smaller proportion of cotton. The dissertation is accompanied by a paper database of Valvasor's collection containing bibliographic data and data on each individual sheet of paper by its dimensions, thickness, pH, optical properties of brightness, yellowness, opacity, and gloss, watermark description and its dimensions, position and imprint of the paper mold, paper mill and papermaker in case there is data regarding them.

Valvasor's library proved to be a good representative sample for non-destructive research of 17th century paper. Non-destructive research and analysis were conducted on 144 sheets of paper from the Valvasor collection. To better understand the properties of historical paper on 10 paper fragments from the period from 16th to 19th centuries, destructive research has been conducted. This thesis is divided into two major sections, the theoretical and the experimental part. In the theoretical part, Valvasor's biography, life’s journey, his collector's passion for books and graphics, and his work on printing and publishing books were examined. The history of Valvasor's library after his death has been followed throughout the history of the Metropolitan Library in Zagreb, where his library is kept today. In special chapters, the historical development of the technology of making handmade paper and a review of the literature in the field of scientific research of historical paper are presented. In the theoretical part, a chapter is dedicated to the databases of museums and galleries that store works of art on paper and technical databases who work with collecting of data on paper. In the experimental part, the materials on which non-destructive and destructive analyses were performed are presented, as well as the devices with which the recording and measurements were done. Of the non-destructive measurement methods used on historical papers, measurements of paper thickness and pH as well as optical properties (brightness, yellowness, opacity and gloss) were performed. The dimensions of the sheets, the paper mold imprint, and the watermark were also measured on Valvasor's papers, which helped determine the provenance and raw format of the sheets. Thus, according to the dimensions of the sheets, the imprint of the mold, and the position of the watermark, it may be concluded that the paper sheets in the Valvasor books subject to this study originate from two paper mold formats, a smaller and a larger one, and that the book formats were adapted accordingly. Most of the watermarks found on the papers are in the form of the coat of arms and one watermark most often appears in editions printed by Valvasor on his estate in Bogenšperk. Microscopic analyses revealed specific fibers that were used in the paper production technology of the time. Optical properties characterized them as yellowish opaque papers without gloss. Destructive analyses of the fragments went deeper into the composition and properties of the paper. Initially, spot tests were performed to determine absorbency, an identify lignin and starch in paper samples. Of the elementary analyses, SEM-EDS and XRF analyses were performed for the identification of inorganic elements in the sample and FTIR analysis was performed to identify chemical composition in organic compounds of cellulose fibers, fillers, and coatings. Microscopic analyses were performed in two ways - the paper surface was imaged with a digital microscope and the morphological analysis of the fibers was conducted on an optical microscope. Components were discovered in fragments of historical papers by destructive analyses, thus confirming their presence in handmade paper over four centuries. Analyses confirmed certain components and did not confirm others, so starch was not confirmed as a possible component in the paper in any of the samples. Elemental analyses yielded a full range of elements in the samples. Part of the identified elements in XRF and SEM-EDS analyses were defined through the composition of the components in the paper. Analysis of paper fibers showed that the dominant fibers were flax and hemp with a smaller proportion of cotton. The dissertation is accompanied by a paper database of Valvasor's collection containing bibliographic data and data on each individual sheet of paper by its dimensions, thickness, pH, optical properties of brightness, yellowness, opacity, and gloss, watermark description and its dimensions, position and imprint of the paper mold, paper mill and papermaker in case there is data regarding them.

Additional file 1. Results of SEM-EDS and XRF analysis.

Susret konzervatora i restauratora arhivskog i knjižnog gradiva i umjetnina na papiru održao se u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu i trajao je od 25. - 26. rujna 2018. Sudjelovalo je 18 predavača i predstavljena je izložba sa 13 postera na temu konzervatorsko-restauratorskih radova na papiru.

Ligatus ljetna škola 2015. održana je 7.-18.rujna 2015.g. u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu u Zagrebu. U razdoblju 7. – 11. rujna predavač prof. Nicholas Pickwoad održao je nekoliko predavanja na temu „Povijest Europskog knjižnog uveza 1450.g.-1830.g.” Drugi tjedan, 14. – 18. rujna, održana su predavanja i radionice na temu “Identificiranje i dokumentiranje strukture knjižnog uveza na području Istočnog Mediterana” a predavači su bili dr.sc. Georgios Boudalis, dr.sc. Athanasios Velios i dr.sc. Alberto Campagnolo. Ligatus ljetna škola pod vodstvom prof. Nicholasa Picwoada ima hvalevrijednu misiju a to je učenje i razumijevanje knjižnih uveza kroz povijest svake pojedinačne knjige. Cilj tečaja bio je pored sadržaja knjige naučiti o povijesti, strukturi i tipovima uveza koji uvelike mogu pomoći u detekciji cijele povijesti knjige, od nastanka do njenog današnjeg izgleda.

Ohranjena kartona za freske katedrale v Đakovu sta dragocena primera risb iz 19. stoletja na Hrvaškem. Prav zaradi zgodovinske in umetniške vrednosti sta bila prevzeta v konservatorsko- restavratorsko obdelavo v sklopu rednega programa Hrvatskega restauratorskega zavoda (Hrvaškega restavratorskega zavoda). Kartona sta bila odkrita na podstrešju Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti (Hrvaške akademije znanosti in umetnosti) v Zagrebu, kjer sta bila vrsto desetletij hranjena v neprimernih pogojih. Pri vsaki izmed faz projekta je bilo treba premagati isto oviro – velikost. Prav zato so konservatorsko- restavratorska dela trajala več let. Prezentacija kartonov javnosti pa ni še povsem dokončno rešena, saj mora biti za njuno predstavitev zagotovljen dovolj velik in klimatsko ustrezen prostor. Verjetno pa bo skrb za zaščito, hrambo in prezentacojo tudi v prihodnje prinašal nove izzive in prav zato je ta projekt tako poseben.

Kartoni za stenske poslikave so zaradi svojih dimenzij in problemov, povezanih s trajnim hranjenjem, redko ohranjeni. Dva izmed njih, izdelana za katedralo sv. Petra u Đakovu (mestu v vzhodni Hrvaški), pa sta vendarle ohranjena. Nastala sta v drugi polovici 19. stoletja. Na dolgi poti od nastanka do današnjih dni sta bila „shranjena“ na različne načine in sta dobila različne poškodbe.Kartona sta sestavljena iz papirnih pol, podlepljenih z drugo plastjo papirja. Eden od njiju je dodatno utrjen z redko tkano tkanino, drugi pa je bil samo ob robovih utrjen z gosto tkanim tekstilnim trakom. Ker so analize pokazale ogroženost zaradi kislosti papirnega nosilca, je bilo odločeno, da drugo plast papirja in tkanino odstranimo. Suhemu in mokremu čiščenju je sledilo podlepljanje celotne površine kartonov z novo plastjo papirja. Vsaka faza je zaradi kompleksnosti dela na kartonu velikega formata (formata kartonov sta enaka formatu stenskih poslikav v katedrali) zahtevala skrbno pripravo.

Na poleđini slike Krist i donator iz Strossmayerove galerije u Zagrebu, koja se pripisuje Lovri Dobričeviću (Kotor, oko 1420. – Dubrovnik, 1478.), do nedavnih je konzervatorsko-restauratorskih radova bio nalijepljen dokument s prikazom genealoškog stabla velikaške obitelji Ohmučević. Važnost povelje koju povjesničari smatraju krivotvorinom 16. stoljeća i njezina povezanost sa slikom, kao i sam izgled dokumenta odredili su specifčan tijek konzervatorsko-restauratorskih radova., Prior to the recent conservation-restoration works on the painting entitled Christ and the Donor, by Lovro Dobričević (Kotor, c. 1420–Dubrovnik, 1478), a document was attached to the back of the painting bearing a representation of the genealogical tree of the aristocratic family Ohmučević. According to the documentation in the possession of the painting’s owner, the Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb, this document on parchment was written by Petar of Istia (Ivelia?) in the 16th c. The significance of the document – considered by historians to be a 16th c. forgery – and its connection to the painting, as well as the appearance of the document itself, determined the specific course of conservation-restoration interventions. Investigation established that the document was written not on parchment, but rather on paper coated with a layer of gelatine. After the document was separated from the facing back of the painting using the technique, its front and back sides were cleaned using a carefully selected method, with the aim of preserving the gelatine layer. Numerous items of mechanical damage, tears, creases and missing parts were restored by gluing it onto a new paper base and, upon completion of the works, the charter was placed in a suitable storage folder.

U priručniku je riječ o mjerama i postupcima koje, može primijeniti svaki kustos, kolekcionar ili crkvena osoba u zaštiti građe na papiru. To su mjere kojima se unaprijed nastoji spriječiti ili umanjiti prirodno ili ljudskom aktivnošću propadanje umjetnina na papiru.

One of the most significant 19th-century wallpapers in Croatia is located on the first floor of the Gozze Palace in Dubrovnik. After frequent changes of ownership, it is now a four-room apartment decorated with French wallpapers. The article describes the conservation treatment of the wallpapers from the "Little Northern Room" where the oldest layer was found.

One of the significant 19th-century wallpapers in the Republic of Croatia is found on the first floor of the Gozze Palace at 2 Guduliceva Poljana in Dubrovnik. Due to relatively frequent changes of ownership, its appearance today is that a simple four-room apartment decorated with wallpapers of French origin. This article provides a review of the conservation treatment of the wallpapers from one of the rooms, known as the "Little northern room", where the oldest surviving wallpaper was found. In 2001 the Croatian Conservation Institute took over the conservation of the Gozze Palace wallpapers.

Zaštita pisane baštine pohranjene u baštinskim ustanovama prilično je složeno područje koje je potrebno sveobuhvatno sagledati iz različitih aspekata, uzimajući u obzir svojstva same građe, karakteristike ustanova koje ju pohranjuju, zahtjeve korisnika, kompetencije osoblja te pravne, financijske, kulturološke i druge okvire djelovanja. Promatrajući tu problematiku iz nacionalne perspektive razvidno je da postoj i brojni dodatni izazovi u traženju sustavnih i učinkovitih rješenja, pri čemu u razmatranje treba uključiti specifičnosti koje proizlaze iz postojećeg sustava zaštite, najnovija znanstvena i profesionalna dostignuća te iskustva iz primjera dobre prakse u svijetu. U izlaganju će se poseban naglasak staviti na prepoznavanje i razradu elemenata koje treba uzeti u obzir pri sveobuhvatnome pristupanju izradi Nacionalnog programa zaštite pisane baštine u Republici Hrvatskoj.