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To perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of treatment with intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with the standard of care for ocular inflammatory diseases.Medline database was searched for causes of macular edema terms in association with intravitreal triamcinolone. The primary outcome of interest included changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT). Pooled summary estimates for primary outcomes were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) either on a fixed- or random-effect model.A total of 8 studies were included for quantitative analysis. Treatment with intravitreal TA showed improvement in BCVA compared with standard of care at 1 month (WMD, -0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.17 to -0.02), at 4 months (WMD, -0.09; 95% CI, -0.15 to -0.03), at 6 months (WMD, -0.13; 95% CI, -0.21 to -0.05), and in CMT at 1 month (WMD, -88.14; 95% CI, -105.86 to -70.43). Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) among patients treated with intravitreal TA was found at 4 months (WMD, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.96 to 3.70), persisting also at 12 months (WMD, 3.78; 95% CI, 2.97 to 4.59), compared with those receiving the standard of care. All outcomes are mostly equivalent at further follow-up times.Intravitreal injections of TA may offer certain advantages over the standard of care for ocular inflammatory diseases, especially in the early stage of follow-up. However, it is necessary to take into account risks and benefits of TA treatment for ocular inflammatory diseases due to possible ocular hypertension elicited, in general, by intravitreal injection of corticosteroids.

platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from whole blood and combining it with thrombin and calcium or other activators to form a coagulum. This coagulum or “platelet gel” has an extremely wide range of clinical healing uses from dental surgery to orthopaedics and plastic surgery in human. Also in veterinary medicine in the last years platelet gel has been prepared in order to speed up and improve the process of regeneration of mesodermal tissues through the release of important growth factors. The literature reports about this report success of platelet gel application in horses. Differently very poor is the literature on canine platelet gel. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the efficacy of platelet gel preparation technique and its use in tissue repair pro- Vol 61, No 6 Comparative Medicine December 2011 558 cesses in dogs. The study was carried on 9 clinical cases of dogs received at our institution. A baseline hematocrit and platelet count was obtained from each in order to exclude coagulation deficit. Then 20 mL of whole blood was drawn from each dog and drained into a sterile citrated tube. Half of the total blood volume was used for the preparation of autologous thrombin. Blood (10 mL) was centrifuged at 180, 800, and 1500 rpm in order to obtain platelet concentrate. Then, a sterile plastic dish was coated with the platelets and the activator could be added to the PRP after placing it in the dish. The gel obtained was then placed over the wound in the different clinic cases. The dogs were checked 15 to 20 d after surgery with different results. In many cases the response was optimal. The main difficulties are given the actual root of the gel, which is made difficult by the absence of mechanical restraint by the tissues overlying. The effectiveness of platelet gel was highlighted particularly in the early stages of the healing process, allowing the activation of coagulation phenomena in a more rapid. In conclusion, it is possible to say that the angiogenic action of platelet gel in promoting nonspecific cellular response would allow its use to facilitate and accelerate a process that also uses other sources of supply (stem cells and others).

La lussazione rotulea è un'affezione di comune riscontro nei cani di piccola taglia. Il malallineamento del meccanismo estensore del ginocchio si rende responsabile di differenti segni clinici classificati da Singleton in 4 gruppi. La Trasposizione della Tuberosità Tibiale (TTT) rappresenta uno dei diversi trattamenti chirurgici della lussazione rotulea. Lo scopo di questo studio clinico è di valutare l'efficacia della TTT ed identificare una possibile correlazione tra il grado di lussazione e la soddisfazione dei proprietari relativamente all'utilizzo dell'arto nell'immediato postoperatorio e nel follow-up successivo

The main scope of this work is to illustrate models in which sustainable farm development could be measured, accentuated primary on ecological function of agriculture. In order to be oriented to sustainable agriculture, certain changes in production and consumption of agricultural and food products are necessary. Reorientation from intensive agricultural production to, more environmentally friendly, multifunctional agriculture is of great importance in those circumstances. One of main principles of maintaining and strengthening the role of multifunctional agriculture is the access to the variety of methods for agricultural holdings development. In that sense, in the purpose of adoption decisions concerning efficiency of environmental protection and improvement, special micromodels are elaborated to evaluate environmental sustainability on farms.