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Background/Aim. Treatment of periodontitis undergoes several treatment phases. Non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) represents the basic treatment stage, and it is applied to all the patients undergoing periodontal treatment. Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is one of several contemporary and relatively new possibilities with a role to inactivate microorganisms responsible for the occurrence and progression of the disease. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the clinical and microbiological effects of the NSPT alone, as well as combined with aPDT. Methods. A split-mouth method design was used in a prospective randomized controlled trial. The following clinical parameters were registered and monitored: plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The presence of microorganisms Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Samples were tested before the therapy, as well as three months after the therapy. Therapeutic modalities of NSPT and NSPT with adjunct aPDT were examined. Results. All of the analyzed clinical parameters proved statistically significant improvement after the application of both treatment modalities (p < 0.001). Microbiological analyses showed that the total number of microorganisms was statistically significantly lower after the application of both methods (p < 0.001). Following the treatment, there was a statistically significantly reduced number of microorganisms Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Treponema denticola (p < 0.001). NSPT combined with aPDT led to a statistically significant improvement of both clinical parameters and microbiological status compared to NSPT applied on its own. Conclusion. The study showed improvement of all clinical indicators after the application of both treatment modalities. The total number of microorganisms was reduced as well as the number of specific microorganisms. Combining aPDT with NSPT led to a statistically significantly higher reduction in the number of microorganisms compared to NSPT alone.

Background/Aim. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is one of the most commonly used calcium phosphate bioceramics with osteoconductive properties. Growth factors are capable of directly inducing morphological and functional differentiation of neodontoblasts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of HAp-based biomaterial in combination with transforming growth factor-?1 (TGF-?1) in the creation of new dentine and obturation of the root canal apex in the teeth of an experimental animal model. Methods. Rodent (rabbit) teeth were used as the experimental animal model. After pulp removal with a pulp extirpator in vital pulpectomy, the biomaterial was applied using a Lentulo spiral in the apex portion at the level of the physiological foramen apicale. The experiment was performed in general anesthesia. Animals were kept alive for 3, 6, and 12 months after the treatment. The extracted teeth were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. Using SEM, it was found that the number of teeth with newly created dentine and apex canal obturation was greater 12 months after the treatment. Conclusion. Apex obturation of the dental root canal with newly created dentine took place in our experimental groups treated by biomaterial with or without TGF-?1.

Background/Aim. Persons identification and their age assessment is necessary in vast number of cases and there are different methods used for such purposes. Numerous studies indicate that the third molar development could play a crucial role in identifying an individual`s age. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility for estimating the chronological age based on the third molar development stages in children and young adults in the Serbian population. Methods. A total of 570 Serbian patients aged 6?27 years were included in this study. Out of the total number of subjects, there were 248 males with an average age of 12.21 ? 3.91 years, and 332 females with an average age of 12.88 ? 4.06 years. Stages of dental formation were determined on orthopantomograms by comparing with standard Demirjian radiographic appearances. Results. Third molars mineralization occured more rapidly in males than in females. Most of the persons with third molar (the stage H development according to the Demirjian method) were older than 18 years. Conclusion. ?hird molar mineralization stages determination on orthopantomograms is useful additional method for determination of chronological age in living individuals. This finding might be important for forensic studies, focusing on the determination of the legally important ages. Variability among different ethnic groups has to be taken into consideration when applying this method. It is necessary to carry out extensive surveys on a larger sample in order to determine the norms for assessing the dental and chronological age of Serbian population.

Na sednici Departmana za geotehniku na Rudarsko-geološkom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu odobrena mi je tema master rada pod naslovom ”Geotehničke karakteristike molasa okoline Nevesinja sa akcentom na geotehničke klasifikacije”. Rad sadrži 51 strane teksta, 7 tabela i 28 slika. Ovaj rad se bavi geotehničkim klasifikacijama primenljivim na slabe, kompleksne i specifične stenske mase. Tokom vremena su se razvili mnogobrojni klasifikacioni sistemi u domenu geotehnike koji se više ili manje uspešno koriste za karakterizaciju stenske mase pritom se bazirajući na njene strukturne, fizičko-mehaničke i litološke karakteristike. U tu svrhu tokom poslednjih decenija, u oblasti geotehničkog inženjerstva, od strane različitih autora razvijeni su i brojni namenski dijagrami bazirani na GSI klasifikacionom sistemu, a prilagođeni specifičnostima konkretnog tipa stenske mase i problemima koji se mogu javiti u istim. Jedan od takvih tipova jesu i molasni sedimenti, čija karakterizacija i klasifikacija predstavlja suštinsku problematiku ovog rada.

Introduction: Elastic fibers are constituents of the dermal extracellular matrix, determining the histoarchitecture of the dermal connective tissue. Organization and density of elastic fibers change as skin ages. The aim of this paper was to determine the similarities and differences between the photo-aging and the physiological aging of skin by examining organization and quantifying the elastic fibers in the dermis during aging. The material included samples of photoexposed and photoprotected skin, obtained from 90 cadavers aged 0-82 years. The samples were classified into five age groups: newborns, young age, middle age, mature age and the oldest age. Skin samples were stained using the Halmi modification of Aldehyd fucshin staining method, as well as Alcian blue staining (the Spicer method). Volume density (VD) of the elastic fibers was measured using Image J program. Results: In the skin of newborns and young age group (neck and abdomen) elastic fibers appeared to form a network structure. In the photoexposed skin of the mature age and the oldest group, elastic fibers showed tendency to fragment, while the elastic material exhibited tendency to accumulate. VD of elastic network in the skin of the neck in the middle, mature and the oldest age group was greater than VD of abdominal skin of the respective age groups (3.66±0.28%, 5.61±0.22%, 6.24±0.21% respectively). Age-related statistically significant increase in VD of the elastic network in the skin of the neck, as well as a statistically significant reduction of elastic network VD in the abdominal skin, has been observed (middle age - oldest). Conclusion: Correlation of the organization and quantity of elastic fibers with age exhibits different pattern in photoexposed compared to photoprotected skin. A quantitative evaluation of the volume density of elastic fibers correlates with clinically visible signs of photo-aging, primarily with solar elastosis.

Background/Aim. Mast cells are mononuclear cells originating from bone marrow. They produce various biologically active substances, which allow them to actively participate in immune and inflammatory processes associated with periodontal disease. The study focused on distribution and density of mast cells in healthy gingiva as well as in different stages of periodontal disease. Methods. The material used for this purpose was gingival biopsies taken from 96 patients classified into 4 groups: healthy gingiva, gingivitis, initial and severe periodontal disease. Toluidine blue staining according to Spicer was utilized for identifying mast cells. Results. Basing on our study, the density of mast cells in the gingival tissue increases with the progression of the infection, which means they are more numerous in gingivitis compared to healthy gingiva, as well as in periodontal disease compared to gingivitis. Conclusion. Increase in the number of mast cells in the infected gingiva can be correlated with an increased influx of inflammatory cells from blood circulation into the gingival stroma, as well as with the collagen lysis, since these cells produce substances with collagenolytic potential. Based on the distribution of mast cells, it could be concluded that in the evolution of periodontal disease there are significant dynamic alterations in migration and localization of these cells.

Parodontopathy is a complex disease of periodontal tissues. The patological changes that occure here are destructive and lead to gradual or progressive periodontium disease and its anatomical and functional desintegration. The aim of the research was to use the PCR method (Polimerase Chain Reaction) to identify the presence and spreading of the oral pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque in patients suffering from the aggressive parodontopathy and then compare it to qualitative-quantitative structure of dental plaque in patients suffering from chronic parodontopathy. The study included 70 patients, average age of 45. The identification of microorganisms in subgingival plaque was determined by PCR method. In order to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of destruction of periodontal tissue the standard epidemiological criteria were used: plaque index (Silness-Lӧe), gingival index (Lӧe-Silness), SBI index (Mühleman-Son) and DPP. Extremely high statictical significance of presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was obtained in patients with aggressive parodontopathy. The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis showed the difference in distribution in patients with chronic as well as in patients with aggressive pardontopathy. In our sample A.a was detected in a high percentage of younger patients with the diagnosis of aggressive parodontopathy. Higher rate of A. actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque has a direct impact on the course of parodontopathy. Its detection may be a useful marker for identifying the increased risk for developing aggressive parodontopathy in patients of younger population.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease, the pathogenesis of which involves different innate immune system as well as adaptive immune system cells, including macrophages. Macrophages are professional phagocytes whose primary role is ingestion and destruction of microorganisms. Apart from phagocytosis, these cells are engaged in production of proinflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation to T cells, and therefore are considered to be the key cells of the innate immune response. Our study focused on distribution and density of macrophages in healthy and inflamed gingiva with the purpose of evaluating their relevance to pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The material used for this purpose were gingival biopsies taken from 96 patients assorted in 4 groups: the healthy gingiva, gingivitis, moderate periodontal disease and severe periodontal disease. The immunohistochemical staining method based on the use of monoclonal antibodies anti-CD68 was used for identification of macrophages. Our study showed that the density of macrophages is higher in gingivitis and periodontal disease compared to healthy gigiva. There were no significant differences found regarding the density of macrophages in gingivitis and periodontal disease. Grouping of macrophage populations close to partially lysed collagen fibers in periodontal disease indicates their collagenic activity. The increase in the number of macrophages in inflamed gingival tissue could be linked to bone resorption due to the fact that these cells are capable of differentiating into osteoclasts.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable chronic diseases, which is the combined action of genetic factors, environmental factors and lifestyle. Specific conditions occur in the oral cavity in the course of diabetes that cause changes in all oral tissues with different symptoms and signs. Increased salivary glucose level is followed by increased accumulation of dental plaque and decreased resistance to noxious agents. The most common oral manifestations in diabetic patients include higher prevalence of periodontal desease, burning mouth syndrome, disruption in salivary flow, opportunistic infections, higher prevalence of denture stomatitis, oral lichen planus, fissured tongue, angular cheilitis etc. Dental interventions in patients with well-controlled diabetes are not different from those applied to nondiabetic patients. Regular monitoring of these patients is required because of the complications that can occur.

29 - year Lichen planus is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune skin disease, that is often manifested, except on the skin, in the oral cavity in a variety of clinical forms. The prevalence of the disease in the general population is about 1-2%. Etiopathogenesis is not still well understood. Histopathology, in addition to the basic methods, anamnesis and physical examination, is vital for proper diagnosis of oral lichen planus (OLP). Very diverse and loaded histological findings are common for all forms of oral lichen planus. We reported the case of oral lichen planus in a 49 years old male patient, who presented to the Dentistry clinic of Medical faculty of Priština with burning and itching symptoms and changes in the buccal mucosa. Histopathological analysis of biopsy tissue conformed clinical diagnosis of lichen planus. Due to the possibility for malignant transformation of lesions, the long-term follow-up of patients with this disease is of great importance.

Using semi-empirical quantum mechanic and ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations, we investigated changes induced by doping and addition of side-atoms and groups of P2P-P6P oligophenylenes structure, electronic and optical properties. The results are compared to the existing experimental data and results of similar calculations, and the possible implications for the oligophenylenes-based materials applications have been discussed. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. 1st International Conference on Physics of Optical Materials and Devices, Aug 31-Sep 02, 2006, Herceg Novi, Montenegro