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The conditional distributivity, that is distributivity equation with additional restriction imposed on the domain of aggregation operations, is an issue of interest for many different theoretical and practical areas, special for integration theory and utility theory. This paper presents new results on this specific form of distributivity for semi-t-operators over conjunctive uninorms. Since the observed class of uninorms is rather wide and includes not only the continuous case, the presented research is an extension of some well-known results and provides wider classes of solutions.

The issue of distributivity of aggregation operations is crucial for many different areas such as utility theory and integration theory. Of special interest are aggregation operations with annihilator. This paper is focused on the problem of distributivity for some so called associative, commutative aggregation operations with annihilator a, known as associative a-CAOA, and uninorms. The full characterization of distributive pairs for T-uninorms, S-uninorms and bi-uninorms is given.

The issue of distributivity is crucial for many different theoretical areas such as the utility theory and the integration theory. Also, this problem is of high interest for modelling some practical situations from, e.g., fields of economics and social sciences. Thus, recently, the distributivity equations have been studied for different classes of aggregation operators by a significant number of researchers. The focus of this paper in particular is on solving the left and the right distributivity equations between semi-t-operators.

Some clarifications on the role of element e, so called the IFC element, of a T-uninorm are given.

Aggregation operators are an important mathematical tool in a number of areas and disciplines of both pure and applied mathematics. For both theoretical and practical reasons, aggregation operators with an annihilator and aggregation operators with a neutral element are of special interest for researchers. The issue of distributivity of aggregation operators is crucial for many different areas such as decision making theory and integration theory. This chapter covers the characterization of all pairs (F, G) of aggregation operators that satisfy distributivity law, on both whole and restricted domains, where F is a T-uninorm in \(\mathsf {U}_{\max }\) or a nullnorm with the annihilator \(a\in ]0,1[\), and G is a t-conorm or a uninorm from the classes \(\mathsf {U}_{\min }\) or \(\mathsf {U}_{\max }\).

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. The issue of conditional distributivity, which is also known as restricted distributivity, is crucial for many different areas such as utility theory and integration theory. In the present study, we focus on this specific form of distributivity for continuous semi-t-operators with respect to disjunctive uninorms with continuous underlying t-norms and t-conorms. This study extends previous research by focusing on a much wider class of uninorms.

An illustrative overview is laid out in this paper detailing the different classes of binary aggregation operations on the unit interval [0, 1] with an absorbing element. The authors focused on the characterization of specific well-known classes of these operations, including nullnorms, T-uninorms, S-uninorms and bi-uninorms, along with their interaction.

Today, polyester is the most important textile fiber by consumption. The aesthetic appearance, feel and comfort of polyester fabrics can be improved by controlled surface modification, by treatment in alkaline solution. In this paper, the effect of sodium hydroxide solution on the chemical and morphological changes of the polyester fabric is studied and their effect on some comfort properties, such as moisture transport and air permeability. Linear weight loss of fabric with processing time was determined. The roughness of the fiber surface and the incorporation of oxygen functional groups into the fiber structure contribute the modified specimens to have greater air permeability and better moisture absorption and transport than the original fabric. Poliestar je danas po potrošnji najvažnije tekstilno vlakno. Estetski izgled, opip i udobnost poliestarskih tkanina može se poboljšati kontrolisanom modifikacijom površinskog sloja, obradom u alkalnom rastvoru. U ovom radu proučavano je delovanje rastvora natrijum hidroksida na hemijske i morfološke promene poliestarske tkanine i njihov uticaj na neka svojstva komfora, kao što su transport vlage i propustljivost vazduha. Utvrđen je lineran gubitak mase tkanine sa vremenom obrade. Hrapavljenje površine vlakna i ugradnja funkcionalnih grupa sa kiseonikom u strukturu vlakna doprinose da modifi kovani uzorci imaju veću propustljivost vazduha i bolje upijanje i transport vage u odnosu na prvobitnu tkaninu.

Aggregation operators play an important role in many different theories, such as the integration theory, or the decision making theory. This paper deals with the problem of distributivity for some special class of aggregation operators with a neutral element, and the Mayors's aggregation operators. The results presented here complete some previous research concerning distributivity between the semi-uninorms and the Mayor's aggregation operators.

The electrospinning of Rhodamine B (RhB) -doped poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is presented as a promising technique for processing photo luminescent nanofibers. Nanofibers with concentrations of RhB in PMMA between 0.05 wt% and 2.0 wt% were studied. The FTIR spectrum, fiber morphology, thermal properties and optical properties of the nanofibers were investigated. The smooth, bead- free and nonporous nanofibers were obtained. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results revealed that the Tg increased with the increasing of Rh B content up to a 0.5 wt% and beyond that decreased. The laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique was used to study the fluorescence properties of the nanofibers. The maximum fluorescence emission was observed at a concentration of RhB of c = 0.2 wt%. [Projekat Ministartsva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 34011, br. III 45019 i br. 171020]

The problem of distributivity for different classes of aggregation operators is a topic that is currently being investigated by a significant number of researchers. The main issue of this paper is the characterization of all pairs of aggregation operators (G, H) where G is a semi-t-operator which is left or right distributive over semi-nullnorm H. The presented results also contain some previous research concerning distributivity of semi-t-operators over semi-nullnorm as the special case.

Traditionally, decision trees are used for graphical representation of the set of possible alternatives which decision maker has on disposal. Recently, decision trees are not used only as a graphical wireframe in decision making. Moreover, together with fuzzy sets, they are used for alternative evaluating and evaluating of the project as a whole providing an optimal long-term investment strategy for decision maker. Fuzzy decision trees, a generalization of decision trees in fuzzy environment, are used for extracting fuzzy rules from training data and leads to approximate reasoning in economics.

Stimuli-responsive microgel, based on synthetic polymer (poly-NiPAAm) and biopolymer (chitosan), was incorporated onto cotton fabric surface by pad-dry-cure method using 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as crosslinker. In order to assess the moisture management properties of cotton functionalized with responsive microgel, the effects of temperature, relative humidity and concentration of microgel on water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) and moisture content (MC) were quantified. Since the use of experimental design is considered as a highly attractive feature in dealing with experiments and variables of this nature, the effects were quantified by using a central composite design. The regression equations obtained from the statistical analysis allowed the prediction of WVTR and MC at different ambient conditions. Material properties such as crease recovery and whiteness were also measured. The results indicate that both relative humidity and temperature significantly influence studied responses (WVTR and MC), showing that good perspiration can be achieved at lower humidity levels and at higher temperatures. The observed phenomena are attributed to controlled expansion (or contraction) of the surface incorporated microgel, which acts as a sensor of temperature and as a valve to regulate the water vapour permeability of functionalized cotton.

The paper deals with (s,S) inventory models, where S is maximum inventory level, while s represents safety stock level. Whenever the inventory level falls to s level, an order M = S-s is placed assuming S>2s. The lead time (time between the placement of an order and delivery) has a stochastic character and if the customer's demand is placed at the time when the inventory level is zero, the demand is not satisfied and it goes to an orbit of unsatisfied customers. After a random amount of time these unsatisfied demands are reconsidered and satisfied provided that the inventory level is positive at the time. The paper illustrates application of the model to the selected parametre values s and S which minimize the total expected cost.

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the possibilities of obtaining “smart” surface modifying systems (SMSs) based on biopolymer chitosan hydrogels, and to discuss the possible problems of obtaining “smart” textile materials by attaching these surface modifying systems to regular textile materials. Due to the fact that chitosan based, pH-sensitive, temperature-sensitive and temperature/pH dual-sensitive hydrogels are of special interest in designing "smart" textile materials, current developments in the preparation of chitosan based hydrogels are reviewed. However, since the main challenge of developing “smart” textile materials is confined to the techniques of successful attachment of the hydrogel layer to the textile substrate, strategies for successful attachment of “smart” hydrogels are presented. It is expected that this innovative strategy will enable creating of new enhanced textile materials, which not only contain fibres that maintain the advantageous and conventional properties but also advanced functionalities and/or environmental responsiveness implemented by modifying the very thin surface layer of the material.

Surface chemistry and wetting properties of cotton fibres as affected by catalytic bleaching have been investigated. Two types of cotton fabric have been analysed: the regular and a model cotton fabric. In the regular - double scoured cotton fabric, cellulose was contaminated with both non-removable and removable impurities including different pigments. The model cotton fabric, previously freed of most removable impurities, was stained for the purpose of this study with one pigment only, i.e. morin, a component that is typically found in native cotton fibre. Bleaching effectiveness of the catalyst based bleaches has been compared to the non-catalyst based bleaching systems. Surface chemical changes of cotton have been identified by XPS. Contact angle and capillary constant of the cotton fabric have been measured applying the Washburn method. This approach has provided the tool to explore and to quantify the chemical and physical effects on cotton fibre after catalytic bleaching. The interrelationship between an increase in capillary constant and the removal of non-cellulosic impurities, characterised by the C I component in C Is XPS spectrum, has been elucidated.

In this study, the effect of low-temperature air plasma, biopolymer chitosan and hydrogen peroxide treatment of recycled wool-based non-woven material on metal cation uptake was investigated. Recycled wool-based material either as an untreated or modified material showed ability to bind all investigated metal cations in the following order: Pb2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Co2+. Material performed good selectivity due to distinct sorption rates of studied metal cations. U ovom radu je ispitan uticaj obrade netkanog materijala na bazi vune kao sekundarne sirovine niskotemperaturnom plazmom, biopolimerom hitozanom i vodonik- peroksidom na sorpciju katjona metala. Materijal na bazi vune kao sekundarne sirovine bilo kao neobra|en ili modifikovan, poseduje sposobnost vezivawa katjona metala prema slede}em redosledu: Pb2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Co2+. Materijal pokazuje dobru selektivnost usled razli~ite brzine sorpcije ispitivanih katjona metala.

The new concept of the combined treatment consisting of specific fibre surface tailoring and activation prior to biopolymer or enzyme post-application is introduced. Low-temperature plasma treatment is considered as very useful for superficial treatment of wool and hemp. Some interesting combinations of low-temperature plasma and enzymatic treatments are presented in this paper. These treatments result in an increase in wettability, dimensional stability, polymer adhesion and dyeability of both, wool and hemp fabrics.

Strict ecological legislation, especially in highly developed countries, imposed requirements for the purification of industrial effluents and the need for efficient oil clean up after sea and inland water spills. Although numerous processes have been developed, the application of sorbents is still one of the most efficient methods to remove heavy metal ions, dyes and crude oil from water. Recently, special attention was paid to sorbents based on natural fibres. A review of studies concerning the sorption properties of wool is presented in this paper. The presence of various functional groups on the wool fibre surface contributes to the efficient sorption of heavy metal ions and dyes. A hydrophobic, scaly surface and fibre crimp strongly influence the high sorption capacity of wool for oil. Wool has great sorption potential even as a recycled material. Accordingly, it can be used as a viable substitute to commercially available synthetic sorbents that show poor biodegradab ility.

The aim of this study was to investigate the sorption properties of a recycled-wool-based nonwoven material for lead cations. To improve sorption properties, the material was treated with low-temperature air plasma and/or the biopolymer chitosan. The rate and extent of the uptake of lead cations by wool, the kinetics of adsorption, and the influence of concentration, pH, temperature, and mechanical agitation on the sorption process were determined. Changes in the electrokinetic properties of the sorbent were also investigated. Wool, even as a recycled material, efficiently bound lead cations in all of the investigated cases. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 379–386, 2003

The effect of water vapour plasma treatment on the shrinkage behaviour and chemical properties of the surface of keratin fibres was studied. The wettability and shrink resistance of wool were improved even at low plasma treatment times. The values of the advancing contact angles of keratin fibres treated with plasma provide evidence of the formation of hydrophilic groups in the wool surface. Analysis by XPS reveals that oxidation of the fatty acid monolayer (F-layer) prevails over its removal in the early stages of plasma treatment. The increase in treatment time results in a progressive removal of the F-layer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The modern textile fibre treatments aim to obtain the required level of beneficial effect while attempting to confine the modification to the fibre surface. Recently, much attention has been focused on different physical methods of fibre surface modification, cold plasma treatment being considered as very useful. Moreover, there are efficient chemical methods available, such as peroxide, biopolymer and enzyme treatment. Some interesting combinations of these physical and chemical surface modification methods as means to modify fibre surface topography and thus controlling the surface-related properties of the fibre are presented in this paper. The properties obtained are discussed on the basis of the physico-chemical changes in the surface layer of the fibre, being assessed by wettability and contact angle measurements, as well as by FTIR-ATR and XPS analysis. The SEM and AFM technique are used to assess the changes in the fibre surface topography and to correlate these changes to the effectiveness, uniformity and severity of the textile fibre surface modification treatments.

© 2018, University of Nis. All rights reserved. The issue of distributivity for different classes of aggregation operators is a topic that is being currently investigated by a number of researchers. The focus of this paper is on characterization of pairs of aggregation operators that are satisfying distributivity law where one of them is a commutative, associative aggregation operator with annihilator and the other one is a Mayor’s aggregation operator. The results presented here extend and upgrade some known research, e.g., results concerning distributivity between semi-uninorms and Mayor’s aggregation operators.

International audience; Cotton was treated with β-cyclodextrin (BCD) and two derivatives of β-cyclodextrin (2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and monochlorotriazinyl-B-cyclodextrin) to assess the optimal type for fixation with cotton. The experimental results showed that treatment of cotton with BCD using the crosslinker BTCA resulted in higher fixation than the treatments with the other two derivatives. The concentration of BTCA used did not significantly influuence the amount of fixation of BCD on cotton. FTIR-ATR spectroscopic analysis showed that the amount of ester formed on the fabric was influenced by the addition of BCD on cotton with BTCA in comparison to crosslinking of only BTCA with cotton. The laundering tests showed relatively poor washfastness of the β-cyclodextrins on the fabrics.

Renewed demand for incorporation of natural dyes (bio-colorants) in textile industry could be met through biotechnological production of bacterial pigments. Two new Streptomyces strains (NP2 and NP4) were isolated for the remarkable ability to produce diffusible deep blue and deep red pigment into fermentation medium. Crude mycelial extracts of both strains were used as bio-colorants in conventional textile dyeing procedures avoiding downstream purification procedures. The yields of bio-colorants obtained in this way were 62 and 84 mg per g of mycelia for Streptomyces sp. NP2 and Streptomyces sp. NP4, respectively. Through nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of crude extracts before and after dyeing procedures, it was shown that both extracts contained prodigiosin-like family of compounds that exhibited different dyeing capabilities towards different textile fibers. Polyamide and acrylic fibers were colored to the deepest shade, polyester and triacetate fibers to a noticeable, but much lower shade depth, while cotton and cellulosic fibers stained weakly. These results confirmed that crude bacterial extracts had the characteristics similar to those of ionic and disperse dyes, which was consistent with the identified polypyrrolic prodigiosin-like structures.