Search

Bauxite deposits formed during the terrestrial phase between the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene periods represent the most valuable bauxites economically in the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP) area. The deposits formed during Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene emersion are present on the entire AdCP. One of the largest and most exploited area is the Posušje bauxitebearing area in western Herzegovina. Geological exploration and exploitation were very intensive between 1950 and 1990, but after that time, exploration was terminated by war events. This work aimed to collect all available data, systematize them into a 3D geodatabase and construct a 3D geological model of Snižnica, one of the most complex districts in the Posušje bauxite-bearing area. The results of this work are a composite geological map, 15 geological sections, and a 3D geological model with structural-kinematic analyses in a 3D environment and 3D bauxite prospection. The structural- kinematic analyses include fault movement analyses, the thickness of Paleogene deposits, which is important for drilling planning, reconstruction of eroded part of the Paleogene deposits in the hanging wall, spatial analysis of bauxite deposit locations, and azimuth and dip angle distribution of the palaeorelief surface. The results indicate that displacements on individual faults range between 0 and 100 m, while the maximum cumulative displacement is estimated to be ≥ 250 m (Pavlin and Šegović 2022). The thickness of Paleogene deposits ranges from 0 to almost 200 m, while the thickness of the eroded part of Paleogene deposits reaches up to 100 m (Pavlin and Šegović 2022). Maps of azimuth and dip angle distribution of the palaeorelief surface and analysis of structural positions of bauxite deposits indicate that a larger number of deposits are in the anticline and syncline hinge zones, which indicates that the depressions in the palaeorelief are partly structurally predisposed (Pavlin and Šegović 2022). The constructed 3D geological model and the conducted analysis can serve as a basis for planning further exploration works, primarily drilling holes to find new bauxite deposits.

Karst aquifers are important sources of thermal and groundwater in many parts of the world, such as the Alpine–Dinaric–Carpathian region in Europe. The Upper Triassic dolomites are regionally recognized thermal and groundwater aquifers but also hydrocarbon reservoirs. They are characterized by predominantly fractured porosity, but the actual share of depositional and diagenetic porosity is rarely investigated. In this research, we presented the geometric characterization of the measured microporosity of the Upper Triassic dolomites of the Žumberak Mts (Croatia), through thin-section image processing and particle analysis techniques. Pore parameters were analyzed on microphotographs of impregnated thin sections in scale. A total of 2267 pores were isolated and analyzed. The following parameters were analyzed: pore area, pore perimeter, circularity, aspect ratio (AR), roundness, solidity, Feret AR, compactness, and fractal dimension. Furthermore, porosity was calculated based on the pore portion in each image. The effective porosity on rock samples was determined using saturation and buoyancy techniques as an accompanying research method. We analyzed distributions of each parameter, their correlation, and most of the parameters are characterized by an asymmetric or asymmetric normal distribution. Parameters that quantify pore irregularities have similar distributions, and their values indicate the high complexity of the pore geometry, which can significantly impact permeability.

Geološke značajke i boksitonosni potencijal Snižnice (Posušje, BiH)

The successful exploration of dimension stone mainly depends on the quality, size, and shape of extractable blocks of dimension stone. The investigated area is in the Pelje&scaron, ac Peninsula (Croatia), in the External Dinarides orogeny, built from thick carbonate succession, characterized by relatively small deposits of high-quality dimension stone. These conditions demand challenging geological investigations in the &ldquo, pre-quarry&rdquo, phase to find optimal quarry location. The size and shape of dimension stone blocks are mainly controlled by fracture pattern systems. In the rugged, covered terrains, it is very hard to obtain a satisfactory amount of fracture data from the surface, so it is necessary to collect them from the underground. Borehole camera technology can visualize the inner part of the rock mass and measure the fracture characteristics. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the digital borehole camera technology provides a quick, effective, and low-cost geological survey of fractured rock mass, (2) statistical fracture distribution parameters, P10, fracture spacing, Volumetric Joint Count (Jv) based on borehole wall survey can reflect the integrity of rock mass, providing a solid decision-making base for further investment plans and dimension stone excavation method.

Biogas digestate use as organic fertilizer has been widely promoted in recent years as a part of the global agenda on recycling waste and new sustainable energy production. Although many studies have confirmed positive effects of digestates on soil fertility, there is still lack of information on the potential adverse effects of digestates on natural soil heavy metal content, metal leaching and leaching of other pollutants. We have investigated the release of aluminium (Al) and chromium (Cr) from different soils treated with commercial digestates high in mentioned potentially problematic metals in a field experiment, while a greenhouse and a laboratory column experiment were used to address mobility of these metals in two other scenarios. Results obtained from the field experiment showed an increase in total concentrations for both investigated metals on plots treated with digestates as well as a significant increase of water-soluble Al concentrations. Factors that were found to be mostly affecting the metal mobility were dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH and type of soil. Metal binding and free metal concentrations were modelled using the WHAM 7.0 software. Results indicated that the use of digestates with high metal content are comparable to use of animal manure with respect to metal leaching. Data obtained through chemical modelling for the samples from the field experiment suggested that an environmental risk from higher metal mobility has to be considered for Al. In the greenhouse experiment, measured concentrations of leached Cr at the end of the growing season were low for all treatments, while the concentration of leached Al from digestates was higher. The high irrigation column leaching experiment showed an increased leaching rate of Cr with addition of digestates.

Purpose The main purposes of the study were to assess the NPK fertilizer value of biogas digestates in different soils and to evaluate the risk of unwanted nutrient leaching. Methods The fertilizer value of digestates from anaerobic digesters was investigated in a greenhouse pot experiment with wheat in three different soils; silt, loam and sand. The digestates were based on different feedstock and had a low, dry matter content. The fertilizing effect of digestates was compared to mineral fertilizer and manure. To investigate the fate of excess nutrients in soil after the growing season, the pots were leached after harvest. A complementary soil column leaching experiment without plants was carried out in the laboratory. Results The concentration of ammonium in digestates provided a good indicator of the nitrogen fertilizer value of the digestates. In the silt and loam, the ammonium N fraction in digestates had a fertilizer replacement value equal to that of mineral fertilizer N, whereas the replacement value was higher in the nutrient poor sandy soil. Digestates often have a ratio between nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium which is not favourable for plant growth. However, the suboptimal balance did not result in reduced plant growth or unwanted leaching from soil. Conclusions The results show that digestates from biogas production based on fundamentally different feedstock are promising as NPK fertilizers. The N fertilization can simply be based on the digestate NH4 + concentration and, at least for wheat production, considerable variation in the concentrations of K and P can be tolerated.

Pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja i boksitonosna potencijalnost područja Dautovca kod Posušja (BiH)

Odobreni istražni prostor arhitektonsko-građevnog kamena "Ljut" nalazi se u Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj županiji, na području Općine Janjina. Istražni prostor arhitektonsko-građevnog kamena "Ljut", površine 6, 0 ha, omeđen je spojnicama vršnih točaka od 1 do 5.

U rasjednim zonama, rasjedima i u otvorenim pukotinama, na više mjesta, uočen je dolomit koji je tektonskim i erozijskim procesima zdrobljen i usitnjen do klasta dimenzija pijeska i praha. S obzirom na tektonsko porijeklo, svrstan je u zaseban tektofacijes nazvan Dolomitni grus. S obzirom da se radi o dolomitu međuzrnske poroznosti, s hidrogeološkog stajališta predstavlja važnu pojavu, jer može u nekim uvjetima utjecati na cirkulaciju vode odnosno pospješiti prihranjivanje dubljih vodonosnika. Hidrauličke značajke analizirane su pomoću Kozeny-Carman-e, Schlichter-ove i USBR-ove empirijske formule. Dobivene vrijednosti hidrauličkih vodljivosti dolomitnog grusa su u rasponu od 1, 31x10-3 do 7, 23x10-6 m/s. Ocjedite poroznosti su procijenjene na temelju odnosa ocjedite poroznosti i srednje veličine zrna (određene na temelju granulometrijeske analize) te se nalaze u rasponu od 15 do 32 %. Rezultati ukazuju da ukoliko je dolomitni grus razvijen u širokom i dubokim rasjednim zonama, predstavlja zone povećane poroznosti i propusnosti u odnosu na okolne stijene te pospješuje infiltraciju oborinskih voda u podzemlje.

In the bauxite-bearing area of Jajce (Bosnia & Herzegovina), exploitation of karst bauxite has occurred for more than 40 years, during which time extensive geological and mining research was also conducted. Here, the geological map of the Jajce bauxite bearing-area (Bosnia & Herzegovina) at a scale of 1:25.000 is presented, accompanied by a geological column and regional geological cross-sections. The map shows the main stratigraphic and tectonic features and positions of the bauxite deposits of the area. This research area covers 343 km2, divided into two structural units with four bauxite districts, Liskovica, Bešpelj, Crvene Stijene and Poljane. The Liskovica-Bešpelj structural unit is tectonically very complex, characterized by W-E trending structures in subvertical, vertical and overturned positions. The Crvene Stijene-Poljane structural unit is characterized by gentle folds and normal faults. The geological map summarizes all the available data and represents the necessary basis for further geological and mining research of the area.

U ovom radu je projektiran dvostupanjski vertikalni koaksijalni reduktor snage 75 kW prijenosnog omjera i = 22, 5. Svi elementi reduktora, vratila, zupčanici i ležajevi dimenzionirani su prema uvjetima zadatka te zadovoljavaju sve tražene uvjete. Vratila su uležištena u stožastim valjnim ležajevima zbog aksijalnih sila koje se pojavljuju u zahvatu zupčanika sa kosim zubima. Proračunati su uvjeti podmazivanja te je izabrano odgovarajuće ulje. Proračun hlađenja pokazao je da ventilator za hlađenje reduktora nije dovoljan. Zbog toga je prilikom ugradnje reduktora potrebno osigurati odgovarajuću pumpu i hladnjak ulja.

The effect of Satureja montana L. extract (SM) and phenolic fraction of Satureja montana L. (PF) on the corrosion behaviour of iron in 0.1 mol L-1 sodium chloride solution was studied by electrochemical techniques, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. The results of all techniques showed that SM and PF contributed to iron corrosion inhibition. The calculated inhibition efficiency values were about 45% for SM and 55% for PF. Results indicate that the inhibitive action occurs via a precipitation of the Fe-complex onto the iron surface which resulting in a decrease of the passive current density. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method was applied to the quantitative determination of iron in solution. The obtained results demonstrated good agreement with results obtained by electrochemical techniques.

Production of biogas and utilization of the resulting digestates as fertilizers has been increasing in Europe in the last few decades. Depending on the feedstock used for the anaerobic digestion process, these organic fertilizers may be a source of different pollutants, such as trace metals. When applied to soils, digestates may influence the natural metal content and enhance the release of metals to the environment since they can be rich in different trace metals and are usually rich in dissolved organic matter. This study focused on investigating metal presence, seasonal variability of their soluble forms and crop uptake in a two-year field experiment, using two different biogas digestates as fertilizers. The use of digestates as fertilizers was compared to cattle manure, mineral fertilizer and a control without fertilizer addition, with respect to the presence and distribution of the trace metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Mn and Mo, as well as Al in the soil and plant. The results of the study showed that both biogas digestates have caused a 10 to 20 % increase in the total soil concentration of Ni, Cd and Cr compared to control plots without fertilizer addition. Application of biogas digestates had only a minor effect on metal uptake in plants. Overall, the selected application rate of 100 kg/ha of plant available nitrogen has had little effect on plant metal uptake and crop quality and the use of biogas digestates was comparable to the use of animal manure.

The growth mechanism and electrochemical properties of an oxide film on AISI 304 grade stainless steel were studied in 0.01 and 0.1 mol L−1 fluoride solutions with different pH values (4.5, 5.5, 6.5) by means of electrochemical techniques. The anodic growth and stability of the oxide film on the stainless steel were characterized using cyclic voltammetry. Potentiodynamic analysis suggests that the oxide film growth occurs according to the high-field mechanism. Electric field strength, high-field growth exponential law constants, ionic conductivity through the film and half jump distance were determined. The electrochemical properties of the oxide film, formed spontaneously at the open circuit potential, were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results showed that the fluoride concentration has more considerable influence on the dissolution rate and the resistance of the oxide film than the pH.

Model studies of prebiotic chemistry have re- vealed compelling routes for the formation of the building blocks of proteins and RNA, but not DNA. Today, deoxynu- cleotides required for the construction of DNA are produced by reduction of nucleotides catalysed by ribonucleotide re- ductases, which are radical enzymes. This study considers potential non-enzymatic routes via intermediate radicals for the ancient formation of deoxynucleotides. In this context, several mechanisms for ribonucleotide reduction, in a puta- tive H2S/HSC environment, are characterized using computa- tional chemistry. A bio-inspired mechanistic cycle involving a keto intermediate and HSSH production is found to be po- tentially viable. An alternative pathway, proceeding through an enol intermediate is found to exhibit similar energetic re- quirements. Non-cyclical pathways, in which HSSC is generat- ed in the final step instead of HSC, show a markedly in- creased thermodynamic driving force (ca. 70 kJ mol � 1 ) and thus warrant serious consideration in the context of the pre- biotic ribonucleotide reduction.

Šire područje u kojem se nalazi i ležište L-1 obuhvaća južne padine Ranče planine, a udaljeno je oko 8, 5 km zračne linije sjeveroistočno od Jajca. Najveće mjesto je Jajce koje je gospodarski i kulturni centar šireg područja. Eksploatacijsko polje ima oblik peterokuta čiji su vrhovi označeni točkama A, E, F, G i H. U morfološkom pogledu, teren je brdovit-planinski, s kotama između 800 i 1 200 m n.m.

This paper presents a new approach to exploring bauxite deposits from underground mining works in the bauxitebearing mines of Bešpelj near Jajce in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the area under consideration, bauxite deposits have been investigated and exploited for over 60 years. Despite the high degree of exploration in the geologically complicated structures of Bešpelj, there are numerous unexplored reserves. Up to now, they have been mainly investigated by drilling from the surface into the borehole network as dictated by legal geological regulations. Due to the increase in depths on which deposits are located and complex structural relationships, such research has become more expensive and less effective. From a geological point of view, the bauxite deposits have developed in the horizontal position. However, longlasting geological evolution from the Upper Cretaceous to the present, has brought deposits in very diff erent structural positions. That is why we fi nd them in an inclined position, in subvertical and vertical, and often in an overturned position. For further research to become rational and effi cient, a new approach of study from underground mining works was developed that will serve for study and then for the exploitation of bauxite deposits.

U ovom radu prikazana je primjena računalnih modela u istraživanju i eksploataciji ležišta boksita i pratećih stijena. Računalni programi za 3D modeliranje ležišta, površinskih kopova i/ili podzemnih prostorija te planiranje istraživanja i eksploatacije predstavljaju temelj za upravljanje procesima i alat za suvremeno projektiranje rudarskih radova. Programski paketi, ugrađeni u kompatibilna računala, imaju široku primjenu u određivanju svih parametara sustava površinske i podzemne eksploatacije tako da je moguće učinkovito i brzo povezivanje geologije ležišta, topografije terena, tehnoloških procesa i ekonomike s pripadajućim vizualnim informacijama i bazama podataka. Računalni modeli prikazani u ovom radu dobiveni su obradom podataka o boksitonosnim područjima kod Jajca.

Three-dimensional (3D) geological models are useful tools in various geological, mining and other engineering activities. Geological model shows stratigraphic, structural and lithologic settings of the study area in 3D space, and serves as a 3D geodatabase for a variety of input data. The study area is one of the bauxite-bearing sites, Crvene Stijene, near Jajce (Bosnia and Herzegovina). During the last decades, a number of geological, geodetic, mining and other data were collected through intensive geological research and mining (exploration), with the aim of finding and exploiting bauxite deposits. Therefore, selected area is a great polygon for the implementing and testing of workflow for the construction of a 3D geological model of bauxite-bearing field and its application in current and future research and mining. Presented workflow includes collection, digitalization, organization and visualization for different types of existing and new data (600 boreholes, geological maps and cross-sections, DEM, structural measurements from the surface, as well as in tunnels and adits) in 3D geological database. For this study, different types of geological objects, fault planes and geological surfaces were modelled with different interpolation algorithms. The constructed model is interactive and it can be easily updated by new input data from current research and exploitation activities: boreholes, underground mining objects, etc. The 3D geological model represents a relevant foundation for planning new research and mining activities. Furthermore, newly found deposits and their volumes can be quickly modelled, contoured and calculated. Presented modelling workflow is applicable to other areas and other mineral resources

U radu su prikazani novi pristupi u istraživanju i eksploataciji ležišta boksita i pratećih stijena kao poticaj za raspravu znanstvenicima, stručnjacima te Investitorima koji se bave rudarskom djelatnošću, sukladno suvremenom načelu održivog razvoja. Pristupi su utemeljeni na prirodnim, tehničko-tehnološkim, ekonomskim i ekološkim kriterijima, odnosno prihvatljivim uvjetima izvođenja istraživanja i eksploatacije mineralnih sirovina. Prvi pristup je općeg značenja i odnosi se na integralno (sveobuhvatno) sagledavanje prostora u kojem se izvodi istraživanje i eksploatacija mineralnih sirovina. Stoga se u ovom pristupu pretpostavlja da se prostor istražuje integralno, odnosno nužno je obuhvatiti sve mineralne sirovine, koje se nalaze u predmetnom prostoru, te razmotriti mogućnost njihove eksploatacije i uporabnu vrijednost. Kao ogledni primjer prikazano je boksitonosno područje Crvene stijene kod Jajca koje ujedno predstavljaju potencijal u pogledu eksploatacije arhitektonsko-građevnog kamena. Drugi pristup se odnosi na način istraživanja ležišta boksita, u smislu vrste i pozicije istražnih radova, što uključuje analizu efikasnosti i ekonomske opravdanosti istražnog bušenja s površine i iz podzemnih rudarskih prostorija. Analizom je, također, obuhvaćen raspored i smjer izvođenja istražnih radova, na oglednom primjeru boksitonosnog područja Bešpelj kod Jajca. U trećem pristupu okosnica je svrhovita sanacija i prenamjena iskorištenih površinskih kopova boksita. Kao posljedica površinske eksploatacije boksita u sjeverozapadnom području Širokog Brijega, ostale su brojne nesanirane površine. Ovdje se javlja jedna poveznica s prvim pristupom, jer se upravo zbog nesagledavanja cjelokupnog geološkog potencijala nije istražila mogućnost iskorištenja krovinskih i podinskih stijena kao mineralnih sirovina. Pored toga, izostala je sanacija i prenamjena prostora zahvaćenog rudarskim radovima, kao obveza investitora prema široj društvenoj zajednici. Za ogledni primjer je odabran najmarkantniji površinski kop Tribošić.

Utilizing dialkylamino cyclopropenimines as hydrogen bond acceptors in tri-substituted guanidines and cyclopropenimines, we computationally designed the most basic superbases possessing intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IHB-superbases) so far. The values of proton affinity in the gas phase range between 296.6 and 306 kcal mol−1, with estimated pKa values in acetonitrile between 35.5 and 39.7. The obtained PAs of five new IHB-superbases surpass the basicity of the paradigmatic P4-tBu Schwesinger phosphazene, whereas pKa values come close to that of P4-tBu. None of the designed superbases contain phosphorus, which puts them among few most basic non-phosphorus superbases desiged so far.

New organic superbases have been designed using the concept of multiple intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Substituents capable of forming strong intramolecular H-bonds were selected on the basis of the energy of stabilization that occurs upon the formation of a complex between N,N',N"-trimethylguanidine and small model molecules. The proton affinities and the corresponding pK(a) values in acetonitrile of the new superbases are examined by Density Functional Theory (DFT). It is shown that N,N',N"-substitution of guanidine with appropriate substituents results in new organic superbases with gas phase proton affinities between 286 and 293 kcal mol(-1), thus being 15 to 20 kcal mol(-1) more basic than parental superbase N,N',N"-tris[(3-dimethylamino)propyl]-guanidine (tris-DMPG), whereas estimated pK(a) values in acetonitrile range between 29.5 and 33.2.

Eksploatacijska polja ugljikovodika Stružec, Mramor brdo, Voloder i Okoli nalaze se u Sisačko-moslavačkoj županiji na području Općine Velike Ludine, Grada Popovače i Grada Kutine, te u Zagrebačkoj županiji na području Općine Križ. Na eksploatacijskom polju ugljikovodika Stružec planirani su sljedeći zahvati, odnosno izgradnja slanovoda, dogradnja pumpaonice slojne vode (PSV) i ugradnja visokotlačnih centrifugalnih pumpi, izgradnja plinovoda i naftovoda, polaganje instrumentalnih i elektrovodova, ugradnja odvajača slobodne tekućine (OST) i visokotlačnog separatora/odvajača kondenzata iz komprimiranog kaptažnog plina (unutar kompresorske stanice (KS) Stružec) i rekonstrukcija sustava vatrozaštite na otpremnoj stanici (OS) Stružec. Na preostalim eksploatacijskim poljima obuhvaćenim ovom studijom, planirana je još izgradnja priključnog plinovoda i naftovoda te izgradnja betonskih temelja i postavljanje kompresora na lokaciji centralne plinske stanice (CPS) Okoli, na eksploatacijskom polju ugljikovodika Okoli. S ciljem održavanja kontinuiteta proizvodnje nafte i plina, u budućnosti se može pojaviti i potreba za rekonstrukcijom postojećih, odnosno izgradnjom novih rudarskih i drugih objekata u funkciji tehnoloških procesa. Izrađena studija o utjecaju na okoliš eksploatacije nafte i plina obuhvaća detaljan opis zahvata i lokacije zahvata, opis mogućih značajnih utjecaja zahvata na okoliš (klimatske promjene, zrak, vodu, tlo, krajobraz, bioekološke značajke, ekosustave i staništa, zaštićena područja, ekološku mrežu, povećanje buke, nastanak otpada, gospodarske djelatnosti i itd.), prijedlog mjera zaštite okoliša i praćenja stanja okoliša.

Soil application of organic residues from anaerobic digestion of municipal food waste and/or sewage sludge may introduce considerable amounts of heavy metals into the environment. In a column leaching experiment, mobility and release of Cu, Ni and Zn were investigated in three contrasting soils (sand, silt, loam) fertilized with biogas digestates of different origin. The effect of commercial digestates, based on food waste and sewage sludge, was compared to that of experimental digestates based on animal manure and whey permeate with or without fish ensilage, as well as untreated manure, mineral fertilizer and an untreated control. Manure and digestates were added to the columns as fresh material at equal amounts of available nitrogen. The experiment simulated high-intensity rainfall over a period of 7 days. In general, soil treated with the commercial digestates with higher original metal content showed less environmental impact in terms of Ni, Cu and Zn leaching than that treated with experimental digestates with lower original metal content and less than when animal manure or mineral fertilizer was applied. Although effects of digestate application on metal mobility in soils were seen in conditions of extreme precipitation, the leached concentrations of metals were below limitations published by the WHO but still significantly higher than that measured for control soils.

3D geological models can be very useful in many geological, mining and other engineering activities. Constructed model should serve as a 3D geodatabase for variety of input data. Study area represents one of the bauxite bearing sites, Crvene Stijene, near Jajce (Bosnia & Herzegovina). Presented methodology includes the integration, digitalization, organisation and visualisation of different types of input data (600 boreholes, geological maps and sections, DEM, structural measurements from the surface and in the tunnels and adits) in the 3D geological database. In the modeling workflow, different types of geological objects were modeled with different interpolation algorithms. Used interpolation algorithm depends on complexity of geological object, character and spatial distribution of input data. The model is interactive which is important because there are constantly ongoing research and exploitation activities: boreholes, underground mining objects, etc. that can be easily imported into the model. 3D geological model represents a basis for planning new scientific research and mining activity.

U radu je prikazana metodologija određivanja 3D raspodjele pukotinske poroznosti u dolomitima. Ulazni podaci za 3D model pukotina dobiveni su 2D analizama izdanaka te mjerenjima na terenu. Primjena rezultata predstavljene analize je višestruka: - kvantifikacija, opis i vizualizacija pukotinske poroznosti u 3D prostoru ; - raspodjela pukotina u ležištima ugljikovodika, uskladištenje CO2 i nuklearnog otpada ; - definiranje poroznosti i toka u geotermalnim vodonosnicima te vodonosnicima pitke vode ; - prostorna raspodjela blokova arhitektonsko- građevnog kamena ; - određivanje raspodjele granulata kod dolomita kao tehničko-građevnog kamena