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X Congreso Geológico de España, 5-7 Julio 2021, Vitoria - Gasteiz, The crustal structure of the Iberian Central System has been studied using passive seismic techniques. We have applied seismic interferometry to a passive dataset through two techniques to generate a lithospheric-scale cross-section of the orogen. The resulting images constrain the structure of the crust below the mountain range and that of its surrounding sedimentary basins. Both techniques provide complementary results. The resulting images reveal that the crust¿mantle boundary is relatively flat, with arrival times of approximately 10 s two-way travel time except in the Central System, where reflectors are located at 12 s two-way travel time. This indicates a clear thickening of the crust below the core of the orogen, resulting, most probably, from an imbrication of the crust. The boundary between the upper and lower crust is found at 5 s two-way travel and it is also slightly deeper below the mountain range., This research has been supported by the Spanish National Research Program (grant nos. CGL2014 56548-P and CGL2016-81964-REDE), the regional government of Castilla and León (project SA065P17), and the Generalitat de Catalunya (grant no. 2017-SGR-1022);Juvenal Andrés is supported by FPI from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant no.BES-2015-071683).

X Congreso Geológico de España, 5-7 Julio 2021, Vitoria - Gasteiz, La estructura cortical del Sistema Central Ibérico se ha estudiado mediante técnicas de sísmicas pasivas. Hemos aplicado interferometría sísmica a un conjunto de datos pasivos a través de dos técnicas para generar una corte a escala litosférica del orógeno. Las imágenes resultantes constriñen la estructura cortical de la cordillera y la de sus cuencas sedimentarias adyacentes. Ambas técnicas presentan resultados similares. Las imágenes obtenidas revelan que el límite entre la corteza y el manto es relativamente plano, con tiempos de llegada de aproximadamente de 10 s en tiempo doble, excepto bajo el Sistema Central, donde los reflectores están ubicados a 12 s en tiempo doble. Esto define un claro engrosamiento de la corteza debajo del Sistema Central, como resultado, muy probablemente, de una imbricación de la misma. El límite entre la corteza superior e inferior se encuentra a 5 s en tiempo doble y es también ligeramente más profundo debajo de la cordillera., The crustal structure of the Iberian Central System has been studied using passive seismic techniques. We have applied seismic interferometry to a passive dataset through two techniques to generate a lithospheric-scale cross-section of the orogen. The resulting images constrain the structure of the crust below the mountain range and that of its surrounding sedimentary basins. Both techniques provide complementary results. The resulting images reveal that the crust–mantle boundary is relatively flat, with arrival times of approximately 10 s two-way travel time except in the Central System, where reflectors are located at 12 s two-way travel time. This indicates a clear thickening of the crust below the core of the orogen, resulting, most probably, from an imbrication of the crust. The boundary between the upper and lower crust is found at 5 s two-way travel and it is also slightly deeper below the mountain range., This research has been supported by the Spanish National Research Program (grant nos. CGL2014 56548-P and CGL2016-81964-REDE), the regional government of Castilla and León (project SA065P17), and the Generalitat de Catalunya (grant no. 2017-SGR-1022); Juvenal Andrés is supported by FPI from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant no. BES-2015-071683).

19th International Symposium on Deep Seismic Profiling of the Continents and their Margins (SEISMIX 2020), 15-19 march, 2020, Australia, In this work, we present lithospheric-scale model of across the Iberian Massif in western Iberia. The image comprises the Spanish Central System mountain range and, the Cenozoic Duero and Tajo basins which bound it to the N and S, respectively. The target area represents one of the most characteristics topographic features of central Iberia; the Tajo Basin has an average altitude of 450-500 m while, the Duero Basin presents higher average altitude 750-800 m. The Central System represents part of the Variscan Central Iberian Zone (southern margin of the Paleozoic Gondwana) which was reactivated and uplifted during the Alpine Orogeny. This intraplate orogen features a thick-skin pop-up and pop-down configuration formed by the reactivation of Variscan structures. Its high topography is the response of a tectonically thickened crust evidenced by 1) the geometry of the Moho discontinuity 2) an imbricated crustal architecture and/or 3) the rheological properties of the lithosphere. A research project (CIMDEF) was carried out in the area and, it includes an almost 330-km long multi-seismic profile acquired using natural and controlled source seismic data. The former consists of two months of continuous recording by an almost-linear array of 69 short-period seismic stations, which recorded earthquakes and, ambient seismic noise. The controlled source data included over 900 stations and a series of acoustic sources. The data places strong constraints on the geometry of the base of the crust. The research effort includes: seismic interferometry (using seismic noise recordings), wide-angle analysis of the controlled source data and, Global-Phase seismic imaging. The latter uses PKP, PKiKP, and PKIKP phases of earthquakes at epicentral distances > 120° and, their reverberations in the lithosphere. The selected phases are autocorrelated and stacked to construct a high-resolution pseudo zero-offset reflection image. Seismic noise interferometry uses the autocorrelation of seismic noise ambient records. These autocorrelations provide an approximation to a zero-offset reflection response of a single station. Both methods are complementary as they rely on different energy sources but are applied to the same receivers locations. The results reveal the geometry of the Moho. Further details on the lithospheric structure is provided by seismic wide-angle reflection images, which reveal a clear thickening of the crust below the Central System resulting, most probably, from an imbrication of the lower crust. Results reveal features that can be correlated in all the images. The crust-mantle boundary is mapped as a relative flat interface at approximately 10 s two-way traveltime except under the Central System, where this feature deepens towards the NW reaching more than 12 s. An intra-crustal boundary is well defined at 5 s. Reflectivity within upper-mantle depths is scattered throughout the profile, located between 13-18 s, and probably related with the Hales discontinuity., Funding resources: EU EIT-RawMaterials Ref: 17024_20170331_92304; MINECO: CGL2016-81964-REDE CGL2014-56548-P: JCYL: SA065P17)

Cells succumbing to stress via regulated cell death (RCD) can initiate an adaptive immune response associated with immunological memory, provided they display sufficient antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Moreover, multiple intracellular and microenvironmental features determine the propensity of RCD to drive adaptive immunity. Here, we provide an updated operational definition of immunogenic cell death (ICD), discuss the key factors that dictate the ability of dying cells to drive an adaptive immune response, summarize experimental assays that are currently available for the assessment of ICD in vitro and in vivo, and formulate guidelines for their interpretation.

AGU Fall Meeting 2019 in San Francisco, 9-13 december 2019, The Spanish Central System is an intraplate mountain range dividing the Iberian Inner Plateau in two sectors ¿ the Duero Basin (N) and, the Tajo Basin (S). The latter has an average altitude of 450-500 m while the former presents a higher average altitude 750-800 m. This intraplate orogen features a thick-skin pop-up and pop-down configuration formed by the reactivation of Variscan structures. Its high topography is the response of a tectonically thickened crust evidenced by 1) the geometry of the Moho discontinuity 2) an imbricated crustal architecture and/or 3) the rheological properties of the lithosphere. Research has been carried out to build a lithospheric-scale model across the orogen. A 400 km long multi-seismic transect has been acquired using natural and controlled source seismic data. The earthquakes and seismic noise data was acquired over a period of one to two months of continuous recording along a linear array (69 short-period seismic stations). The controlled source data included over 1000 stations and a series of acoustic sources. This effort has delineated the geometry of the base of the crust by: Global-Phase Seismic and, conventional noise interferometry, and, wide-angle imaging. The Global Phase approach used PK, PKiKP and PKIKP phases of earthquakes (> 120° epicentral distance). Stacking of the autocorrelations of these phases contribute to a pseudo zero-offset X-section. The application of ambient noise seismic interferometry complements the zero-offset reflection image, defining the geometry of the Moho. Further details on the lithospheric structure is provided by seismic wide-angle reflection images, which reveal a clear thickening of the crust below the Central System resulting, most probably, from an imbrication of the lower crust. Accordingly, the crust-mantle boundary is mapped as a relative flat interface at approximately 10 s two-way travel time except under the Central System, where this feature deepens towards the NW reaching more than 12 s. An intra-crustal boundary is well defined at 5 s. Reflectivity within upper-mantle depths is scattered throughout the profile, located between 13-18 s, and probably related with the Hales discontinuity. Funding resources: EU EIT-RawMaterials Ref: 17024_20170331_92304; MINECO: CGL2016-81964-REDE CGL2014-56548-P: JCYL: SA065P17), Funding resources: EU EIT-RawMaterials Ref: 17024_20170331_92304; MINECO: CGL2016-81964-REDE CGL2014-56548-P: JCYL: SA065P17)

Torfajökull volcano, Iceland, has not erupted since 1477. However, intense geothermal activity, deformation, and seismicity suggest a long-lasting magmatic system. In this paper, we use ambient noise tomography to image the magmatic system beneath Torfajökull volcano. One hundred days of ambient noise data from 23 broadband seismometers show the consistent presence of double-frequency microseism noise with significant power between ?0.1 and 0.5 Hz. Beamforming results indicate microseism noise with persistent higher energy propagating from west and SE directions and apparent velocities below 3 km/s. We use ambient noise seismic interferometry to retrieve Rayleigh waves, and we introduce a method to estimate the reliability of the retrieved surface waves. We find stable estimation of surface wave phase velocities between 0.16 and 0.38 Hz. Azimuthal velocity variations show a trend of higher velocities in the NE/SW direction, the strike of the rift zone intersecting Torfajökull, and orientation of erupted lavas on a NE-SW fissure swarm. Tomographic results indicate low-velocity anomalies beneath the volcano caldera (between ?5% and ?10%) and even lower velocity variations in the southeast and southwest study area (below ?10%), outside the volcano caldera. Low anomalies may indicate the existence of hot material, more prominent outside the caldera outskirts. High-velocity variations (between 5% and 10%) outline the volcano caldera between 4- and 5-km depth and more pronounced velocities (between 10% and 15%) up to 5-km depth in the north of the volcano caldera. We interpret the former as possible caldera collapse structure and the latest as solidified intrusive magma from the old preferred magma paths. ©2019. The Authors.

EGU General Assembly in Vienna, Austria 7–12 April 2019, In this work, we present lithospheric-scale model of a profile imaging part of the Iberian Massif in western Iberia. The image comprises the Spanish Central System and the Cenozoic Duero and Tajo basins which bound this mountain range to the N and S. The Central System represents part of the Variscan Central Iberian Zone (southern margin of the Paleozoic Gondwana) which was reactivated and uplifted during the Alpine Orogeny. This feature and its foreland basins to the N and S represent the most relevant topographic attribute of central Iberia. We have used the data recoded within the CIMDEF experiment which is an almost 300-km long profile trending in NW-SE direction. The dataset consists of two months of continuous recording by an almost-linear array of 69 short-period seismic stations. We have applied seismic interferometry through two technics to construct two independent images of the lithosphere. The first technique is the so-called Global-Phase Seismic Interferometry. We have used global-earthquakes (> 1200 epicentral distance) recordings from the continuous data to extract global phases (PKP, PKiKP, and PKIKP) and its reverberations in the lithosphere. The selected phases are autocorrelated and stacked to construct a high-resolution pseudo zero-offset reflection image. The second technique relies on the application of seismic interferometry to the continuous ambient seismic-noise recordings through autocorrelation. The autocorrelation provides an approximation of the zero-offset reflection response of a single station. Both methods are complementary as they rely on different energy sources but are applied to the same positions of the receivers. Results reveal features that can be correlated in both reflection images. The crust-mantle boundary is mapped as a relative flat interface at approximately 10 s two-way traveltime. However, in the Central System, this feature shows an imbrication and deepening towards the NW. Crustal interfaces are found at 5 s and 7-8 s two-way traveltime. Both techniques reveal upper-mantle features between 12-18 s., Funding resources: EU EIT-RawMaterials Ref: 17024__20170331_92304; MINECO: CGL2016-81964-REDE CGL2014-56548-P)