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NOT SO VERY LONG AGO, critics and historians were maintaining with increasing confidence that the system of patronage which had operated time out of mind was superseded in the later [...]

A study reviewing the evidence put forward by various biographers and conspiracy theorists regarding the weeks leading up to Christopher Marlowe's death in May 1593 is illustrated.

A review of Jane Austen's novels is presented, most of which are preoccupied with issues of entitlement and rank, to find out if she was a bourgeois writer. It is concluded that it makes perfect sense to describe Austen as 'genteel,' because it rightly implies that she belongs among the gentry and that she should herself be included among the 'well-bred country gentlemen and ladies' she describes in her novels, and not within the ranks of the middle classes or the 'pseudo-gentry.'

Results reveal that two luxR-type regulatory genes control plasmid transfer, growth inhibition by N-(3-hydroxy-7-cis tetra-decenoyl)-L-homoserine lactone and its repression in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae.

The biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 has been found to produce the Rhizobium small bacteriocin, N-(3-hydroxy-7-cis-tetradecenoyl)homoserine lactone. It does so via HdtS, a putative novel N-acylhomoserine lactone synthase. Hdts is not in either of the known AHL synthase families and may be a member of a third protein family able to biosynthesize acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). P. fluorescence F113 was cross-streaked against AHL biosensors able to detect short or long acyl chain AHLs. N-acylhomoserine lactones are quorum-sensing signal molecules and part of cell-density-dependent control of secondary metabolite and virulence gene expression. A gene, hdtS, was cloned and sequenced.

A comparison is presented between the works of author Mary Davys, which championed non-fictive literature, and the historically evident popularity of the novel as a literary genre. Topics include marketing toward the audience's uncertainty regarding true accounts and author invention during the emergence of the genre.

Tracing the origin and rise in popularity of the novel is difficult given the classification of various works of fiction and the manipulation of reading trends by publicity-minded publishers. Some theorists believe the novel came into being with the rise of England's middle class and increased reading by the public. Howver, close historical scrutiny finds that English society remained strictly stratified and there is little evidence of major reading growth. Publishers seeing the financial success of novels such as 'Pamela' and 'Moll Flanders' promoted particular literary works more vigorously than in previous times.

In 1958, in his biography of Daniel Defoe, John Robert Moore referred to 'the forty books or tracts Defoe is known to have published during William's reign'.(1) Over a decade [...]

Microbiological analysis of the nodulation features of transposon-induced Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae mutants indicates that the rhi and nodo genes are important in the nodulation of vetch Vicia hirsuta and peas Pisum sativum. Double mutants that do not express modO, nodE or RhiB and rhiA are poor mediators of legume nodulation. Transfer of rhi or nod gene region of the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii wild-type strain does not activate nodulation of vetch or pea plants, revealing that NodO protein is a functional determinant of legume nodulation.

psi operon of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli encodes three open reading frames, PsiA, PsiB and ORF-P. PsiA gene inhibits exopolysaccharide synthesis, causing R. leguminosarum strains to color with dye calcofluor. phoA defective gene insertions at PsiA and PsiB are identified and sequenced. PsiA-phoA and PsiB-phoA protein fusions and alkaline phosphatase activity reveal PsiA and PsiB located in the inner bacterial membrane.

The Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar vicae rhiA-rhiR region comprises plasmid-encoded genes which are expressed in the rhizosphere during symbiotic interactions. This region was characterized molecularly, resulting in the identification of four genes, rhiABCR. Sequence analysis showed that RhiA is similar to the E. coli lactose carrier encoded by lacY. In addition, RhiR is similar to the bacterial proteins LuxR and UvrC-28K. Their sequences also suggest that RhiA and RhiB are cytoplasmic, while RhiC is periplasmic. These genes are probably involved in the early stages of symbiotic interaction between the rhizobium and its host.

'It is a great comfort to See how corruption and ill conduct are instrumental in uniting Virtuous Persons and lovers of their country of all denominations . . . Whig [...]

Crime has been at the cutting edge of debates between social historians for some time now. Historians began to take a close interest in deviant behaviour in early modern England [...]

Most of the twenty-three essays in Volume 19 of Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture are to do with some aspect of English studies and so fall within the purview of The [...]

Focuses on the views of author Jonathan Swift on the Jacobites. Why there was a revival in interest in Jacobitism; Importance of Jacobitism; Speculation over the evidence and methodology used by historians who contend that Jacobitism was widespread and important than used to be thought; Reference made to books which Swift wrote; Criticism of Swift's work; Consideration of kingship to be indefeasible by the Jacobites.