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Small satellite technologies, particularly CubeSats, are enabling breakthrough research in space. Over the past 15 years, NASA Ames Research Center has developed and flown half a dozen biological CubeSats in low Earth orbit (LEO) to conduct space biology and astrobiology research investigating the effects of the space environment on microbiological organisms. These studies of the impacts of radiation and reduced gravity on cellular processes include dose-dependent interactions with antimicrobial drugs, measurements of gene expression and signaling, and assessment of radiation damage. BioSentinel, the newest addition to this series, will be the first deep space biological CubeSat, its heliocentric orbit extending far beyond the radiation-shielded environment of low Earth orbit. BioSentinel's 4U biosensing payload, the first living biology space experiment ever conducted beyond the Earth-Moon system, will use a microbial bioassay to assess repair of radiation-induced DNA damage in eukaryotic cells over a duration of 6-12 months. Part of a special collection of articles focused on BioSentinel and its science mission, this article describes the design, development, and testing of the biosensing payload's microfluidics and optical systems, highlighting improvements relative to previous CubeSat life-support and bioanalytical measurement technologies.

W 1892 r. Louis de Fleury, amator poszukiwań archeologicznych, skierował swe zainteresowania na cmentarzyska z grobami w obudowach kamiennych na północno-wschodnim Mazowszu. Na kilku z nich rozkopał łącznie około 20 grobów. Sprawozdanie z prac przekazał do Cesarskiej Komisji Archeologicznej w Petersburgu. W ciągu kolejnych kilkudziesięciu lat cmentarzyska te uległy praktycznie całkowitemu zniszczeniu. Tym samym, rezultaty prac L. de Fleury’ego pozostały głównym źródłem informacji o tych nekropolach, a więc i o zwyczajach pogrzebowych ludności zamieszkującej owo pogranicze Polski, ludów pruskich i Rusi w XI–XII w. W ciągu blisko 130 lat od czasu jego rozkopywań, w literaturze archeologicznej pojawiały się tylko niepełne i często mylne wiadomości na ich temat. Niniejsza publikacja jest pierwszą, w której szczegółowo omówiono wyniki prac L. de Fleury’ego oraz ich znaczenie dla poznania procesów osadniczych na Wysoczyźnie Kolneńskiej w 2 poł. XI w. i 1 poł. XII w.

I was in fifth grade, the year 1978, and the weathered purple- and orange-covered paperback copy of Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret. was finally mine to check out of the school library for an entire week. I read it cover to cover that first night, and surely a dozen times over in the years that followed. I have since reflected upon the extraordinary gifts Judy Blume bestowed in Margaret: enabling children to be seen, respected, and met right when and where it mattered. She validated the most mundane, yet oddly prolific, questions about periods that were clearly on the minds of many. Four decades later, it is fair to say that the most meaningful moments of my legal career have been spent considering the very same topic—menstruation—in a quest to ensure its political centrality to issues of social justice, democratic participation, and gender equality. For my own part, commitment to menstrual equity has entailed examining our current laws and systems to see where discrimination and bias exist and persist—from public benefits to tax codes to education—and then forging the arguments to reverse that. And then, importantly, reimagining, crafting, and advancing new and more equitable policies in their place.

History instructs us that electrical power can be decarbonized in less than a dozen years with combinations of renewable and nuclear energy, but exaggerated fears of the latter have made it too cos...

Electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft for urban commuting are currently under development by more than a dozen different companies. These concepts and prototypes, representing well over a billion dollars of venture capital investment in 2020 alone, promise that sometime in the near future, point-to-point travel between suburbs and urban centers will happen by air using innovative new flying vehicles that are fast, quiet, clean, and far more affordable than a helicopter. United Airlines has ordered 200 eVTOLs. American Airlines has ordered 250, with an option for 100 more. But none of these eVTOL platforms are yet certified to carry passengers, and as a fundamentally different approach to flight, there are still open questions about safety.

Project development and marketing on large oil and gas projects (LOGPs) by engineering-procurement-construction (EPC) contractors respond to massive capital investment (CAPEX) undertakings by oil and gas industry owners and takes on multi-lateral interactions carried out by a dozen of actors proactively participating in the EPC contractors’ business ecosystem created to remain competitive toward owner companies, which form of project marketing is different from a straight forward contractor – owner interaction found in the other branches of contracting industry. Most of such interactions are based on strategic trust among the relevant members built over decades of heavy win-win transactions. This study has found the actors that compose the project development and marketing cycle in LOGPs, explored dominant logics of EPC contractor’s project development and marketing, and analysed how primary actors in LOGP development and implementation co-create strategic values for both the respective corporations, and sustainable overall industry growth.

In this essay, I will analyse a dozen fictional narratives written by Cesar Aira (b. 1949) paying special attention to the effacement of his characters’ bodies and bodily life. Two complementary ex...

The article describes the development of geodetic surveying and production of geodetic instruments in what is now Czech Republic. The beginnings of development can be found in the 12th–13th centuries during the colonization of the territory and the consolidation of state administration. Significant development peaks occurred in the 14th century during the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia Charles IV and then at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries during the reign of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II. The new direction is related to the development of industry at the end of the 19th century. At that time, several dozen companies in fine mechanics and optics were operating in Prague. The company J. & J. Frič was a world leader in the use of a glass divided circle in 1864. The production of astronomical and geodetic instruments in Czechoslovakia was successful until the end of the 1960s.

The publication of Barnabas Calder’s Architecture: From Prehistory to Climate Emergency is significant. There are probably no more than a dozen key textbooks in circulation in universities today th...

This article examines the peculiar case of Luis Mendez Chavez, a Portuguese Jew who was prosecuted by the Cartagena Inquisition in 1648 for attempting to smuggle into colonial Venezuela a chest of Jewish books and liturgical items, together with a boat full of African slaves. This voyage was one of the earliest attempts by leading Jews in Amsterdam to expand directly into new economic and spiritual markets in the circum-Caribbean. The quest for new markets was an urgent one in the mid-1640s for two reasons. First, with the Portuguese planters’ revolt in Dutch Brazil in 1645 many substantial economic investments were on the verge of being permanently lost. Second, the impending destruction of the only public synagogues in the New World threatened to reverse certain biblical prophecies that men like the great Menasseh ben Israel believed had been earlier fulfilled in the Americas. In response, he gave Mendez Chavez more than a dozen apologetic and liturgical works for the purpose of bringing conversos in Spanish America more in line with halakhic norms. At the same time, multiple wealthy Jewish merchants in Amsterdam invested sizeable sums so that Mendez Chavez could acquire slaves in Guinea and sell them for substantial profit in the New World. Driven by these intertwined religious and economic objectives, Mendez Chavez’s voyage, despite its ultimate failure at the hands of the Inquisition, can be seen as an audacious precursor to the more successful Sephardic colonization efforts that occurred after the fall of Dutch Brazil in 1654.

Built on the administrative system of the League of Nations, since the Second World War, the United Nations has grown into a sizeable, complex and multilevel system of several dozen international bureaucracies. Outside of a brief period in the 1980s, and despite growing scholarship on international public administrations over the past two decades, there have been few publications in the International Review of Administrative Sciences on the evolution of the United Nations system and its many public administrations. The special issue ‘International Bureaucracy and the United Nations System’ aims to encourage renewed scholarly focus on this global level of public administration. This introduction makes the case for why studying the United Nations’ bureaucracies matters from a public administration perspective, takes stock of key literature and discusses how the seven articles contribute to key substantive and methodological advancements in studying the administrations of the United Nations system.

The well-known, senatorial Sienieński family, Dębno coat of arms has not yet received a reliable genealogical study. The few attempts at presenting the genealogy of this family should be considered unsuccessful. They are full of all sorts errors and distortions. The article, written on the basis of extensive archival research, presents the genealogy of the least known Lublin Sienieński line. The author identified and described the lives of several dozen descendants of Wiktoryn Sienieński (died before 1556). He corrected and completed the biographical data of two representatives of this lineage who had biographies in Polski słownik biograficzny – the Lublin castellan Zbigniew (died 1633) and titular Maronite bishop Dominik (died 1743). He meticulously traced the marriages concluded by the members of the Sienieński family. He also presented their material status, as well as the most important facts from the lives of the most significant representatives of this family line. He also made some remarks of a more general nature. He drew attention to the fact that the peak of the splendor of the Sienieński family from Lublin voivodeship fell in the first half of the 17th century. In the second half of this century, their importance and position suddenly collapsed. The distribution of landed property among nine men alive at that time led to their relative impoverishment. The Sienieńskis also gradually lost their possessions. At the end of 17th century, they no longer owned any property in Lublin voivodeship. Znana, senatorska rodzina Sienieńskich herbu Dębno nie doczekała się dotąd rzetelnego opracowania genealogicznego. Nieliczne próby przedstawienia genealogii tego rodu należy uznać za nieudane, pełno w nich bowiem różnego rodzaju błędów i przekłamań. W artykule, napisanym na podstawie zakrojonych na szeroką skalę badań archiwalnych, przedstawiono genealogię i dzieje najmniej znanej, lubelskiej linii Sienieńskich. Autor zidentyfikował i opisał dzieje życia kilkudziesięciu potomków Wiktoryna Sienieńskiego (zm. p. 1556). Skorygował i uzupełnił dane biograficzne dwóch przedstawicieli tej linii, którzy doczekali się biogramów w Polskim słowniku biograficznym – kasztelana lubelskiego Zbigniewa (zm. 1633) i tytularnego biskupa maronickiego Dominika (zm. 1743). Drobiazgowo prześledził zawierane przez Sienieńskich związki małżeńskie. Przedstawił też ich sytuację majątkową, jak również najważniejsze fakty z życia najbardziej znaczących przedstawicieli tej linii rodu. Zawarł również kilka uwag bardziej ogólnej natury. Zwrócił uwagę na fakt, że apogeum świetności Sienieńskich z Lubelskiego przypadło na pierwszą połowę XVII w. W drugiej połowie tego stulecia nastąpiło zaś gwałtowne załamanie ich znaczenia i pozycji. Podział dóbr między dziewięciu żyjących w tym czasie mężczyzn doprowadził bowiem do ich relatywnego zubożenia. Sienieńscy stopniowo tracili też swoje posiadłości. Pod koniec XVII w. nie byli już właścicielami żadnego majątku w Lubelskiem.

Much theory, research, and application regarding emotion is based on a set of basic emotions. But the question remains: which emotions are in that set? One proposal is to expand the classic set of six with 12 new ones, each indicated by a facial expression purported to convey that one specific emotion universally. A series of studies offered as support for this proposal relied on presenting participants with the emotion label embedded in a story and then asking them to choose among four facial expressions or none. Here we critique that response procedure (used in various studies) as confounding emotion with story. Our Study 1 (N = 1,230 residents of the United States) found that the same response procedure could "show" that the facial expressions used in that previous research convey emotions other than the ones that had been proposed. Our Study 2 (N = 64 in India and N = 56 in China) found similar results with participants who speak non-Indo-European languages (Malayalam and Mandarin). Altogether, our results question whether the proposed set of new basic emotions is warranted, given problems in the response procedure in which an emotion is embedded in a story. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Europa, one of Jupiter's Galilean moons, has twice as much liquid water as Earth's oceans, if not more. An ocean estimated to be anywhere from 40 to 100 miles (60 to 150 kilometers) deep spans the entire moon, locked beneath an icy surface over a dozen kilometers thick. The only direct evidence for this ocean is the plumes of water that occasionally erupt through cracks in the ice, jetting as high as 200 km above the surface.

The aim of the paper is to present how the late medieval plague pandemic affected the societies of Western and Eastern Europe. The author used chronicles and works of literature of that time, on top of the abundant literature on the subject. Based on this bibliography, he carried out a critical analysis of the content, revealing the similarities and differences in the course of the Black Death epidemic across parts of Europe. The plague was taking its toll on all age groups and at all levels of society. The main reason for this was that physicians, not knowing what was causing the disease, could not help the infected for a long time. The epidemic exposed the poor level of the contemporary medics’ knowledge and their unpreparedness for saving human lives. It also showed that university studies neither equipped them with sufficient knowledge nor gave them the practical skills needed to fight the dangerous disease. The Black Death particularly disorganized the economic and social life of Western and Southern European countries. Although the plague first struck Central Europe with less intensity than it did the West, it did take its toll on it. Its subsequent waves had an especially dramatic impact on the large trading towns such as Wroclaw and Krakow. A pervasive fear of the plague also contributed to the resentment towards those seen as aliens, especially Jews. They were the ones accused of poisoning wells and supplies, and spreading the disease. In Wroclaw, the capital city of Silesia, which was then part of the Kingdom of Bohemia, the attack on Jews was initiated by John of Capistrano – the papal inquisitor. It led to a much publicized trial that resulted in the death sentences death sentences given to several dozen people. Seeking to understand the reason behind Capistrano’s actions, the author analyzed his treatise on the duties of physicians and clergy toward plague patients. It results from that work that the course of the epidemic in Central Europe, despite its local variations, was not significantly different from that observed in Western countries.

In the early months of every year, I interview some two dozen presidents, chancellors, provosts, and chief business officers to learn about the challenges and opportunities for which they are prepa...

As imagens de voluntárias da pátria, vivandeiras e enfermeiras, que atuaram na guerra contra o Paraguai, constituem fontes inestimáveis para compreender as estratégias e os modos pelos quais mulheres de distintos estratos sociais e raciais atuaram na esfera pública na segunda metade do século XIX. O artigo analisa um conjunto de duas dezenas de fotografias, pinturas e litografias publicadas na imprensa ilustrada produzidas no período da guerra – imagens que são testemunhos de uma movimentação silenciosa, mas expressiva da conquista do espaço público pelas mulheres.

On a Peculiarity in Judicial Oaths of Kalisz, which May Become a Warning for Researchers and Editors of Old Texts The main purpose of the article is to show the problems that editors of Old Polish texts have to face. The pretext for showing these problems was a court note (card 67 recto), which was mistakenly published twice in the same edition (WRS – H. Kowalewicz and W. Kuraszkiewicz). Moreover, it was elaborated in two different ways (the same manuscript fragment is interpreted as the work of two different writers; the boundaries of the judicial record are indicated differently; the transcriptions of both versions also differ). Almost half a century later, all these errors were reproduced in the Electronic Repository of Greater Poland Oaths, although a dozen or so years earlier an edition by T. Jurek was published, in which the errors from the WRS edition were corrected. Unfortunately, the edition by T. Jurek also contains some solutions that make it impossible to use it in an entirely scientific manner (excessive modernization of the spelling).

This paper recovers soliton solutions to perturbed pure–cubic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation having a dozen forms of nonlinear refractive index. Two integration schemes, namely the new mapping method and the addendum to Kudryashov’s approach have made this retrieval possible. Bright, dark and singular soliton solutions are recovered and enumerated for every nonlinear form. As a byproduct of the schemes, periodic solutions have emerged and are presented as well.

Over a dozen countries in Africa are currently constructing more than 70 new cities from scratch. There has been a recent surge of scholarship on the role of Chinese investors in urban projects in ...

This scientific article describes the characteristics and significance of the religion of Islam. The ideology of Islam is set out in the Holy books of Muslims, the Koran and the Sunnah. The Sunnah according to the creed is a collection of sayings of Muhammad and stories about his life. Imam al-Bukhari, this name is one of the most revered in the Muslim world. His name has been celebrated in the Muslim world for more than 12 centuries and the book "al-Jomi-as-Sahih" is considered the most reliable Muslim book after the Koran. "As-Sahih al-Bukhari" will consist of more than four dozen books, different in volume and number of hadiths covered. For his deep knowledge of hadith, the scholars of the ulama gave him the title "Imam al-Muhaddisin" (Lord of the world according to Hadith).

The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus L.) population on the Kola Peninsula occupies an intermediate, and potentially connecting, position between foxes living on the Scandinavian Peninsula and populations further east in Russia, but very little is known about the status of this population. Here we summarize data from the literature, forgotten archival sources about research in the first half of the twentieth century, and the results of several independent expeditions undertaken over the past two decades. These materials include data on fur harvesting, incomplete monitoring data from official winter track counts of game animals, local knowledge, and our own observations. Our research revealed the extremely poor state of the Arctic fox population on the Kola Peninsula. According to our estimates, the current population is likely isolated and consists of no more than a few dozen adults. The fur return data, together with long-term data on small rodent abundance, suggest that irregular and fading out lemming cycles were a major driver of the Arctic fox population decline. The thorough research from the 1930s contrasts strongly with the lack of interest in studying and monitoring the population in recent decades, which is not even listed as a threatened species in the regional Red Data Book. In fact, the work performed here filled a more than a half-century gap in the study of the population and allowed us to determine the urgent need to resume research and immediately take active measures to protect and promote the recovery of the species in the region.

Beyond Access was the first major global attempt to connect the international development and public library worlds. Taking the form of a series of projects in a dozen countries meant to help catal...

Observations sur la plus grande entreprise de publication non contrôlée au monde. Sont présentées dans cet article les tendances actuelles de l’édition de catalogues d’expositions temporaires et permanentes, principalement en Ontario et au Canada. Ces tendances sont considérées ici dans le contexte de l’avènement de l’exposition d’art comme phénomène culturel. L’étude s’attache en outre à faire ressortir les points de vue plutôt contradictoires de celui qui produit ces oeuvres éphémères et de celui qui éventuellement, les achètera. Un certain nombre de modèles de catalogues sont proposés avec un aperçu de ce que chacun implique pour le personnel des musées, pour le financement de la publication et pour le savoir.

Andre Journel joined Stanford University in 1978, and his program grew quickly to include a dozen students from the USA, Canada, Europe, and South Africa. He was instrumental in organizing the Second International Geostatistical Conference (Tahoe ’83), during which 13 papers were presented that can be linked to his group. Out of these 13 papers, 9 were mining-related, with 7 on recoverable reserves, 2 on uncertainty, 2 on conditional simulation, and 3 on nonparametric geostatistics. A significant research effort at the time was therefore directed at change of support, global and local recoveries, and uncertainty, but future trends could also be identified, such as nonparametric geostatistics and conditional simulation. This paper is a practical review of conditional simulation as a tool to improve mineral resource estimation in the areas of uncertainty, classification, and mining selectivity or dilution, based on the authors’ experience. Some practical considerations for conditional simulation are briefly discussed. Four case studies from the early 1990s to the late 2010s are presented to illustrate some solutions and challenges encountered when dealing with real-world commercial projects.

Alistair Shearer, cultural historian, meditation-teacher, tour-guide, hotelier, translator, and author of at least a dozen books, has written a lengthy account of the long and winding history of yo...

The species composition of zooplankton in mineralized water bodies located in the Ulug-Khem basin (Republic of Tuva) was studied. These lakes have the status of natural monuments of regional significance. In total we recorded 53 species of microscopic Custaceans and Rotifers from 32 genera, 13 families, and 8 orders. Cladocera comprises 53% of the species. The dependence of the species diversity on the level of mineralization was revealed; 89% of the species were found in brackish water bodies. The zooplankton composition of the hyperhaline lakes Dus-Khol (Svatikovo) and Cheder has remained constant for many dozen years. The zooplankton includes some species known only from Republic of Tuva in Russia, namely, Microcyclops afganicus and Macrotrix tabrizensis. M. asiaticus and Alona irinae, rare for the fauna of Russia, live in the lake Haak-Hol. A decrease in the total numbers of zooplankton is observed in the lakes, namely: in the lake Dus-Khol, it has decreased by 4 times, in the lake Khadyn it has decreased by 10–19 times as compared to the middle of the last century. Despite the lack of intermediate information, we regard this as a consequence of anthropogenic impact. The emergence of an indicator of pollution (Brachionus nilsoni) in the lake Khadin confirms this version. At the same time, the stable finding of species rare for the fauna of Russia indicates the presence of favorable conditions for their development and life, which increases the value of the reservoirs themselves, which are already unique natural objects.

Laying hens (56 weeks old) were fed for 8 weeks on diets containing 15.5% of full-fat soybeans steamed for 0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 minute. Average feed intake and egg production increased, with increase in length of time of steaming. Feed per dozen eggs decreased with increase in time of steaming dietary full-fat soybeans (P

This study retrospectively analyzes a dozen “Vision 2020” community plans, with critical analysis of their vision statements and subsequent implementation. Evaluation and appraisal review of plan i...

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a dozen small towns in rural South Australia began a unique social experiment: they imported an alcohol control model from Sweden designed to curb drunken...

In this article, twelve new emendations are offered on the text of Lucretius’ De Rerum Natura. At 1.454 non tactus is proposed for the unparalleled intactus; at 2.99 et partim is suggested for the awkward pars etiam; at 2.258 quomque (late-Republican cumque) is advanced for quemque; at 2.615 the metrically problematic inuenti sint is altered to inueniantur; at 2.733 the unique use of nigrant is dispensed with by reading the expected nigra sunt; at 3.267 et tamen is made more naturally adversarial as at tamen; at 3.774 ne fessa is altered to the more Lucretian defessa (reading ne for et earlier in the line); at 4.160 the unusual feminine celer (his) is altered to (his) celeris; at 4.306 (331) the difficult gerund insinuando is changed to the gerundive insinuandis; at 4.318 (343) multisque is replaced with the more idiomatic multoque; at 5.323 the stark phrase deminui debet recreari is reordered as debet deminui et recreari; finally, at 6.266 uementes is read for the otiose uenientes. The discussion proceeds on the basis of the universally accepted stemma, namely that the three Carolingian manuscripts (O, Q, S) are the sole manuscripts with textual authority. The more than fifty surviving Renaissance manuscripts ultimately derive from O, but they remain a fertile source for conjectures.

Already in the first two centuries AD, two aqueducts supplied Augusta Treverorum, and especially the huge Barbarathermen. In the early 4th century when Trier became an imperial residence, a large-scale building program was initiated, which concurrently affected the city’s water distribution system. The connection of the main sewer of the Kaiserthermen (which were never finished) with the older sewer canal in street no. 8 was discovered in 2010. In keeping with most of the other late antique canals, the walls were constructed of brick, the production of some can be traced to late antique brick factories. Most of the “new” sewer canals were found in the area of the imperial palace, for example the canals at Schutzenstrase, where the Roman circus is presumed to have been located. In the second half of the 4th century, a new aqueduct bridge was built along the present-day Olewiger Strase, which probably constituted the “new” ending of the older Ruwer aqueduct. In a reused building near the forum, a new bath building (the Viehmartthermen) was installed. The main sewer canal of these baths was lined with waterproof mortar, as was standard for water supply canals. Further evidence for water constructions in late antique Trier include more than a dozen small bathhouses as well as a splendid fountain found during excavations in the 19th century on the other side of the Mosel River. Sumptuous water display came to an end in the 5th century when the Romans no longer occupied the region.

Problem kanonizacji świętego Rocha sięga swoimi początkami wieków średnich. Szczególnie odnotować należy problem braku bulli kanonizacyjnej informującej Kościół Powszechny o dokonanej przez papieża kanonizacji. Ta, w przeciągu wieków, w swojej formie przybierała różnego rodzaju rozwiązania; różniła się zasadniczo kanonizacja wieków średnich od kanonizacji nowożytnej. Wielu papieży wypowiadało się na ten temat szukając optymalnego rozwiązania. Z jednej strony sprostania zapotrzebowaniom wiernych, z drugiej ujednolicenia procedur doprowadzających do wymaganego celu. Taki zamiar osiągnięto za sprawą wielu papieży wypowiadających się w różnego rodzaju dokumentach Stolicy Apostolskiej, które zostały w niniejszym artykule chociaż częściowo uwzględnione. Przedstawienie procedur doprowadzających do aktu kanonizacji, począwszy od wieku X po wiek XVI, zajmowało wysiłki kilkunastu papieży. To o nich wspominamy szczególnie w kontekście nieistniejącej dziś bulli kanonizacyjnej świętego Rocha. Poszukiwania okoliczności jej powstania i ogłoszenia przedstawiamy w kontekście materiałów źródłowych; już nie tylko bulli papieskich, ale istniejących najstarszych hagiografii świętego, począwszy od Vita sancti Rochi Francesca Dieda, księgi Anonima niemieckiego, Acta Breviora, aż po La vie et légénde de Monseigneur saint Roch Jehana Phelipota. Pojawiające się w nich punkty wspólne życiorysu świętego Rocha, ale i różnice, pozwalają na przeprowadzenie analizy odpowiadającej na pytanie, czy kanonizacja świętego Rocha dokonała się podczas Soboru w Konstancji (1414–1418), czy też w innych okolicznościach. Ponadto przedstawione zostały w niniejszym opracowaniu argumenty pośrednie, które w odróżnieniu od historycznych jednoznacznie, od czasów śmierci świętego, przyczyniały się do powstania jego kultu. Są to argumenty liturgiczne, o powszechnej dla Kościoła rozpiętości, jak i argumenty artystyczne, dokumentujące święte życie patrona od zarazy dżumy. W wielu miejscach, dzięki obrazom i rzeźbom, silna wiara w szybkim czasie stała się elementem propagującym kult świętego nie tylko w Europie. Artykuł kończy hipoteza ukierunkowana na trop odnalezienia – zdaniem autora – zaginionej bulli, która rozwiązałaby powstałe i narastające wokół świętego Rocha wątpliwości.

This study was conducted to examine the quality of eggs and the performance of laying hens fed different levels of calcium. The study was carried out at the Poultry Unit of University of Port Harcourt Teaching and Research Farm, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. One hundred and twenty black Harco birds were used for the study using the completely randomized design. The laying birds were fed with diets consisting of different level of calcium (Ca), which comprised mainly of limestone and bone meal such that treatment 1 (T1) had 2.5 % Ca, T2 ? 3.5%, T3 ? 4.5% and T4 ? 5.5% Ca, respectively. All the birds were raised within four treatment groups which had three replicates of 10 birds each. At the termination of the study, the eggs and the feed records were used to compute the hen-day production (HDP), feed intake, number of eggs laid per hen, dozens of eggs laid per hen, feed consumed per dozen egg, cost of feed per dozen egg produced and mortality. Six eggs were collected from each replicate to study the eggs external quality (egg weight and width, the weight of the shell, the egg shape index, egg length, shell index and thickness) and internal quality (albumen weight, yolk diameter, yolk height and index, yolk pH and pH of the albumen, albumen height, yolk weight, yolk ratio and yolk albumen ratio). The study revealed that significant (P

Thirty eight years ago the set of bronze tools found near the Starosillia village in Gorodyshche district of Cherkasy region has been published. This Late Bronze Age deposit remains one of the most known in the region. Three «celts», sleeve chisel and cast bracelet were preserved till the present time (fig. 1). These finds are kept in the Cherkasy Museum of local history. Starosillia deposit is important in terms of identification of main intercultural connections and contacts in the late 2nd mil. BC. The evidence, obtained over the last several dozen years, makes possible the new attribution of finds, their typology, area of spread and dating. Besides this, new publication of Starosillia deposit with drawing and photos of a high quality (it should be noted that the article of D. Telegin is lacking the drawing of one «celt») is required. This is why we need to turn back to the deposit. Two «celts» belong (fig. 3, 4) to the Dichevo type (Oinacu variant) according to V. Dergachev. Their origin is linked to Lower Danube center, from where these tools were spread in the North Pontic region, the area of Noua and Sabatynivka (later — early Bilozerka) cultures. Double-eyelet «celt» (fig. 2) belongs to Kardashynka type according to V. Dergachev. Such tools were used in late Sabatynivka and early Bilozerka time. In case of the analyzed region, such tools are referred to populations of Bilozerka culture, while the related molds were mainly found in the Lower Dnieper region. This is also the case of sleeve chisels (fig. 5) which are being similar to the find from Starosillia. Cast bracelet (fig. 6) from the deposit is typical for Sabatynivka and Bilozerka cultures, from which such bracelets could spread to the area of Bilogrudivka culture. Thus, the deposition of Starosillia deposit may be dated to the early Bilozerka time (HaA1), 12th century BC, when the Middle Dnieper region was inhabited by populations of Bilogrudivka culture.

This introduction outlines the themes of the special issue (borders, borderlands, and border theory since the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns) and summarizes its contents (a research article, two dozen essays, plus photography and videography). The introduction also includes an interactive map hyperlinking the contents of the issue, and raises new lines of thought for border studies in the era of COVID-19.

I was both delighted and daunted when Chief Editor Lars Dahle invited me to compile a bibliography for this special Supplement edition of Theofilos on ‘Science, Natural Theology, and Christian Apologetics’. Of course, these days a literal interpretation of ‘bibliography’ would preclude mentioning some of the many excellent resources available in the form of video and audio material via platforms such as the internet, and so I’ve chosen to provide the following list of key ‘resources’ under several sub-headings. Each resource is followed by a brief description. The title of this list was inspired by Alvin Plantinga’s famous paper on ‘Two dozen (or so) arguments for God’, with four dozen recommendations giving room for covering the wide variety of issues that fall within the remit of ‘apologetics and natural theology in an age of science’, without becoming too unwieldy.

Stone vessels represent one of the rarest artifactual categories of Neolithic Greece. Only several dozen specimens (mostly fragmentary) have been recovered from 65 sites. These objects are also some of the least studied; with few exceptions, they are known only through superficial reports. Thus, their potential to shed light on social and economic aspects of Neolithic life remains unexploited. In this article, I address this problem in two ways. First, I focus on a specific stone vase assemblage: that from the well-known site of Franchthi in the north-eastern Peloponnese. This is one of the largest assemblages and is presented here in detail. Secondly, I use the Franchthi assemblage as a point of departure to attempt a synthesis of the available information on Greek Neolithic stone vases.

A typical mathematics assignment consists of one or two dozen practice problems relating to the same skill or concept, yet empirical evidence suggests that there is little or no long-term benefit from working more than a few problems of the same kind in immediate succession. Alternatively, randomized experiments in the laboratory and classroom have shown that scores on delayed tests improve markedly when most of the practice problems are arranged so that (a) problems of the same kind are distributed across many assignments spaced weeks apart, and (b) problems of different kinds are interleaved within the same assignment. In this commentary, we describe these math practice strategies and suggest additional lines of research regarding students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the efficacy and difficulty of these strategies.

Free-range poultry has become an important source of income for small farmers in municipalities at backlands of Alagoas. Despite this, little is known about the real financial performance of the activity as well as its operating costs. In this scenario, the objective of the present study was to verify the effective operational cost of egg production in a hick system at municipalities of Santana do Ipanema and São José da Tapera, Alagoas/BR. Technical visits were make to poultry producers, and simplified field booklets were delivered for taking notes, contemplating productivity indicators such as feed consumption, expenses, investments, revenues, input prices, family consumption, losses, number of animals in production, selling price of the product, in which the research participants received the necessary guidance on filling in this material. The study showed that the producers involved in the research are divided between those who use commercial feed and those who manufacture the feed on the property to feed the chickens. The data obtained showed an average cost of R$ 3.26/dozen eggs produced, driven by the variation in the price of inputs, which are imported from other regions of the country. The collective purchase of inputs can help to reduce the cost of production. KEYWORDS: Effective Operating Cost; Egg Production in Caipira System; Alagoas. RESUMO: A avicultura caipira tornou-se uma importante fonte de renda para pequenos agricultores de municípios do sertão de Alagoas. Apesar disso, pouco é sabido sobre o real rendimento financeiro da atividade, bem como, seus custos operacionais. Neste cenário, o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o custo operacional efetivo da produção de ovos em sistema caipira nos municípios de Santana do Ipanema e São José da Tapera, Alagoas/BR. Foram realizadas visitas técnicas a produtores de aves, sendo entregues cadernetas de campo simplificadas para realização de anotações, contemplando indicadores de produtividade como consumo de ração, despesas, investimentos, receitas, preço dos insumos, consumo familiar, perdas, número de animais em produção, preço de venda do produto, em que os participantes da pesquisa receberam as orientações necessárias sobre o preenchimento deste material. O estudo mostrou que os produtores envolvidos na pesquisa estão divididos entre aqueles que utilizam a ração comercial e os que fabricam a ração na propriedade para alimentação das galinhas. Os dados alcançados mostraram um custo médio de R$ 3,26/dúzia de ovos produzida, impulsionado pela variação do preço dos insumos, os quais são importados de outras regiões do país. A compra coletiva de insumos pode favorecer para redução do custo de produção. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Custo Operacional Efetivo; Produção de Ovos em Sistema Caipira; Alagoas.

AIM: The United States Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) has considerable offshore wind energy potential. Capturing that resource is part of a broader effort to reduce CO₂ emissions. While few turbines have been constructed in U.S. waters, over a dozen currently planned offshore wind projects have the potential to displace marine birds, potentially leading to effective habitat loss. We focused on three diving birds identified in Europe to be vulnerable to displacement. Our research aimed to determine their potential exposure to areas designated or proposed for offshore wind development along the Atlantic OCS. METHODS: Satellite tracking technology was used to determine the spatial and temporal use and movement patterns of Surf Scoters (Melanitta perspicillata), Red‐throated Loons (Gavia stellata) and Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus), and calculate their exposure to each offshore wind area. We tagged 236 adults in 2012–2015 on the Atlantic OCS from New Jersey to North Carolina; an additional 147 birds tagged in previous tracking studies were integrated into our analyses. Tracking data were analysed in two‐week intervals using dynamic Brownian bridge movement models to develop composite spatial utilization distributions. For each species, these distributions were then used to calculate the spatio‐temporal exposure to each offshore wind area. RESULTS: Surf Scoters and Red‐throated Loons were exposed to offshore wind areas almost exclusively during migration because these species were distributed among coastal and inshore waters during winter months. In contrast, Northern Gannets ranged over a much larger area, reaching farther offshore and south in winter, thus exhibited the greatest exposure to extant offshore wind areas. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study provide better understanding of how diving birds use current and potential future offshore wind areas on the Atlantic OCS, and can inform permitting, risk assessment and pre‐ and post‐construction impact assessments of offshore energy infrastructure.

The 11th Plenum of the Central Committee of the East German SED, held in December 1965 and resulting in the ban of over a dozen feature films, marks the most ferocious act of political censorship i...

In 1914, following the passage of Jim Crow segregation laws, over a dozen African American graves were exhumed from the primarily White Cedar Grove Cemetery in New Bern, North Carolina and reburied...

The article is dedicated to the 70th birthday of Vladimir Aleksandrovich Artemiev, senior researcher at the Ocean Optics Laboratory of the IO RAS. This is a unique electronics specialist who directly performs scientific research and provides this opportunity to others. V.A. Artemyev has been developing and improving optical equipment for marine expeditionary research for over 40 years; Among the devices he developed are an underwater irradiance meter (Alfamer device), three types of submersible transparent meters (PUM, PUM-A, PUM-200). Member of more than 60 sea expeditions from the Arctic to the Antarctic and about two dozen coastal marine. Conducted measurements of the underwater brightness of solar radiation at depths of up to 300 m in the Philippine Sea, diving on the Pysis underwater manned vehicle (PA), and in the Black Sea on the Argus PA. Vladimir Aleksandrovich is an irreplaceable expeditionary employee both in terms of his business and human qualities: contact, benevolent, always ready to help, creating a friendly atmosphere in the team. Coauthor of over 80 scientific publications and one invention patent. Has state awards.

The medium of digital games is constantly evolving, as many recently-published games are crucially different from titles that were popular several dozen years ago. This, as well as the com-mercial supersystems concept of Marsha Kinder, is the contribution of analysing the problem of digital game definition in this paper. The main aim of this article is to emphasise differences between digital games and other, similar artefacts. The author attempts to achieve it by constructing definition of digital games that covers all examples of the electronic entertainment medium. By doing so, the author attempts to analyse the most crucial elements and properties of digital games, e.g. their files available in the memory of digital devices, as well as aims that are supposed to be solved by the player during gameplay.