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Bulgaria, which started its publication life in Istanbul in 1859, is the second Bulgarian newspaper to be published in the imperial capital. Dragan Tsankov (1828-1911), known for his charismatic personality and adopted Catholicism after leaving Orthodoxy in 1855, publishes the four-year-old newspaper with a total of 179 issues, with the financial support provided by France. According to the newspaper, the only way of salvation for the Bulgarian people is through unification with the Catholic church. It is believed that this unification will facilitate the solution of the struggle for the independent Bulgarian church in particular and the process of national awakening in general, and will also make Bulgarians a member of Western civilization. For this reason, it is seen that the pages of the newspaper mostly include articles criticizing the status quoism of the Greek Patriarchate of Fener and the indifference of Orthodox Russia to the Bulgarian church issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eugene Boré is one of the French Catholic missionaries operating in the Ottoman geography in the 19th century. He has distinguished himself especially in the field of education. While teaching and administrating at St. Benoit School of Galata and French College at Bebek, he has signed many important innovations. On the other hand, he has made a number of journeys to Ottoman and Iranian cities, and has written reports on these regions. Besides all these, to write some Armenian books, and to do translate into this language are among his major activities. Boré, as can be seen has followed generally a different line from the classical Catholic missionary. Consequently, he has gained an important place in both our history of education and in the Westernization of Ottoman non-muslims. In this article, it will be described at first Boré's life and school years, and then the activities in Istanbul and other cities. Meanwhile, his views on various issues and events will be included in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]