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2. Functional and clinical studies reveal pathophysiological complexity of CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition.

Author

Palmer, E.E., Pusch, M., Picollo, A., Forwood, C., Nguyen, M.H., Suckow, V., Gibbons, J., Hoff, A., Sigfrid, L., Megarbane, A., Nizon, M., Cogné, B., Beneteau, C., Alkuraya, F.S., Chedrawi, A., Hashem, M.O., Stamberger, H., Weckhuysen, S., Vanlander, A., Ceulemans, B., Rajagopalan, S., Nunn, K., Arpin, S., Raynaud, M., Motter, C.S., Ward-Melver, C., Janssens, K., Meuwissen, M., Beysen, D., Dikow, N., Grimmel, M., Haack, T.B., Clement, E., McTague, A., Hunt, D., Townshend, S., Ward, M., Richards, L.J., Simons, C., Costain, G., Dupuis, L., Mendoza-Londono, R., Dudding-Byth, T., Boyle, J., Saunders, C., Fleming, E., Chehadeh, S. El, Spitz, M.A., Piton, A., Gerard, B., bi Warde, M.T. A, Rea, G., McKenna, C., Douzgou, S., Banka, S., Akman, C., Bain, J.M., Sands, T.T., Wilson, G.N., Silvertooth, E.J., Miller, L., Lederer, D., Sachdev, R., Macintosh, R., Monestier, O., Karadurmus, D., Collins, F., Carter, M., Rohena, L., Willemsen, M.H., Ockeloen, C.W., Pfundt, R.P., Kroft, S.D., Field, M., Laranjeira, F.E.R., Fortuna, A.M., Soares, A.R., Michaud, V., Naudion, S., Golla, S., Weaver, D.D., Bird, L.M., Friedman, J., Clowes, V., Joss, S., Pölsler, L., Campeau, P.M., Blazo, M., Bijlsma, E.K., Rosenfeld, J.A., Beetz, C., Powis, Z., McWalter, K., Brandt, T., Torti, E., Mathot, M., Mohammad, S.S., Armstrong, R., Kalscheuer, V.M., Palmer, E.E., Pusch, M., Picollo, A., Forwood, C., Nguyen, M.H., Suckow, V., Gibbons, J., Hoff, A., Sigfrid, L., Megarbane, A., Nizon, M., Cogné, B., Beneteau, C., Alkuraya, F.S., Chedrawi, A., Hashem, M.O., Stamberger, H., Weckhuysen, S., Vanlander, A., Ceulemans, B., Rajagopalan, S., Nunn, K., Arpin, S., Raynaud, M., Motter, C.S., Ward-Melver, C., Janssens, K., Meuwissen, M., Beysen, D., Dikow, N., Grimmel, M., Haack, T.B., Clement, E., McTague, A., Hunt, D., Townshend, S., Ward, M., Richards, L.J., Simons, C., Costain, G., Dupuis, L., Mendoza-Londono, R., Dudding-Byth, T., Boyle, J., Saunders, C., Fleming, E., Chehadeh, S. El, Spitz, M.A., Piton, A., Gerard, B., bi Warde, M.T. A, Rea, G., McKenna, C., Douzgou, S., Banka, S., Akman, C., Bain, J.M., Sands, T.T., Wilson, G.N., Silvertooth, E.J., Miller, L., Lederer, D., Sachdev, R., Macintosh, R., Monestier, O., Karadurmus, D., Collins, F., Carter, M., Rohena, L., Willemsen, M.H., Ockeloen, C.W., Pfundt, R.P., Kroft, S.D., Field, M., Laranjeira, F.E.R., Fortuna, A.M., Soares, A.R., Michaud, V., Naudion, S., Golla, S., Weaver, D.D., Bird, L.M., Friedman, J., Clowes, V., Joss, S., Pölsler, L., Campeau, P.M., Blazo, M., Bijlsma, E.K., Rosenfeld, J.A., Beetz, C., Powis, Z., McWalter, K., Brandt, T., Torti, E., Mathot, M., Mohammad, S.S., Armstrong, R., and Kalscheuer, V.M.

Abstract

01 februari 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, Missense and truncating variants in the X-chromosome-linked CLCN4 gene, resulting in reduced or complete loss-of-function (LOF) of the encoded chloride/proton exchanger ClC-4, were recently demonstrated to cause a neurocognitive phenotype in both males and females. Through international clinical matchmaking and interrogation of public variant databases we assembled a database of 90 rare CLCN4 missense variants in 90 families: 41 unique and 18 recurrent variants in 49 families. For 43 families, including 22 males and 33 females, we collated detailed clinical and segregation data. To confirm causality of variants and to obtain insight into disease mechanisms, we investigated the effect on electrophysiological properties of 59 of the variants in Xenopus oocytes using extended voltage and pH ranges. Detailed analyses revealed new pathophysiological mechanisms: 25% (15/59) of variants demonstrated LOF, characterized by a "shift" of the voltage-dependent activation to more positive voltages, and nine variants resulted in a toxic gain-of-function, associated with a disrupted gate allowing inward transport at negative voltages. Functional results were not always in line with in silico pathogenicity scores, highlighting the complexity of pathogenicity assessment for accurate genetic counselling. The complex neurocognitive and psychiatric manifestations of this condition, and hitherto under-recognized impacts on growth, gastrointestinal function, and motor control are discussed. Including published cases, we summarize features in 122 individuals from 67 families with CLCN4-related neurodevelopmental condition and suggest future research directions with the aim of improving the integrated care for individuals with this diagnosis.

Published
2023

3. The clinical and molecular spectrum of the KDM6B-related neurodevelopmental disorder.

Author

Rots, D., Jakub, T.E., Keung, C., Jackson, A., Banka, S., Pfundt, R.P., Vries, B.B.A. de, Jaarsveld, R.H. van, Hopman, S.M.J., Binsbergen, E. van, Valenzuela, I., Hempel, M., Bierhals, T., Kortüm, F., Lecoquierre, F., Goldenberg, A., Hertz, J.M., Andersen, C.B., Kibæk, M., Prijoles, E.J., Stevenson, R.E., Everman, D.B., Patterson, W.G., Meng, L., Gijavanekar, C., Dios, K. De, Lakhani, S., Levy, T., Wagner, M., Wieczorek, D., Benke, P.J., Lopez Garcia, M.S., Perrier, R., Sousa, S.B., Almeida, P.M., Simões, M.J., Isidor, B., Deb, W., Schmanski, A.A., Abdul-Rahman, O., Philippe, C., Bruel, A.L., Faivre, L., Vitobello, A., Thauvin, C., Smits, J.J., Garavelli, L., Caraffi, S.G., Peluso, F., Davis-Keppen, L., Platt, D., Royer, E., Leeuwen, L van, Sinnema, M., Stegmann, A.P.A., Stumpel, C.T., Tiller, G.E., Bosch, D.G.M., Potgieter, S.T., Joss, S., Splitt, M., Holden, S., Prapa, M., Foulds, N., Douzgou, S., Puura, K., Waltes, R., Chiocchetti, A.G., Freitag, C.M., Satterstrom, F.K., Rubeis, S. de, Buxbaum, J., Gelb, B.D., Branko, A., Kushima, I., Howe, J., Scherer, S.W., Arado, A., Baldo, C., Patat, O., Bénédicte, D., Lopergolo, D., Santorelli, F.M., Haack, T.B., Dufke, A., Bertrand, M., Falb, R.J., Rieß, A., Krieg, P., Spranger, S., Bedeschi, M.F., Iascone, M., Josephi-Taylor, S., Roscioli, T., Buckley, M.F., Liebelt, J., Dagli, A.I., Aten, E., Hurst, A.C.E., Hicks, A., Suri, M., Aliu, E., Naik, S., Sidlow, R., Coursimault, J., Nicolas, G., Küpper, H., Petit, F., Ibrahim, V., Top, D., Cara, F. Di, Louie, R.J., Stolerman, E., Brunner, H.G., Vissers, L.E.L.M., Kramer, J.M., Kleefstra, T., Rots, D., Jakub, T.E., Keung, C., Jackson, A., Banka, S., Pfundt, R.P., Vries, B.B.A. de, Jaarsveld, R.H. van, Hopman, S.M.J., Binsbergen, E. van, Valenzuela, I., Hempel, M., Bierhals, T., Kortüm, F., Lecoquierre, F., Goldenberg, A., Hertz, J.M., Andersen, C.B., Kibæk, M., Prijoles, E.J., Stevenson, R.E., Everman, D.B., Patterson, W.G., Meng, L., Gijavanekar, C., Dios, K. De, Lakhani, S., Levy, T., Wagner, M., Wieczorek, D., Benke, P.J., Lopez Garcia, M.S., Perrier, R., Sousa, S.B., Almeida, P.M., Simões, M.J., Isidor, B., Deb, W., Schmanski, A.A., Abdul-Rahman, O., Philippe, C., Bruel, A.L., Faivre, L., Vitobello, A., Thauvin, C., Smits, J.J., Garavelli, L., Caraffi, S.G., Peluso, F., Davis-Keppen, L., Platt, D., Royer, E., Leeuwen, L van, Sinnema, M., Stegmann, A.P.A., Stumpel, C.T., Tiller, G.E., Bosch, D.G.M., Potgieter, S.T., Joss, S., Splitt, M., Holden, S., Prapa, M., Foulds, N., Douzgou, S., Puura, K., Waltes, R., Chiocchetti, A.G., Freitag, C.M., Satterstrom, F.K., Rubeis, S. de, Buxbaum, J., Gelb, B.D., Branko, A., Kushima, I., Howe, J., Scherer, S.W., Arado, A., Baldo, C., Patat, O., Bénédicte, D., Lopergolo, D., Santorelli, F.M., Haack, T.B., Dufke, A., Bertrand, M., Falb, R.J., Rieß, A., Krieg, P., Spranger, S., Bedeschi, M.F., Iascone, M., Josephi-Taylor, S., Roscioli, T., Buckley, M.F., Liebelt, J., Dagli, A.I., Aten, E., Hurst, A.C.E., Hicks, A., Suri, M., Aliu, E., Naik, S., Sidlow, R., Coursimault, J., Nicolas, G., Küpper, H., Petit, F., Ibrahim, V., Top, D., Cara, F. Di, Louie, R.J., Stolerman, E., Brunner, H.G., Vissers, L.E.L.M., Kramer, J.M., and Kleefstra, T.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, De novo variants are a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but because every monogenic NDD is different and usually extremely rare, it remains a major challenge to understand the complete phenotype and genotype spectrum of any morbid gene. According to OMIM, heterozygous variants in KDM6B cause "neurodevelopmental disorder with coarse facies and mild distal skeletal abnormalities." Here, by examining the molecular and clinical spectrum of 85 reported individuals with mostly de novo (likely) pathogenic KDM6B variants, we demonstrate that this description is inaccurate and potentially misleading. Cognitive deficits are seen consistently in all individuals, but the overall phenotype is highly variable. Notably, coarse facies and distal skeletal anomalies, as defined by OMIM, are rare in this expanded cohort while other features are unexpectedly common (e.g., hypotonia, psychosis, etc.). Using 3D protein structure analysis and an innovative dual Drosophila gain-of-function assay, we demonstrated a disruptive effect of 11 missense/in-frame indels located in or near the enzymatic JmJC or Zn-containing domain of KDM6B. Consistent with the role of KDM6B in human cognition, we demonstrated a role for the Drosophila KDM6B ortholog in memory and behavior. Taken together, we accurately define the broad clinical spectrum of the KDM6B-related NDD, introduce an innovative functional testing paradigm for the assessment of KDM6B variants, and demonstrate a conserved role for KDM6B in cognition and behavior. Our study demonstrates the critical importance of international collaboration, sharing of clinical data, and rigorous functional analysis of genetic variants to ensure correct disease diagnosis for rare disorders.

Published
2023

6. Truncating and zinc-finger variants in GLI2 are associated with hypopituitarism

Author

Corder, M.L., Berland, S., Førsvoll, J.A., Banerjee, I., Murray, P., Bratland, E., Gokhale, D., Houge, G., Douzgou, S., Corder, M.L., Berland, S., Førsvoll, J.A., Banerjee, I., Murray, P., Bratland, E., Gokhale, D., Houge, G., and Douzgou, S.

Abstract

Variants in transcription factor GLI2 have been associated with hypopituitarism and structural brain abnormalities, occasionally including holoprosencephaly (HPE). Substantial phenotypic variability and nonpenetrance have been described, posing difficulties in the counseling of affected families. We present three individuals with novel likely pathogenic GLI2 variants, two with truncating and one with a de novo missense variant p.(Ser548Leu), and review the literature for comprehensive phenotypic descriptions of individuals with confirmed pathogenic (a) intragenic GLI2 variants and (b) chromosome 2q14.2 deletions encompassing only GLI2. We show that most of the 31 missense variants previously reported as pathogenic are likely benign or, at most, low-risk variants. Four Zn-finger variants: p.(Arg479Gly), p.(Arg516Pro), p.(Gly518Lys), and p.(Tyr575His) were classified as likely pathogenic, and three other variants as possibly pathogenic: p.(Pro253Ser), p.(Ala593Val), and p.(Pro1243Leu). We analyze the phenotypic descriptions of 60 individuals with pathogenic GLI2 variants and evidence a morbidity spectrum that includes hypopituitarism (58%), HPE (6%) or other brain structure abnormalities (15%), orofacial clefting (17%) and dysmorphic facial features (35%). We establish that truncating and Zn-finger variants in GLI2 are associated with a high risk of hypopituitarism, and that a solitary median maxillary central incisor is part of the GLI2-related phenotypic variability. The most prevalent phenotypic feature is post-axial polydactyly (65%) which is also the mildest phenotypic expression of the condition, reported in many parents of individuals with systemic findings. Our approach clarifies clinical risks and the important messages to discuss in counseling for a pathogenic GLI2 variant.

Published
2022

7. BiallelicKITLGvariants lead to a distinct spectrum of hypomelanosis and sensorineural hearing loss

Author

Vona, B., primary, Schwartzbaum, D.A., additional, Rodriguez, A.A., additional, Lewis, S.S., additional, Toosi, M.B., additional, Radhakrishnan, P., additional, Bozan, N., additional, Akın, R., additional, Doosti, M., additional, Manju, R., additional, Duman, D., additional, Sineni, C.J., additional, Nampoothiri, S., additional, Karimiani, E.G., additional, Houlden, H., additional, Bademci, G., additional, Tekin, M., additional, Girisha, K.M., additional, Maroofian, R., additional, and Douzgou, S., additional

Published
2022
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8. A standard of care for individuals with PIK3CA-related disorders: An international expert consensus statement

Author

Douzgou S, Rawson M, Eulalia Baselga Torres, Danielpour M, Faivre L, Kashanian A, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Kuentz P, Mancini GMS, Maniere MC, Martinez-Glez V, Parker VE, Semple RK, Srivastava S, Vabres P, de Wit MY, Graham JM Jr, Clayton-Smith J, Mirzaa GM, and Biesecker LG

Subjects
expert consensus, mosaic, clinical management, PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum
Abstract

Growth promoting variants in PIK3CA cause a spectrum of developmental disorders, depending on the developmental timing of the mutation and tissues involved. These phenotypically heterogeneous entities have been grouped as PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum disorders (PROS). Deep sequencing technologies have facilitated detection of low-level mosaic, often necessitating testing of tissues other than blood. Since clinical management practices vary considerably among healthcare professionals and services across different countries, a consensus on management guidelines is needed. Clinical heterogeneity within this spectrum leads to challenges in establishing management recommendations, which must be based on patient-specific considerations. Moreover, as most of these conditions are rare, affected families may lack access to the medical expertise that is needed to help address the multi-system and often complex medical issues seen with PROS. In March 2019, macrocephaly-capillary malformation (M-CM) patient organizations hosted an expert meeting in Manchester, United Kingdom, to help address these challenges with regards to M-CM syndrome. We have expanded the scope of this project to cover PROS and developed this consensus statement on the preferred approach for managing affected individuals based on our current knowledge.

Published
2022

9. Deficiency of TET3 leads to a genome-wide DNA hypermethylation episignature in human whole blood (vol 6, 92, 2021)

Author

Levy, M.A., Beck, D.B., Metcalfe, K., Douzgou, S., Sithambaram, S., Cottrell, T., Ansar, M., Kerkhof, J., Mignot, C., Nougues, M.C., Keren, B., Moore, H.W., Oegema, R., Giltay, J.C., Simon, M., Jaarsveld, R.H. van, Bos, J., Haelst, M. van, Motazacker, M.M., Boon, E.M.J., Santen, G.W.E., Ruivenkamp, C.A.L., Alders, M., Luperchio, T.R., Boukas, L., Ramsey, K., Narayanan, V., Schaefer, G.B., Bonasio, R., Doheny, K.F., Stevenson, R.E., Banka, S., Sadikovic, B., and Fahrner, J.A.

Published
2021

10. Biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 cause a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and joint anomalies

Author

Iqbal, M, Maroofian, R, Çavdarlı, B, Riccardi, F, Field, M, Banka, S, Bubshait, DK, Li, Y, Hertecant, J, Baig, SM, Dyment, D, Efthymiou, S, Abdullah, U, Makhdoom, EUH, Ali, Z, Scherf de Almeida, T, Molinari, F, Mignon-Ravix, C, Chabrol, B, Antony, J, Ades, L, Pagnamenta, AT, Jackson, A, Douzgou, S, Genomics England Research Consortium, Beetz, C, Karageorgou, V, Vona, B, Rad, A, Baig, JM, Sultan, T, Alvi, JR, Maqbool, S, Rahman, F, Toosi, MB, Ashrafzadeh, F, Imannezhad, S, Karimiani, EG, Sarwar, Y, Khan, S, Jameel, M, Noegel, AA, Budde, B, Altmüller, J, Motameny, S, Höhne, W, Houlden, H, Nürnberg, P, Wollnik, B, Villard, L, Alkuraya, FS, Osmond, M, Hussain, MS, and Yigit, G

Abstract

PURPOSE: We aimed to define a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder, characterize its clinical features, and identify the underlying genetic cause for this condition. METHODS: We performed a detailed clinical characterization of 19 individuals from nine unrelated, consanguineous families with a neurodevelopmental disorder. We used genome/exome sequencing approaches, linkage and cosegregation analyses to identify disease-causing variants, and we performed three-dimensional molecular in silico analysis to predict causality of variants where applicable. RESULTS: In all affected individuals who presented with a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive microcephaly, seizures, and intellectual disability we identified biallelic disease-causing variants in Protocadherin-gamma-C4 (PCDHGC4). Five variants were predicted to induce premature protein truncation leading to a loss of PCDHGC4 function. The three detected missense variants were located in extracellular cadherin (EC) domains EC5 and EC6 of PCDHGC4, and in silico analysis of the affected residues showed that two of these substitutions were predicted to influence the Ca2+-binding affinity, which is essential for multimerization of the protein, whereas the third missense variant directly influenced the cis-dimerization interface of PCDHGC4. CONCLUSION: We show that biallelic variants in PCDHGC4 are causing a novel autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder and link PCDHGC4 as a member of the clustered PCDH family to a Mendelian disorder in humans.

Published
2021

12. Biallelic KITLG variants lead to a distinct spectrum of hypomelanosis and sensorineural hearing loss.

Author

Vona, B., Schwartzbaum, D.A., Rodriguez, A.A., Lewis, S.S., Toosi, M.B., Radhakrishnan, P., Bozan, N., Akın, R., Doosti, M., Manju, R., Duman, D., Sineni, C.J., Nampoothiri, S., Karimiani, E.G., Houlden, H., Bademci, G., Tekin, M., Girisha, K.M., Maroofian, R., and Douzgou, S.

Subjects
SENSORINEURAL hearing loss, HYPOPIGMENTATION, DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), HYPERPIGMENTATION, NEURAL crest, HEARING disorders, VITILIGO
Abstract

Background: Pathogenic variants in KITLG, a crucial protein involved in pigmentation and neural crest cell migration, cause non‐syndromic hearing loss, Waardenburg syndrome type 2, familial progressive hyperpigmentation and familial progressive hyper‐ and hypopigmentation, all of which are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Objectives: To describe the genotypic and clinical spectrum of biallelic KITLG‐variants. Methods: We used a genotype‐first approach through the GeneMatcher data sharing platform to collect individuals with biallelic KITLG variants and reviewed the literature for overlapping reports. Results: We describe the first case series with biallelic KITLG variants; we expand the known hypomelanosis spectrum to include a 'sock‐and‐glove‐like', symmetric distribution, progressive repigmentation and generalized hypomelanosis. We speculate that KITLG biallelic loss‐of‐function variants cause generalized hypomelanosis, whilst variants with residual function lead to a variable auditory‐pigmentary disorder mostly reminiscent of Waardenburg syndrome type 2 or piebaldism. Conclusions: We provide consolidating evidence that biallelic KITLG variants cause a distinct auditory‐pigmentary disorder. We evidence a significant clinical variability, similar to the one previously observed in KIT‐related piebaldism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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13. Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype

Author

Balasubramanian, M., Dingemans, A.J.M., Albaba, S., Richardson, R., Yates, T.M., Cox, H., Douzgou, S., Armstrong, R., Sansbury, F.H., Burke, K.B., Fry, A.E., Ragge, N., Sharif, S., Foster, A., Sandre-Giovannoli, A. De, Elouej, S., Vasudevan, P., Mansour, S., Wilson, K., Stewart, H., Heide, S. van der, Nava, C., Keren, B., Demirdas, S., Brooks, A.S., Vincent, M., Isidor, B., Küry, S., Schouten, M.I., Leenders, E.K.S.M., Chung, W.K., Haeringen, A.V., Scheffner, T., Debray, F.G., White, S.M., Palafoll, M.I.V., Pfundt, R.P., Newbury-Ecob, R., Kleefstra, T., Balasubramanian, M., Dingemans, A.J.M., Albaba, S., Richardson, R., Yates, T.M., Cox, H., Douzgou, S., Armstrong, R., Sansbury, F.H., Burke, K.B., Fry, A.E., Ragge, N., Sharif, S., Foster, A., Sandre-Giovannoli, A. De, Elouej, S., Vasudevan, P., Mansour, S., Wilson, K., Stewart, H., Heide, S. van der, Nava, C., Keren, B., Demirdas, S., Brooks, A.S., Vincent, M., Isidor, B., Küry, S., Schouten, M.I., Leenders, E.K.S.M., Chung, W.K., Haeringen, A.V., Scheffner, T., Debray, F.G., White, S.M., Palafoll, M.I.V., Pfundt, R.P., Newbury-Ecob, R., and Kleefstra, T.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 245024.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (OMIM 613406) is a recently defined neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SIN3A. We define the clinical and neurodevelopmental phenotypes related to SIN3A-haploinsufficiency in 28 unreported patients. Patients with SIN3A variants adversely affecting protein function have mild intellectual disability, growth and feeding difficulties. Involvement of a multidisciplinary team including a geneticist, paediatrician and neurologist should be considered in managing these patients. Patients described here were identified through a combination of clinical evaluation and gene matching strategies (GeneMatcher and Decipher). All patients consented to participate in this study. Mean age of this cohort was 8.2 years (17 males, 11 females). Out of 16 patients ≥ 8 years old assessed, eight (50%) had mild intellectual disability (ID), four had moderate ID (22%), and one had severe ID (6%). Four (25%) did not have any cognitive impairment. Other neurological symptoms such as seizures (4/28) and hypotonia (12/28) were common. Behaviour problems were reported in a minority. In patients ≥2 years, three were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and four with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We report 27 novel variants and one previously reported variant. 24 were truncating variants; three were missense variants and one large in-frame gain including exons 10-12.

Published
2021

14. Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype

Author

Balasubramanian, M. (Meena), Dingemans, A.J.M. (Alexander J. M.), Albaba, S. (Shadi), Richardson, R. (Ruth), Yates, T.M. (Thabo M.), Cox, H. (H.), Douzgou, S. (Sofia), Armstrong, R. (Ruth), Sansbury, F.H. (Francis H.), Burke, K.B. (Katherine B.), Fry, A.E. (Andrew E.), Ragge, N. (Nicola), Sharif, S. (Saba), Foster, A. (Alison), Sandre-Giovannoli, A. (Annachiara) de, Elouej, S. (Sahar), Vasudevan, P. (Pradeep), Mansour, S. (Sahar), Wilson, K. (Kate), Stewart, H. (Helen), Heide, S. (Solveig), Nava, C. (Caroline), Keren, B. (Boris), Demirdas, S. (Serwet), Brooks, A.S. (Alice S.), Vincent, M. (Marie), Isidor, B. (Bertrand), Küry, S. (Sebastien), Schouten, M. (Meyke), Leenders, E. (Erika), Chung, W. (Wendy), Haeringen, A. (Arie van), Scheffner, T. (Thomas), Debray, F.-G. (Francois-Guillaume), White, S.M. (Susan M.), Palafoll, M.I.V. (Maria Irene Valenzuela), Pfundt, R. (Rolph), Newbury-Ecob, R. (Ruth), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Balasubramanian, M. (Meena), Dingemans, A.J.M. (Alexander J. M.), Albaba, S. (Shadi), Richardson, R. (Ruth), Yates, T.M. (Thabo M.), Cox, H. (H.), Douzgou, S. (Sofia), Armstrong, R. (Ruth), Sansbury, F.H. (Francis H.), Burke, K.B. (Katherine B.), Fry, A.E. (Andrew E.), Ragge, N. (Nicola), Sharif, S. (Saba), Foster, A. (Alison), Sandre-Giovannoli, A. (Annachiara) de, Elouej, S. (Sahar), Vasudevan, P. (Pradeep), Mansour, S. (Sahar), Wilson, K. (Kate), Stewart, H. (Helen), Heide, S. (Solveig), Nava, C. (Caroline), Keren, B. (Boris), Demirdas, S. (Serwet), Brooks, A.S. (Alice S.), Vincent, M. (Marie), Isidor, B. (Bertrand), Küry, S. (Sebastien), Schouten, M. (Meyke), Leenders, E. (Erika), Chung, W. (Wendy), Haeringen, A. (Arie van), Scheffner, T. (Thomas), Debray, F.-G. (Francois-Guillaume), White, S.M. (Susan M.), Palafoll, M.I.V. (Maria Irene Valenzuela), Pfundt, R. (Rolph), Newbury-Ecob, R. (Ruth), and Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske)

Abstract

Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (OMIM 613406) is a recently defined neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SIN3A. We define the clinical and neurodevelopmental phenotypes related to SIN3A-haploinsufficiency in 28 unreported patients. Patients with SIN3A variants adversely affecting protein function have mild intellectual disability, growth and feeding difficulties. Involvement of a multidisciplinary team including a geneticist, paediatrician and neurologist should be considered in managing these patients. Patients described here were identified through a combination of clinical evaluation and gene matching strategies (GeneMatcher and Decipher). All patients consented to participate in this study. Mean age of this cohort was 8.2 years (17 males, 11 females). Out of 16 patients ≥ 8 years old assessed, eight (50%) had mild intellectual disability (ID), four had moderate ID (22%), and one had severe ID (6%). Four (25%) did not have any cognitive impairment. Other neurological symptoms such as seizures (4/28) and hypotonia (12/28) were common. Behaviour problems were reported in a minority. In patients ≥2 years, three were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and four with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We report 27 novel variants and one previously reported variant. 24 were truncating variants; three were missense variants and one large in-frame gain including exons 10–12.

Published
2021
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15. Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype

Author

Balasubramanian, M, Dingemans, AJM, Albaba, S, Richardson, R, Yates, TM, Cox, H, Douzgou, S, Armstrong, R, Sansbury, FH, Burke, KB, Fry, AE, Ragge, N, Sharif, S, Foster, A, De Sandre-Giovannoli, A, Elouej, S, Vasudevan, P, Mansour, S, Wilson, K, Stewart, H, Heide, S, Nava, C, Keren, B, Demirdas, S, Brooks, AS, Vincent, M, Isidor, B, Kury, S, Schouten, M, Leenders, E, Chung, WK, Haeringen, AV, Scheffner, T, Debray, F-G, White, SM, Palafoll, MIV, Pfundt, R, Newbury-Ecob, R, Kleefstra, T, Balasubramanian, M, Dingemans, AJM, Albaba, S, Richardson, R, Yates, TM, Cox, H, Douzgou, S, Armstrong, R, Sansbury, FH, Burke, KB, Fry, AE, Ragge, N, Sharif, S, Foster, A, De Sandre-Giovannoli, A, Elouej, S, Vasudevan, P, Mansour, S, Wilson, K, Stewart, H, Heide, S, Nava, C, Keren, B, Demirdas, S, Brooks, AS, Vincent, M, Isidor, B, Kury, S, Schouten, M, Leenders, E, Chung, WK, Haeringen, AV, Scheffner, T, Debray, F-G, White, SM, Palafoll, MIV, Pfundt, R, Newbury-Ecob, R, and Kleefstra, T

Abstract

Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (OMIM 613406) is a recently defined neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SIN3A. We define the clinical and neurodevelopmental phenotypes related to SIN3A-haploinsufficiency in 28 unreported patients. Patients with SIN3A variants adversely affecting protein function have mild intellectual disability, growth and feeding difficulties. Involvement of a multidisciplinary team including a geneticist, paediatrician and neurologist should be considered in managing these patients. Patients described here were identified through a combination of clinical evaluation and gene matching strategies (GeneMatcher and Decipher). All patients consented to participate in this study. Mean age of this cohort was 8.2 years (17 males, 11 females). Out of 16 patients ≥ 8 years old assessed, eight (50%) had mild intellectual disability (ID), four had moderate ID (22%), and one had severe ID (6%). Four (25%) did not have any cognitive impairment. Other neurological symptoms such as seizures (4/28) and hypotonia (12/28) were common. Behaviour problems were reported in a minority. In patients ≥2 years, three were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and four with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We report 27 novel variants and one previously reported variant. 24 were truncating variants; three were missense variants and one large in-frame gain including exons 10-12.

Published
2021

16. Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype

Author

Balasubramanian M, Dingemans AJM, lbaba S, Richardson R, Yates TM, Cox H, Douzgou S, Armstrong R, Sansbury FH, Burke KB, Fry AE, Ragge N, Sharif S, Foster A, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Elouej S, Vasudevan P, Mansour S, Wilson K, Stewart H, Heide S, Nava C, Keren B, Demirdas S, Brooks AS, Vincent M, Isidor B, Küry S, Schouten M, Leenders E, Chung WK, van Haeringen A, Scheffner T, Debray F, White SM, Valenzuela Palafoll MI, Pfundt R, Newbury-Ecob R, Kleefstra T, Balasubramanian M, Dingemans AJM, lbaba S, Richardson R, Yates TM, Cox H, Douzgou S, Armstrong R, Sansbury FH, Burke KB, Fry AE, Ragge N, Sharif S, Foster A, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Elouej S, Vasudevan P, Mansour S, Wilson K, Stewart H, Heide S, Nava C, Keren B, Demirdas S, Brooks AS, Vincent M, Isidor B, Küry S, Schouten M, Leenders E, Chung WK, van Haeringen A, Scheffner T, Debray F, White SM, Valenzuela Palafoll MI, Pfundt R, Newbury-Ecob R, and Kleefstra T

Abstract

Witteveen-Kolk syndrome (OMIM 613406) is a recently defined neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SIN3A. We define the clinical and neurodevelopmental phenotypes related to SIN3A-haploinsufficiency in 28 unreported patients. Patients with SIN3A variants adversely affecting protein function have mild intellectual disability, growth and feeding difficulties. Involvement of a multidisciplinary team including a geneticist, pediatrician and neurologist should be considered in managing these patients. Patients described here were identified through a combination of clinical evaluation and gene matching strategies (GeneMatcher and Decipher). All patients consented to participate in this study. Mean age of this cohort was 8.2 years (17 males, 11 females). Out of 16 patients ≥ eight years old assessed, eight (50%) had mild intellectual disability (ID), four had moderate ID (22%), and one had severe ID (6%). Four (25%) did not have any cognitive impairment. Other neurological symptoms such as seizures (4/28) and hypotonia (12/28) were common. Behaviour problems were reported in a minority. In patients ≥2 years, three were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and four with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We report 27 novel variants and one previously reported variant. 24 were truncating variants; three were missense variants and one large in-frame gain including exons 10-12.

Published
2021

18. SMAD6 variants in craniosynostosis : genotype and phenotype evaluation

Author

Calpena, E., Cuellar, A., Bala, K., Swagemakers, S.M.A., Koelling, N., McGowan, S.J., Phipps, J.M., Balasubramanian, M., Cunningham, M.L., Douzgou, S., Lattanzi, W., Morton, J.E.V., Shears, D., Weber, A., Wilson, L.C., Lord, H., Lester, T., Johnson, D., Wall, S.A., Twigg, S.R.F., Mathijssen, I.M.J., Boyadjiev, S.A., and Wilkie, A.O.M.

Abstract

PURPOSE: Enrichment of heterozygous missense and truncating SMAD6 variants was previously reported in nonsyndromic sagittal and metopic synostosis, and interaction of SMAD6 variants with a common polymorphism near BMP2 (rs1884302) was proposed to contribute to inconsistent penetrance. We determined the occurrence of SMAD6 variants in all types of craniosynostosis, evaluated the impact of different missense variants on SMAD6 function, and tested independently whether rs1884302 genotype significantly modifies the phenotype. METHODS: We performed resequencing of SMAD6 in 795 unsolved patients with any type of craniosynostosis and genotyped rs1884302 in SMAD6-positive individuals and relatives. We examined the inhibitory activity and stability of SMAD6 missense variants. RESULTS: We found 18 (2.3%) different rare damaging SMAD6 variants, with the highest prevalence in metopic synostosis (5.8%) and an 18.3-fold enrichment of loss-of-function variants comparedwith gnomAD data (P

Published
2020

19. SMAD6 variants in craniosynostosis: genotype and phenotype evaluation

Author

Calpena, E. (Eduardo), Cuellar, A. (Araceli), Bala, K. (Krithi), Swagemakers, S.M.A. (Sigrid), Koelling, N. (Nils), McGowan, S.J. (Simon), Phipps, J.M. (Julie), Balasubramanian, M. (Meena), Cunningham, M.L. (Michael L.), Douzgou, S. (Sofia), Lattanzi, W. (Wanda), Morton, J. (Jenny), Shears, D.J. (Deborah), Weber, A. (Astrid), Wilson, L.C. (Louise), Lord, H. (Helen), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Johnson, D. (David), Wall, S.A. (Steven A.), Twigg, S.R.F. (Stephen), Mathijssen, I.M.J. (Irene M. J.), Boyadjiev, S.A. (Simeon A.), Wilkie, A.O.M. (Andrew), Calpena, E. (Eduardo), Cuellar, A. (Araceli), Bala, K. (Krithi), Swagemakers, S.M.A. (Sigrid), Koelling, N. (Nils), McGowan, S.J. (Simon), Phipps, J.M. (Julie), Balasubramanian, M. (Meena), Cunningham, M.L. (Michael L.), Douzgou, S. (Sofia), Lattanzi, W. (Wanda), Morton, J. (Jenny), Shears, D.J. (Deborah), Weber, A. (Astrid), Wilson, L.C. (Louise), Lord, H. (Helen), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Johnson, D. (David), Wall, S.A. (Steven A.), Twigg, S.R.F. (Stephen), Mathijssen, I.M.J. (Irene M. J.), Boyadjiev, S.A. (Simeon A.), and Wilkie, A.O.M. (Andrew)

Abstract

Purpose: Enrichment of heterozygous missense and truncating SMAD6 variants was previously reported in nonsyndromic sagittal and metopic synostosis, and interaction of SMAD6 variants with a common polymorphism near BMP2 (rs1884302) was proposed to contribute to inconsistent penetrance. We determined the occurrence of SMAD6 variants in all types of craniosynostosis, evaluated the impact of different missense variants on SMAD6 function, and tested independently whether rs1884302 genotype significantly

Published
2020
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20. Correction: SMAD6 variants in craniosynostosis: genotype and phenotype evaluation (Genetics in Medicine, (2020), 10.1038/s41436-020-0817-2)

Author

Calpena, E. (Eduardo), Cuellar, A. (Araceli), Bala, K. (Krithi), Swagemakers, S.M.A. (Sigrid), Koelling, N. (Nils), McGowan, S.J. (Simon), Phipps, J.M. (Julie), Balasubramanian, M. (Meena), Cunningham, M.L. (Michael L.), Douzgou, S. (Sofia), Lattanzi, W. (Wanda), Morton, J. (Jenny), Shears, D.J. (Deborah), Weber, A. (Astrid), Wilson, L.C. (Louise), Lord, H. (Helen), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Johnson, D. (David), Wall, S.A. (Steven), Twigg, S.R.F. (Stephen), Mathijssen, I.M.J. (Irene M. J.), Boardman-Pretty, F. (Freya), Boyadjiev, S.A. (Simeon A.), Wilkie, A.O.M. (Andrew), Calpena, E. (Eduardo), Cuellar, A. (Araceli), Bala, K. (Krithi), Swagemakers, S.M.A. (Sigrid), Koelling, N. (Nils), McGowan, S.J. (Simon), Phipps, J.M. (Julie), Balasubramanian, M. (Meena), Cunningham, M.L. (Michael L.), Douzgou, S. (Sofia), Lattanzi, W. (Wanda), Morton, J. (Jenny), Shears, D.J. (Deborah), Weber, A. (Astrid), Wilson, L.C. (Louise), Lord, H. (Helen), Lester, K.J. (Kathryn), Johnson, D. (David), Wall, S.A. (Steven), Twigg, S.R.F. (Stephen), Mathijssen, I.M.J. (Irene M. J.), Boardman-Pretty, F. (Freya), Boyadjiev, S.A. (Simeon A.), and Wilkie, A.O.M. (Andrew)

Abstract

The version of the Article previously published did not acknowledge Freya Boardman-Pretty17,18 and the Genomics England Research Consortium in the author list. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Published
2020
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21. SMAD6 variants in craniosynostosis: genotype and phenotype evaluation

Author

Calpena, E, Cuellar, A, Bala, K, Swagemakers, Sigrid, Koelling, N, McGowan, SJ, Phipps, JM, Balasubramanian, M, Cunningham, ML, Douzgou, S, Lattanzi, W, Morton, JEV, Shears, D, Weber, A, Wilson, LC, Lord, H, Lester, T, Johnson, D, Wall, SA, Twigg, SRF, Mathijssen, Irene, Boardman-Pretty, F, Boyadjiev, SA, Wilkie, AOM, Calpena, E, Cuellar, A, Bala, K, Swagemakers, Sigrid, Koelling, N, McGowan, SJ, Phipps, JM, Balasubramanian, M, Cunningham, ML, Douzgou, S, Lattanzi, W, Morton, JEV, Shears, D, Weber, A, Wilson, LC, Lord, H, Lester, T, Johnson, D, Wall, SA, Twigg, SRF, Mathijssen, Irene, Boardman-Pretty, F, Boyadjiev, SA, and Wilkie, AOM

Published
2020

26. Germline selection shapes human mitochondrial DNA diversity

Author

Wei, W, Tuna, S, Keogh, MJ, Smith, KR, Aitman, TJ, Beales, PL, Bennett, DL, Gale, DP, Bitner-Glindzicz, MAK, Black, GC, Brennan, P, Elliott, P, Flinter, FA, Floto, RA, Houlden, H, Irving, M, Koziell, A, Maher, ER, Markus, HS, Morrell, NW, Newman, WG, Roberts, I, Sayer, JA, Smith, KGC, Taylor, JC, Watkins, H, Webster, AR, Wilkie, AOM, Williamson, C, Attwood, A, Brown, M, Brod, NC, Crisp-Hihn, A, Davis, J, Deevi, SVV, Dewhurst, EF, Edwards, K, Erwood, M, Fox, J, Frary, AJ, Hu, F, Jolley, J, Kingston, N, Linger, R, Mapeta, R, Martin, J, Meacham, S, Papadia, S, Rayner-Matthews, PJ, Samarghitean, C, Shamardina, O, Simeoni, I, Staines, S, Staples, E, Stark, H, Stephens, J, Titterton, C, Von Ziegenweidt, J, Watt, C, Whitehorn, D, Wood, Y, Yates, K, Yu, P, James, R, Ashford, S, Penkett, CJ, Stirrups, KE, Bariana, T, Lentaigne, C, Sivapalaratnam, S, Westbury, SK, Allsup, DJ, Bakchoul, T, Biss, T, Boyce, S, Collins, J, Collins, PW, Curry, NS, Downes, K, Dutt, T, Erber, WN, Evans, G, Everington, T, Favier, R, Gomez, K, Greene, D, Gresele, P, Hart, D, Kazmi, R, Kelly, AM, Lambert, M, Madan, B, Mangles, S, Mathias, M, Millar, C, Obaji, S, Peerlinck, K, Roughley, C, Schulman, S, Scully, M, Shapiro, SE, Sibson, K, Sims, MC, Tait, RC, Talks, K, Thys, C, Toh, C-H, Van Geet, C, Westwood, J-P, Mumford, AD, Ouwehand, WH, Freson, K, Laffan, MA, Tan, RYY, Harkness, K, Mehta, S, Muir, KW, Hassan, A, Traylor, M, Drazyk, AM, Parry, D, Ahmed, M, Kazkaz, H, Vandersteen, AM, Ormondroyd, E, Thomson, K, Dent, T, Buchan, RJ, Bueser, T, Carr-White, G, Cook, S, Daniels, MJ, Harper, AR, Ware, JS, Dixon, PH, Chambers, J, Cheng, F, Estiu, MC, Hague, WM, Marschall, H-U, Vazquez-Lopez, M, Arno, G, French, CE, Michaelides, M, Moore, AT, Sanchis-Juan, A, Carss, K, Raymond, FL, Chinnery, PF, Griffiths, P, Horvath, R, Hudson, G, Jurkute, N, Pyle, A, Yu-Wai-Man, P, Whitworth, J, Adlard, J, Armstrong, R, Brewer, C, Casey, R, Cole, TRP, Evans, DG, Greenhalgh, L, Hanson, HL, Hoffman, J, Izatt, L, Kumar, A, Lalloo, F, Ong, KR, Park, S-M, Searle, C, Side, L, Snape, K, Woodward, E, Tischkowitz, M, Grozeva, D, Kurian, MA, Themistocleous, AC, Gosal, D, Marshall, A, Matthews, E, McCarthy, MI, Renton, T, Rice, ASC, Vale, T, Walker, SM, Woods, CG, Thaventhiran, JE, Allen, HL, Savic, S, Alachkar, H, Antrobus, R, Baxendale, HE, Browning, MJ, Buckland, MS, Cooper, N, Edgar, JDM, Egner, W, Gilmour, KC, Goddard, S, Gordins, P, Grigoriadou, S, Hackett, S, Hague, R, Hayman, G, Herwadkar, A, Huissoon, AP, Jolles, S, Kelleher, P, Kumararatne, D, Longhurst, H, Lorenzo, LE, Lyons, PA, Maimaris, J, Noorani, S, Richter, A, Sargur, RB, Sewell, WAC, Thomas, D, Thomas, MJ, Worth, A, Yong, PFK, Kuijpers, TW, Thrasher, AJ, Levine, AP, Sadeghi-Alavijeh, O, Wong, EKS, Cook, HT, Chan, MMY, Hall, M, Harris, C, McAlinden, P, Marchbank, KJ, Marks, S, Maxwell, H, Mozere, M, Wessels, J, Johnson, SA, Bleda, M, Hadinnapola, C, Haimel, M, Swietlik, E, Bogaard, H, Church, C, Coghlan, G, Condliffe, R, Corris, P, Danesino, C, Eyries, M, Gall, H, Ghofrani, H-A, Gibbs, JSR, Girerd, B, Holden, S, Houweling, A, Howard, LS, Humbert, M, Kiely, DG, Kovacs, G, Lawrie, A, Ross, RVM, Moledina, S, Montani, D, Newnham, M, Olschewski, A, Olschewski, H, Peacock, A, Pepke-Zaba, J, Scelsi, L, Seeger, W, Soubrier, F, Suntharalingam, J, Toshner, M, Treacy, C, Trembath, R, Noordegraaf, AV, Waisfisz, Q, Wharton, J, Wilkins, MR, Wort, SJ, Graf, S, Louka, E, Roy, NB, Rao, A, Ancliff, P, Babbs, C, Layton, DM, Mead, AJ, O'Sullivan, J, Okoli, S, Saleem, M, Bierzynska, A, Diz, CB, Colby, E, Ekani, MN, Satchell, S, Fowler, T, Rendon, A, Scott, R, Smedley, D, Thomas, E, Caulfield, M, Abbs, S, Burrows, N, Chitre, M, Gattens, M, Gurnell, M, Kelsall, W, Poole, KES, Ross-Russell, R, Spasic-Boskovic, O, Twiss, P, Wagner, A, Banka, S, Clayton-Smith, J, Douzgou, S, Abulhoul, L, Aurora, P, Bockenhauer, D, Cleary, M, Dattani, M, Ganesan, V, Pilkington, C, Rahman, S, Shah, N, Wedderburn, L, Compton, CJ, Deshpande, C, Fassihi, H, Haque, E, Josifova, D, Mohammed, SN, Robert, L, Rose, SJ, Ruddy, DM, Sarkany, RN, Sayer, G, Shaw, AC, Campbell, C, Gibson, K, Koelling, N, Lester, T, Nemeth, AH, Palles, C, Patel, S, Sen, A, Taylor, J, Tomlinson, IP, Malka, S, Browning, AC, Burn, J, De Soyza, A, Graham, J, Pearce, S, Quinton, R, Schaefer, AM, Wilson, BT, Wright, M, Simpson, M, Syrris, P, Bradley, JR, Turro, E, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, Medical Research Council (MRC), Wellcome Trust, Wei, Wei [0000-0002-2945-3543], Tuna, Salih [0000-0003-3606-4367], Smith, Katherine R [0000-0002-0329-5938], Beales, Phil L [0000-0002-9164-9782], Bennett, David L [0000-0002-7996-2696], Gale, Daniel P [0000-0002-9170-1579], Brennan, Paul [0000-0003-1128-6254], Elliott, Perry [0000-0003-3383-3984], Floto, R Andres [0000-0002-2188-5659], Houlden, Henry [0000-0002-2866-7777], Koziell, Ania [0000-0003-4882-0246], Maher, Eamonn R [0000-0002-6226-6918], Markus, Hugh S [0000-0002-9794-5996], Morrell, Nicholas W [0000-0001-5700-9792], Newman, William G [0000-0002-6382-4678], Sayer, John A [0000-0003-1881-3782], Smith, Kenneth GC [0000-0003-3829-4326], Taylor, Jenny C [0000-0003-3602-5704], Watkins, Hugh [0000-0002-5287-9016], Webster, Andrew R [0000-0001-6915-9560], Wilkie, Andrew OM [0000-0002-2972-5481], Penkett, Christopher J [0000-0003-4006-7261], Stirrups, Kathleen E [0000-0002-6823-3252], Rendon, Augusto [0000-0001-8994-0039], Bradley, John R [0000-0002-7774-8805], Turro, Ernest [0000-0002-1820-6563], Chinnery, Patrick F [0000-0002-7065-6617], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Non-Mendelian inheritance, Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, Ovum/growth & development, MTDNA, TRANSCRIPTION, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, NIHR BioResource–Rare Diseases, ASSOCIATION, Heteroplasmy, Mitochondrial, Multidisciplinary Sciences, GENOME, REPLACEMENT, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, Maternal Inheritance, Mitochondrial DNA, General Science & Technology, Genetic genealogy, Population, Biology, Human mitochondrial genetics, SEQUENCE, DNA, Mitochondrial, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic, 100,000 Genomes Project–Rare Diseases Pilot, Genetic variation, MD Multidisciplinary, Humans, Selection, Genetic, education, Selection, Ovum, Science & Technology, MUTATIONS, Genetic Variation, DNA, LEIGH-DISEASE, 030104 developmental biology, REPLICATION, Genome, Mitochondrial, HETEROPLASMY, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Only 2.4% of the 16.5-kb mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome shows homoplasmic variation at >1% frequency in humans. Migration patterns have contributed to geographic differences in the frequency of common genetic variants, but population genetic evidence indicates that selection shapes the evolving mtDNA phylogeny. The mechanism and timing of this process are not clear. Unlike the nuclear genome, mtDNA is maternally transmitted and there are many copies in each cell. Initially, a new genetic variant affects only a proportion of the mtDNA (heteroplasmy). During female germ cell development, a reduction in the amount of mtDNA per cell causes a “genetic bottleneck,” which leads to rapid segregation of mtDNA molecules and different levels of heteroplasmy between siblings. Although heteroplasmy is primarily governed by random genetic drift, there is evidence of selection occurring during this process in animals. Yet it has been difficult to demonstrate this convincingly in humans. RATIONALE To determine whether there is selection for or against heteroplasmic mtDNA variants during transmission, we studied 12,975 whole-genome sequences, including 1526 mother–offspring pairs of which 45.1% had heteroplasmy affecting >1% of mtDNA molecules. Harnessing both the mtDNA and nuclear genome sequences, we then determined whether the nuclear genetic background influenced mtDNA heteroplasmy, validating our findings in another 40,325 individuals. RESULTS Previously unknown mtDNA variants were less likely to be inherited than known variants, in which the level of heteroplasmy tended to increase on transmission. Variants in the ribosomal RNA genes were less likely to be transmitted, whereas variants in the noncoding displacement (D)–loop were more likely to be transmitted. MtDNA variants predicted to affect the protein sequence tended to have lower heteroplasmy levels than synonymous variants. In 12,975 individuals, we identified a correlation between the location of heteroplasmic sites and known D-loop polymorphisms, including the absence of variants in critical sites required for mtDNA transcription and replication. We defined 206 unrelated individuals for which the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes were from different human populations. In these individuals, new population-specific heteroplasmies were more likely to match the nuclear genetic ancestry than the mitochondrial genome on which the mutations occurred. These findings were independently replicated in 654 additional unrelated individuals. CONCLUSION The characteristics of mtDNA in the human population are shaped by selective forces acting on heteroplasmy within the female germ line and are influenced by the nuclear genetic background. The signature of selection can be seen over one generation, ensuring consistency between these two independent genetic systems.

Published
2019
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27. The CHD8 overgrowth syndrome: A detailed evaluation of an emerging overgrowth phenotype in 27 patients

Author

Ostrowski, P.J., Zachariou, A., Loveday, C., Beleza-Meireles, A., Bertoli, M., Dean, J., Douglas, A.G.L., Ellis, I., Foster, A., Graham, J.M., Hague, J., Hilhorst-Hofstee, Y., Hoffer, M., Johnson, D., Josifova, D., Kant, S.G., Kini, U., Lachlan, K., Lam, W., Lees, M., Lynch, S., Maitz, S., McKee, S., Metcalfe, K., Nathanson, K., Ockeloen, C.W., Parker, M.J., Pierson, T.M., Rahikkala, E., Sanchez-Lara, P.A., Spano, A., Maldergem, L. Van, Cole, T., Douzgou, S., Tatton-Brown, K., Ostrowski, P.J., Zachariou, A., Loveday, C., Beleza-Meireles, A., Bertoli, M., Dean, J., Douglas, A.G.L., Ellis, I., Foster, A., Graham, J.M., Hague, J., Hilhorst-Hofstee, Y., Hoffer, M., Johnson, D., Josifova, D., Kant, S.G., Kini, U., Lachlan, K., Lam, W., Lees, M., Lynch, S., Maitz, S., McKee, S., Metcalfe, K., Nathanson, K., Ockeloen, C.W., Parker, M.J., Pierson, T.M., Rahikkala, E., Sanchez-Lara, P.A., Spano, A., Maldergem, L. Van, Cole, T., Douzgou, S., and Tatton-Brown, K.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, CHD8 has been reported as an autism susceptibility/intellectual disability gene but emerging evidence suggests that it additionally causes an overgrowth phenotype. This study reports 27 unrelated patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic CHD8 variants (25 null variants, two missense variants) and a male:female ratio of 21:6 (3.5:1, p < .01). All patients presented with intellectual disability, with 85% in the mild or moderate range, and 85% had a height and/or head circumference >/=2 standard deviations above the mean, meeting our clinical criteria for overgrowth. Behavioral problems were reported in the majority of patients (78%), with over half (56%) either formally diagnosed with an autistic spectrum disorder or described as having autistic traits. Additional clinical features included neonatal hypotonia (33%), and less frequently seizures, pes planus, scoliosis, fifth finger clinodactyly, umbilical hernia, and glabellar hemangioma (

Published
2019

28. Enabling global clinical collaborations on identifiable patient data: The Minerva Initiative

Author

Nellåker, C., Alkuraya, F.S., Baynam, G., Bernier, R.A., Bernier, F.P.J., Boulanger, V., Brudno, M., Brunner, H.G., Clayton-Smith, J., Cogné, B., Dawkins, H.J.S., deVries, B.B.A., Douzgou, S., Dudding-Byth, T., Eichler, E.E., Ferlaino, M., Fieggen, K., Firth, H.V., FitzPatrick, D.R., Gration, D., Groza, T., Haendel, M., Hallowell, N., Hamosh, A., Hehir-Kwa, J., Hitz, M-P, Hughes, M., Kini, U., Kleefstra, T., Kooy, R.F., Krawitz, P., Küry, S., Lees, M., Lyon, G.J., Lyonnet, S., Marcadier, J.L., Meyn, S., Moslerová, V., Politei, J.M., Poulton, C.C., Raymond, F.L., Reijnders, M.R.F., Robinson, P.N., Romano, C., Rose, C.M., Sainsbury, D.C.G., Schofield, L., Sutton, V.R., Turnovec, M., Van Dijck, A., Van Esch, H., Wilkie, A.O.M., Nellåker, C., Alkuraya, F.S., Baynam, G., Bernier, R.A., Bernier, F.P.J., Boulanger, V., Brudno, M., Brunner, H.G., Clayton-Smith, J., Cogné, B., Dawkins, H.J.S., deVries, B.B.A., Douzgou, S., Dudding-Byth, T., Eichler, E.E., Ferlaino, M., Fieggen, K., Firth, H.V., FitzPatrick, D.R., Gration, D., Groza, T., Haendel, M., Hallowell, N., Hamosh, A., Hehir-Kwa, J., Hitz, M-P, Hughes, M., Kini, U., Kleefstra, T., Kooy, R.F., Krawitz, P., Küry, S., Lees, M., Lyon, G.J., Lyonnet, S., Marcadier, J.L., Meyn, S., Moslerová, V., Politei, J.M., Poulton, C.C., Raymond, F.L., Reijnders, M.R.F., Robinson, P.N., Romano, C., Rose, C.M., Sainsbury, D.C.G., Schofield, L., Sutton, V.R., Turnovec, M., Van Dijck, A., Van Esch, H., and Wilkie, A.O.M.

Abstract

The clinical utility of computational phenotyping for both genetic and rare diseases is increasingly appreciated; however, its true potential is yet to be fully realized. Alongside the growing clinical and research availability of sequencing technologies, precise deep and scalable phenotyping is required to serve unmet need in genetic and rare diseases. To improve the lives of individuals affected with rare diseases through deep phenotyping, global big data interrogation is necessary to aid our understanding of disease biology, assist diagnosis, and develop targeted treatment strategies. This includes the application of cutting-edge machine learning methods to image data. As with most digital tools employed in health care, there are ethical and data governance challenges associated with using identifiable personal image data. There are also risks with failing to deliver on the patient benefits of these new technologies, the biggest of which is posed by data siloing. The Minerva Initiative has been designed to enable the public good of deep phenotyping while mitigating these ethical risks. Its open structure, enabling collaboration and data sharing between individuals, clinicians, researchers and private enterprise, is key for delivering precision public health.

Published
2019

29. De Novo and Inherited Loss-of-Function Variants in TLK2: Clinical and Genotype-Phenotype Evaluation of a Distinct Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Author

Reijnders, MRF, Miller, KA, Alvi, M, Goos, JAC, Lees, MM, de Burca, A, Henderson, A, Kraus, A, Mikat, B, de Vries, BBA, Isidor, B, Kerr, B, Marcelis, C, Schluth-Bolard, C, Deshpande, C, Ruivenkamp, CAL, Wieczorek, D, Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, Baralle, D, Blair, EM, Engels, H, Lüdecke, H-J, Eason, J, Santen, GWE, Clayton-Smith, J, Chandler, K, Tatton-Brown, K, Payne, K, Helbig, K, Radtke, K, Nugent, KM, Cremer, K, Strom, TM, Bird, LM, Sinnema, M, Bitner-Glindzicz, M, van Dooren, MF, Alders, M, Koopmans, M, Brick, L, Kozenko, M, Harline, ML, Klaassens, M, Steinraths, M, Cooper, NS, Edery, P, Yap, P, Terhal, PA, van der Spek, PJ, Lakeman, P, Taylor, RL, Littlejohn, RO, Pfundt, R, Mercimek-Andrews, S, Stegmann, APA, Kant, SG, McLean, S, Joss, S, Swagemakers, SMA, Douzgou, S, Wall, SA, Küry, S, Calpena, E, Koelling, N, McGowan, SJ, Twigg, SRF, Mathijssen, IMJ, Nellaker, C, Brunner, HG, and Wilkie, AOM

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, kinase, Messenger, Inheritance Patterns, Translocation, Medical and Health Sciences, Cell Line, Young Adult, Genetic, Clinical Research, Loss of Function Mutation, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Humans, Aetiology, Child, Preschool, Genetic Association Studies, Genetics & Heredity, Tousled-like, Base Sequence, Human Genome, Neurosciences, Facies, Infant, Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study, Biological Sciences, Brain Disorders, haploinsufficiency, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, intellectual disability, RNA, Female, Protein Kinases, facial averaging, Biotechnology
Abstract

Next-generation sequencing is a powerful tool for the discovery of genes related to neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Here, we report the identification of a distinct syndrome due to de novo or inherited heterozygous mutations in Tousled-like kinase 2 (TLK2) in 38 unrelated individuals and two affected mothers, using whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing technologies, matchmaker databases, and international collaborations. Affected individuals had a consistent phenotype, characterized by mild-borderline neurodevelopmental delay (86%), behavioral disorders (68%), severe gastro-intestinal problems (63%), and facial dysmorphism including blepharophimosis (82%), telecanthus (74%), prominent nasal bridge (68%), broad nasal tip (66%), thin vermilion of the upper lip (62%), and upslanting palpebral fissures (55%). Analysis of cell lines from three affected individuals showed that mutations act through a loss-of-function mechanism in at least two case subjects. Genotype-phenotype analysis and comparison of computationally modeled faces showed that phenotypes of these and other individuals with loss-of-function variants significantly overlapped with phenotypes of individuals with other variant types (missense and C-terminal truncating). This suggests that haploinsufficiency of TLK2 is the most likely underlying disease mechanism, leading to a consistent neurodevelopmental phenotype. This work illustrates the power of international data sharing, by the identification of 40 individuals from 26 different centers in 7 different countries, allowing the identification, clinical delineation, and genotype-phenotype evaluation of a distinct NDD caused by mutations in TLK2.

Published
2018

30. De Novo and Inherited Loss-of-Function Variants in TLK2 : Clinical and Genotype-Phenotype Evaluation of a Distinct Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Author

Reijnders, M.R.F., Miller, K.A., Alvi, M., Goos, J.A.C., Lees, M.M., Burca, A. de, Henderson, A., Kraus, A., Mikat, B., Vries, B.B.A. de, Isidor, B., Kerr, B., Marcelis, C.L.M., Schluth-Bolard, C., Deshpande, C., Ruivenkamp, C.A.L., Wieczorek, D., Baralle, D., Blair, E.M., Engels, H., Ludecke, H.J., Eason, J., Santen, G.W.E., Clayton-Smith, J., Chandler, K., Tatton-Brown, K., Payne, K., Helbig, K., Radtke, K., Nugent, K.M., Cremer, K., Strom, T.M., Bird, L.M., Sinnema, M., Bitner-Glindzicz, M., Dooren, M.F. van, Alders, M., Koopmans, M., Brick, L., Kozenko, M., Harline, M.L., Klaassens, M., Steinraths, M., Cooper, N.S., Edery, P., Yap, P., Terhal, P.A., Spek, P.J. van der, Lakeman, P., Taylor, R.L., Littlejohn, R.O., Pfundt, R.P., Mercimek-Andrews, S., Stegmann, A.P.A., Kant, S.G., McLean, S., Joss, S., Swagemakers, S.M.A., Douzgou, S., Wall, S.A., Kury, S., Calpena, E., Koelling, N., McGowan, S.J., Twigg, S.R.F., Mathijssen, I.M.J., Nellaker, C., Brunner, H.G., Wilkie, A.O.M., Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, Clinical Genetics, and Pathology

Subjects
Tousled-like, Facial Averaging, Haploinsufficiency, Intellectual Disability, Kinase, Adult, Male, Adolescent, kinase, viruses, Inheritance Patterns, Medizin, Translocation, Genetic, Cell Line, Young Adult, Loss of Function Mutation, Report, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Child, Genetic Association Studies, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], Base Sequence, Facies, Infant, haploinsufficiency, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, intellectual disability, Child, Preschool, Female, Protein Kinases, facial averaging, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract

Human adenovirus (HAdV) E1B-55K is a multifunctional regulator of productive viral replication and oncogenic transformation in nonpermissive mammalian cells. These functions depend on E1B-55K's posttranslational modification with the SUMO protein and its binding to HAdV E4orf6. Both early viral proteins recruit specific host factors to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that targets antiviral host substrates for proteasomal degradation. Recently, we reported that the PML-NB associated factor Daxx represses efficient HAdV productive infection and is proteasomally degraded via a SUMO-E1B-55K-dependent, E4orf6-independent pathway, the details of which remained to be established. RNF4, a cellular SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL), induces ubiquitinylation of specific SUMOy lated proteins and plays an essential role during DNA repair. Here, we show that E1B-55K recruits RNF4 to the insoluble nuclear matrix fraction of the infected cell to support RNF4/Daxx association, promoting Daxx PTM and thus inhibiting this antiviral factor. Removing RNF4 from infected cells using RNA interference resulted in blocking the proper establishment of viral replication centers and significantly diminished viral gene expression. These results provide a model for how HAdV antagonize the antiviral host responses by exploiting the functional capacity of cellular STUbLs. Thus, RNF4 and its STUbL function represent a positive factor during lytic infection and a novel candidate for future therapeutic antiviral intervention strategies.IMPORTANCE Daxx is a PML-NB-associated transcription factor that was recently shown to repress efficient HAdV productive infection. To counteract this antiviral measurement during infection, Daxx is degraded via a novel pathway including viral E1B-55K and host proteasomes. This virus-mediated degradation is independent of the classical HAdV E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which is essential during viral infection to target other host antiviral substrates. To maintain a productive viral life cycle, HAdV E1B-55K early viral protein inhibits the chromatin-remodeling factor Daxx in a SUMO-dependent manner. In addition, viral E1B-55K protein recruits the STUbL RNF4 and sequesters it into the insoluble fraction of the infected cell. E1B-55K promotes complex formation between RNF4-and E1B-55K-targeted Daxx protein, supporting Daxx posttranslational modification prior to functional inhibition. Hence, RNF4 represents a novel host factor that is beneficial for HAdV gene expression by supporting Daxx counteraction. In this regard, RNF4 and other STUbL proteins might represent novel targets for therapeutic intervention.

Published
2018

31. PURA syndrome: clinical delineation and genotype-phenotype study in 32 individuals with review of published literature

Author

Reijnders, M.R.F., Janowski, R., Alvi, M., Self, J.E., Essen, T.J. van, Vreeburg, M., Rouhl, R.P.W., Stevens, S.J.C., Stegmann, A.P.A., Schieving, J.H., Pfundt, R.P., Dijk, K van, Smeets, E., Stumpel, C., Bok, L.A, Cobben, J.M., Engelen, M., Mansour, S., Whiteford, M., Chandler, K.E., Douzgou, S., Cooper, N.S., Tan, Ene-Choo, Foo, R., Lai, A.H., Rankin, J., Green, A., Lonnqvist, T., Isohanni, P., Williams, S., Ruhoy, I., Carvalho, K.S., Dowling, J.J., Lev, D.L., Sterbova, K., Lassuthova, P., Neupauerova, J., Waugh, J.L., Keros, S., Clayton-Smith, J., Smithson, S.F., Brunner, H.G., Hoeckel, C. van, Anderson, M., Clowes, V.E., Siu, V.M., Study, T. Ddd, Selber, P., Leventer, R.J., Nellaker, C., Niessing, D., Hunt, D., Baralle, D., Reijnders, M.R.F., Janowski, R., Alvi, M., Self, J.E., Essen, T.J. van, Vreeburg, M., Rouhl, R.P.W., Stevens, S.J.C., Stegmann, A.P.A., Schieving, J.H., Pfundt, R.P., Dijk, K van, Smeets, E., Stumpel, C., Bok, L.A, Cobben, J.M., Engelen, M., Mansour, S., Whiteford, M., Chandler, K.E., Douzgou, S., Cooper, N.S., Tan, Ene-Choo, Foo, R., Lai, A.H., Rankin, J., Green, A., Lonnqvist, T., Isohanni, P., Williams, S., Ruhoy, I., Carvalho, K.S., Dowling, J.J., Lev, D.L., Sterbova, K., Lassuthova, P., Neupauerova, J., Waugh, J.L., Keros, S., Clayton-Smith, J., Smithson, S.F., Brunner, H.G., Hoeckel, C. van, Anderson, M., Clowes, V.E., Siu, V.M., Study, T. Ddd, Selber, P., Leventer, R.J., Nellaker, C., Niessing, D., Hunt, D., and Baralle, D.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 190731.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: De novo mutations in PURA have recently been described to cause PURA syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, feeding difficulties and neonatal hypotonia. OBJECTIVES: To delineate the clinical spectrum of PURA syndrome and study genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS: Diagnostic or research-based exome or Sanger sequencing was performed in individuals with ID. We systematically collected clinical and mutation data on newly ascertained PURA syndrome individuals, evaluated data of previously reported individuals and performed a computational analysis of photographs. We classified mutations based on predicted effect using 3D in silico models of crystal structures of Drosophila-derived Pur-alpha homologues. Finally, we explored genotype-phenotype correlations by analysis of both recurrent mutations as well as mutation classes. RESULTS: We report mutations in PURA (purine-rich element binding protein A) in 32 individuals, the largest cohort described so far. Evaluation of clinical data, including 22 previously published cases, revealed that all have moderate to severe ID and neonatal-onset symptoms, including hypotonia (96%), respiratory problems (57%), feeding difficulties (77%), exaggerated startle response (44%), hypersomnolence (66%) and hypothermia (35%). Epilepsy (54%) and gastrointestinal (69%), ophthalmological (51%) and endocrine problems (42%) were observed frequently. Computational analysis of facial photographs showed subtle facial dysmorphism. No strong genotype-phenotype correlation was identified by subgrouping mutations into functional classes. CONCLUSION: We delineate the clinical spectrum of PURA syndrome with the identification of 32 additional individuals. The identification of one individual through targeted Sanger sequencing points towards the clinical recognisability of the syndrome. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed no significant correlation between mutation classes and

Published
2018

32. PURA syndrome: clinical delineation and genotype-phenotype study in 32 individuals with review of published literature

Author

Reijnders, MRF, Janowski, R, Alvi, M, Self, JE, van Essen, TJ, Vreeburg, M, Rouhl, RPW, Stevens, SJC, Stegmann, APA, Schieving, J, Pfundt, R, van Dijk, K, Smeets, E, Stumpel, CTRM, Bok, LA, Cobben, JM, Engelen, M, Mansour, S, Whiteford, M, Chandler, KE, Douzgou, S, Cooper, NS, Tan, E-C, Foo, R, Lai, AHM, Rankin, J, Green, A, Loennqvist, T, Isohanni, P, Williams, S, Ruhoy, I, Carvalho, KS, Dowling, JJ, Lev, DL, Sterbova, K, Lassuthova, P, Neupauerova, J, Waugh, JL, Keros, S, Clayton-Smith, J, Smithson, SF, Brunner, HG, van Hoeckel, C, Anderson, M, Clowes, VE, Siu, VM, Selber, P, Leventer, RJ, Nellaker, C, Niessing, D, Hunt, D, Baralle, D, Reijnders, MRF, Janowski, R, Alvi, M, Self, JE, van Essen, TJ, Vreeburg, M, Rouhl, RPW, Stevens, SJC, Stegmann, APA, Schieving, J, Pfundt, R, van Dijk, K, Smeets, E, Stumpel, CTRM, Bok, LA, Cobben, JM, Engelen, M, Mansour, S, Whiteford, M, Chandler, KE, Douzgou, S, Cooper, NS, Tan, E-C, Foo, R, Lai, AHM, Rankin, J, Green, A, Loennqvist, T, Isohanni, P, Williams, S, Ruhoy, I, Carvalho, KS, Dowling, JJ, Lev, DL, Sterbova, K, Lassuthova, P, Neupauerova, J, Waugh, JL, Keros, S, Clayton-Smith, J, Smithson, SF, Brunner, HG, van Hoeckel, C, Anderson, M, Clowes, VE, Siu, VM, Selber, P, Leventer, RJ, Nellaker, C, Niessing, D, Hunt, D, and Baralle, D

Abstract

BACKGROUND: De novo mutations in PURA have recently been described to cause PURA syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy, feeding difficulties and neonatal hypotonia. OBJECTIVES: To delineate the clinical spectrum of PURA syndrome and study genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS: Diagnostic or research-based exome or Sanger sequencing was performed in individuals with ID. We systematically collected clinical and mutation data on newly ascertained PURA syndrome individuals, evaluated data of previously reported individuals and performed a computational analysis of photographs. We classified mutations based on predicted effect using 3D in silico models of crystal structures of Drosophila-derived Pur-alpha homologues. Finally, we explored genotype-phenotype correlations by analysis of both recurrent mutations as well as mutation classes. RESULTS: We report mutations in PURA (purine-rich element binding protein A) in 32 individuals, the largest cohort described so far. Evaluation of clinical data, including 22 previously published cases, revealed that all have moderate to severe ID and neonatal-onset symptoms, including hypotonia (96%), respiratory problems (57%), feeding difficulties (77%), exaggerated startle response (44%), hypersomnolence (66%) and hypothermia (35%). Epilepsy (54%) and gastrointestinal (69%), ophthalmological (51%) and endocrine problems (42%) were observed frequently. Computational analysis of facial photographs showed subtle facial dysmorphism. No strong genotype-phenotype correlation was identified by subgrouping mutations into functional classes. CONCLUSION: We delineate the clinical spectrum of PURA syndrome with the identification of 32 additional individuals. The identification of one individual through targeted Sanger sequencing points towards the clinical recognisability of the syndrome. Genotype-phenotype analysis showed no significant correlation between mutation classes and

Published
2018

33. De Novo and Inherited Loss-of-Function Variants in TLK2: Clinical and Genotype-Phenotype Evaluation of a Distinct Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Author

Reijnders, M R F, Miller, KA, Alvi, M, Goos, Jacqueline, Lees, MM, de Burca, A, Henderson, A, Kraus, A, Mikat, B, de Vries, BBA, Isidor, B, Kerr, B, Marcelis, C, Schluth-Bolard, C, Deshpande, C, Ruivenkamp, CAL, Wieczorek, D, Baralle, D, Blair, EM, Engels, H, Ludecke, HJ, Eason, J, Santen, GWE, Clayton-Smith, J, Chandler, K, Tatton-Brown, K, Payne, K, Helbig, K, Radtke, K, Nugent, KM, Cremer, K, Strom, TM, Bird, LM, Sinnema, M, Bitner-Glindzicz, M, van Dooren, Marieke, Alders, M, Koopmans, M, Brick, L, Kozenko, M, Harline, ML, Klaassens, M, Steinraths, M, Cooper, NS, Edery, P, Yap, P, Terhal, PA, van der Spek, Peter, Lakeman, P, Taylor, RL, Littlejohn, RO, Pfundt, R, Mercimek-Andrews, S, Stegmann, APA, Kant, SG, McLean, S, Joss, S, Swagemakers, Sigrid, Douzgou, S, Wall, SA, Kury, S, Calpena, E, Koelling, N, McGowan, SJ, Twigg, SRF, Mathijssen, Irene, Nellaker, C, Brunner, HG, Wilkie, AOM, Reijnders, M R F, Miller, KA, Alvi, M, Goos, Jacqueline, Lees, MM, de Burca, A, Henderson, A, Kraus, A, Mikat, B, de Vries, BBA, Isidor, B, Kerr, B, Marcelis, C, Schluth-Bolard, C, Deshpande, C, Ruivenkamp, CAL, Wieczorek, D, Baralle, D, Blair, EM, Engels, H, Ludecke, HJ, Eason, J, Santen, GWE, Clayton-Smith, J, Chandler, K, Tatton-Brown, K, Payne, K, Helbig, K, Radtke, K, Nugent, KM, Cremer, K, Strom, TM, Bird, LM, Sinnema, M, Bitner-Glindzicz, M, van Dooren, Marieke, Alders, M, Koopmans, M, Brick, L, Kozenko, M, Harline, ML, Klaassens, M, Steinraths, M, Cooper, NS, Edery, P, Yap, P, Terhal, PA, van der Spek, Peter, Lakeman, P, Taylor, RL, Littlejohn, RO, Pfundt, R, Mercimek-Andrews, S, Stegmann, APA, Kant, SG, McLean, S, Joss, S, Swagemakers, Sigrid, Douzgou, S, Wall, SA, Kury, S, Calpena, E, Koelling, N, McGowan, SJ, Twigg, SRF, Mathijssen, Irene, Nellaker, C, Brunner, HG, and Wilkie, AOM

Published
2018

34. Prevalence and architecture of de novo mutations in developmental disorders

Author

McRae, JF, Clayton, S, Fitzgerald, TW, Kaplanis, J, Prigmore, E, Rajan, D, Sifrim, A, Aitken, S, Akawi, N, Alvi, M, Ambridge, K, Barrett, DM, Bayzetinova, T, Jones, P, Jones, WD, King, D, Krishnappa, N, Mason, LE, Singh, T, Tivey, AR, Ahmed, M, Anjum, U, Archer, H, Armstrong, R, Awada, J, Balasubramanian, M, Banka, S, Baralle, D, Barnicoat, A, Batstone, P, Baty, D, Bennett, C, Berg, J, Bernhard, B, Bevan, AP, Bitner-Glindzicz, M, Blair, E, Blyth, M, Bohanna, D, Bourdon, L, Bourn, D, Bradley, L, Brady, A, Brent, S, Brewer, C, Brunstrom, K, Bunyan, DJ, Burn, J, Canham, N, Castle, B, Chandler, K, Chatzimichali, E, Cilliers, D, Clarke, A, Clasper, S, Clayton-Smith, J, Clowes, V, Coates, A, Cole, T, Colgiu, I, Collins, A, Collinson, MN, Connell, F, Cooper, N, Cox, H, Cresswell, L, Cross, G, Crow, Y, D’Alessandro, M, Dabir, T, Davidson, R, Davies, S, de Vries, D, Dean, J, Deshpande, C, Devlin, G, Dixit, A, Dobbie, A, Donaldson, A, Donnai, D, Donnelly, D, Donnelly, C, Douglas, A, Douzgou, S, Duncan, A, Eason, J, Ellard, S, Ellis, I, Elmslie, F, Evans, K, Everest, S, Fendick, T, Fisher, R, Flinter, F, Foulds, N, Fry, A, Fryer, A, Gardiner, C, Gaunt, L, Ghali, N, Gibbons, R, Gill, H, Goodship, J, Goudie, D, Gray, E, Green, A, Greene, P, Greenhalgh, L, Gribble, S, Harrison, R, Harrison, L, Harrison, V, Hawkins, R, He, L, Hellens, S, Henderson, A, Hewitt, S, Hildyard, L, Hobson, E, Holden, S, Holder, M, Holder, S, Hollingsworth, G, Homfray, T, Humphreys, M, Hurst, J, Hutton, B, Ingram, S, Irving, M, Islam, L, Jackson, A, Jarvis, J, Jenkins, L, Johnson, D, Jones, E, Josifova, D, Joss, S, Kaemba, B, Kazembe, S, Kelsell, R, Kerr, B, Kingston, H, Kini, U, Kinning, E, Kirby, G, Kirk, C, Kivuva, E, Kraus, A, Kumar, D, Kumar, VKA, Lachlan, K, Lam, W, Lampe, A, Langman, C, Lees, M, Lim, D, Longman, C, Lowther, G, Lynch, SA, Magee, A, Maher, E, Male, A, Mansour, S, Marks, K, Martin, K, Maye, U, McCann, E, McConnell, V, McEntagart, M, McGowan, R, McKay, K, McKee, S, McMullan, DJ, McNerlan, S, McWilliam, C, Mehta, S, Metcalfe, K, Middleton, A, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Miles, E, Mohammed, S, Montgomery, T, Moore, D, Morgan, S, Morton, J, Mugalaasi, H, Murday, V, Murphy, H, Naik, S, Nemeth, A, Nevitt, L, Newbury-Ecob, R, Norman, A, O’Shea, R, Ogilvie, C, Ong, K-R, Park, S-M, Parker, MJ, Patel, C, Paterson, J, Payne, S, Perrett, D, Phipps, J, Pilz, DT, Pollard, M, Pottinger, C, Poulton, J, Pratt, N, Prescott, K, Price, S, Pridham, A, Procter, A, Purnell, H, Quarrell, O, Ragge, N, Rahbari, R, Randall, J, Rankin, J, Raymond, L, Rice, D, Robert, L, Roberts, E, Roberts, J, Roberts, P, Roberts, G, Ross, A, Rosser, E, Saggar, A, Samant, S, Sampson, J, Sandford, R, Sarkar, A, Schweiger, S, Scott, R, Scurr, I, Selby, A, Seller, A, Sequeira, C, Shannon, N, Sharif, S, Shaw-Smith, C, Shearing, E, Shears, D, Sheridan, E, Simonic, I, Singzon, R, Skitt, Z, Smith, A, Smith, K, Smithson, S, Sneddon, L, Splitt, M, Squires, M, Stewart, F, Stewart, H, Straub, V, Suri, M, Sutton, V, Swaminathan, GJ, Sweeney, E, Tatton-Brown, K, Taylor, C, Taylor, R, Tein, M, Temple, IK, Thomson, J, Tischkowitz, M, Tomkins, S, Torokwa, A, Treacy, B, Turner, C, Turnpenny, P, Tysoe, C, Vandersteen, A, Varghese, V, Vasudevan, P, Vijayarangakannan, P, Vogt, J, Wakeling, E, Wallwark, S, Waters, J, Weber, A, Wellesley, D, Whiteford, M, Widaa, S, Wilcox, S, Wilkinson, E, Williams, D, Williams, N, Wilson, L, Woods, G, Wragg, C, Wright, M, Yates, L, Yau, M, Nellåker, C, Parker, M, Firth, HV, Wright, CF, FitzPatrick, DR, Barrett, JC, and Hurles, ME

Subjects
Male, Parents, Heredity, Developmental Disabilities, GRIN2B, POGZ, Autoantigens, SMAD4, CASK, GATAD2B, 0302 clinical medicine, TRIO, SMARCA2, KCNH1, Average Faces, CTNNB1, SCN1A, Young adult, Casein Kinase II, Child, AUTS2, MEF2C, Exome, ADNP, Exome sequencing, EP300, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, EHMT1, CNKSR2, CREBBP, MYT1L, MED13L, CSNK2A1, Protein Phosphatase 2C, PPP2R1A, ZBTB18, CDKL5, WAC, HNRNPU, Cohort, STXBP1, Medical genetics, SYNGAP1, Mi-2 Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase Complex, Sex characteristics, AHDC1, SCN8A, medicine.medical_specialty, SLC6A1, FOXP1, USP9X, Article, ANKRD11, PUF60, BRAF, 03 medical and health sciences, SATB2, SMC1A, Intellectual Disability, BCL11A, GABRB3, IQSEC2, Humans, TBL1XR1, TCF4, MSL3, TCF20, DNM1, EEF1A2, SUV420H1, DYRK1A, SETD5, COL4A3BP, CTCF, CHD2, R1, CHD4, 030104 developmental biology, NAA10, HDAC8, Mutation, KDM5B, CHAMP1, PhenIcons, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Transcription Factors, 0301 basic medicine, ZMYND11, PTEN, De novo mutation, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, PTPN11, ASXL1, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease_cause, ASXL3, Cohort Studies, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, CHD8, Prevalence, QRICH1, KIF1A, Genetics, Sex Characteristics, GNAI1, Multidisciplinary, WDR45, Middle Aged, KMT2A, PPM1D, MECP2, DNA-Binding Proteins, PPP2R5D, Phenotype, PACS1, ras GTPase-Activating Proteins, DDX3X, Female, FOXG1, SET, Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein, Developmental Disease, Adult, KANSL1, Adolescent, NFIX, Nerve Tissue Proteins, PURA, Biology, KAT6B, KAT6A, NSD1, PDHA1, ALG13, Young Adult, Seizures, CDC2 Protein Kinase, medicine, Journal Article, QH426, Homeodomain Proteins, ITPR1, DYNC1H1, GNAO1, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase, Sequence Analysis, DNA, ZC4H2, ARID1B, Repressor Proteins, CNOT3, SCN2A, SLC35A2, CDK13
Abstract

Children with severe, undiagnosed developmental disorders (DDs) are enriched for damaging de novo mutations (DNMs) in developmentally important genes. We exome sequenced 4,294 families with children with DDs, and meta-analysed these data with published data on 3,287 children with similar disorders. We show that the most significant factors influencing the diagnostic yield of de novo mutations are the sex of the child, the relatedness of their parents and the age of both father and mother. We identified 95 genes enriched for damaging de novo mutation at genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10-7), including fourteen genes for which compelling data for causation was previously lacking. The large number of genome-wide significant findings allow us to demonstrate that, at current cost differentials, exome sequencing has much greater power than genome sequencing for novel gene discovery in genetically heterogeneous disorders. We estimate that 42.5% of our cohort likely carry pathogenic de novo single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels in coding sequences, with approximately half operating by a loss-of-function mechanism, and the remainder being gain-of-function. We established that most haploinsufficient developmental disorders have already been identified, but that many gain-of-function disorders remain to be discovered. Extrapolating from the DDD cohort to the general population, we estimate that de novo dominant developmental disorders have an average birth prevalence of 1 in 168 to 1 in 377, depending on parental age.

Published
2017

35. Dysmorphology at a distance: results of a web-based diagnostic service

Author

Douzgou, S, Clayton-Smith, J, Gardner, S, Day, R, Griffiths, P, Strong, K, Amiel, J, Baraitser, M, Brueton, L, Brunner, H, Chrzanowska, K, Dallapiccola, B, Del Campo Casanelles, M, Devriendt, K, Donnai, D, Fitzpatrick, D, Gillessen-Kaesbach, G, Houge, G, Kerr, B, Krajewska-Walasek, M, Lacombe, D, Meinecke, P, Metcalfe, K, Mortier, G, Odent, S, Philip, N, Prescott, T, Raas-Rothschild, A, Rauch, A, Rittinger, O, Salonen, R, Schrander-Stumpel, C, Suri, M, Temple, K, Tolmie, J, Van Der Burgt, I, Verloes, A, Wieczorek, D, Zenker, M, University of Zurich, and Douzgou, S

Subjects
2716 Genetics (clinical), 1311 Genetics, 10039 Institute of Medical Genetics, 570 Life sciences, biology, 610 Medicine & health
Published
2014

36. Dysmorphology services: a snapshot of current practices and a vision for the future

Author

Douzgou, S. Chervinsky, E. Gyftodimou, Y. Kitsiou-Tzeli, S. and Shalev, S. Kanavakis, E. Donnai, D. Clayton-Smith, J.

Abstract

Dysmorphology concerns the recognition and management of rare, multiple anomaly syndromes. Genomic technologies and software for gestalt recognition will re-shape dysmorphology services. In order to reflect on a model of the service in the post-genomic era, we compared the utility of dysmorphology consultations in two Mediterranean cities, Athens, Greece and Afula, Israel (MDS), the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, a UK service with dysmorphology expertise (UKDS) and the DYSCERNE, digital service (DDS). We show that it is more likely that chromosome microarray analysis will be performed if suggested in the UKDS rather than in the MDS; this, most probably reflects the difference of access to genetic testing following funding limitations in the MDS. We also show that in terms of achieved diagnosis, the first visit to a dysmorphology clinic is more significant than a follow-up. We show that a confirmed syndrome diagnosis significantly decreases the requests for other, non-genetic, laboratory investigations. Conversely, it increases the requests for reviews by other specialists and, most significantly (t-test: 8.244), it increases further requests for screening for possible associated complications. This is the first demonstration of the demands, on a health service, following the diagnosis of a dysmorphic condition.

Published
2016

38. Niemann-Pick type C disease: A novel NPC1 mutation segregating in a Greek island

Author

Mavridou, I. Cozar, M. Douzgou, S. Xaidara, A. Lianou, D. Vanier, M.T. Dimitriou, E. Grinberg, D. Vilageliu, L. Michelakakis, H.

Abstract

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, exhibiting an extremely heterogeneous clinical phenotype. It is a cellular lipid trafficking disorder characterized by the accumulation in the lysosomal/late endosomal system of a variety of lipids, especially unesterified cholesterol. So far two genes, NPC1 or NPC2, have been linked to the disorder. It is a panethnic disease for which two isolates have been described. We present a novel NPC1 mutation (p.A1132P; c.3394G>C) identified in homozygosity in two patients originating from the same small town of an Aegean Sea island and the results of the broad screening of their extended families. Overall 153 individuals have so far been investigated and a total of 64 carriers were identified. Moreover a common descent of the individuals tested was revealed and all carriers could be traced back to a common surname, apparently originating from a common ancestor couple six generations back. The mutation was found associated with an uncommon haplotype in the island that is also present in other populations. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Published
2014

41. Hypoglycaemia represents a clinically significant manifestation of <italic>PIK3CA</italic>‐ and <italic>CCND2</italic>‐associated segmental overgrowth.

Author

Mcdermott, J. H., Hickson, N., Banerjee, I., Murray, P. G., Ram, D., Metcalfe, K., Clayton‐smith, J., and Douzgou, S.

Subjects
HYPOGLYCEMIA, PROTEIN kinase regulation, PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-kinases, HYPERINSULINISM, CELL growth, HETEROGENEITY, PATIENTS
Abstract

The PI3K‐AKT signalling cascade has a highly conserved role in a variety of processes including cell growth and glucose homoeostasis. Variants affecting this pathway can lead to one of several segmental overgrowth disorders. These conditions are genetically heterogeneous and require tailored, multidisciplinary involvement throughout life. Hypoglycaemia is common in other overgrowth syndromes but has been described only sporadically in association with PIK3CA and CCND2 variants. We report a cohort of 6 children with megalencephaly‐capillary malformation (MCAP) and megalencephaly‐polydactyly‐polymicrogyria‐hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndromes who developed clinically significant hypoglycaemia. Based on our findings, we suggest that segmental overgrowth patients should be screened for low blood glucose levels during childhood and there should be early specialist endocrine review in any children who develop hypoglycaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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42. Generalized pulp stones: Report of a case with 6-year follow-up

Author

Donta, C. Kavvadia, K. Panopoulos, P. Douzgou, S.

Subjects
stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system
Abstract

Aim: To present a mildly mentally retarded patient with generalized pulp stone formation and the six-year follow-up and to discuss the differential diagnosis of the case. Summary: Pulp stones were radiographically detected in the pulp chamber of all permanent teeth in a 25-year-old woman with mild mental retardation who presented for endodontic treatment on tooth no 11 (FDI). The patient's medical, dental and family history was noncontributory. The pulp stone in the pulp chamber of tooth no 11 was removed during canal filing, and root canal treatment completed uneventfully. Six years later, the patient was re-evaluated and the pulp stones were unchanged radiographically. The patient's family history, facial phenotype and karyotype as well as the radiographic, laboratory and physical examination were not consistent with any of the known genetic syndromes associated with generalized pulp stones. Molecular analysis for the DSPP gene proved negative. The aetiology of this case remains unknown. Key points: • Generalized pulp stones occur rarely; • Such patients should be referred for genetic evaluation because pulp stones are mostly associated with genetic dentine defects; • Pulp stones may hinder root canal treatment; • Pulp stones may remain unchanged overtime. © 2011 International Endodontic Journal.

Published
2011

48. Lack of resemblance between Myhre syndrome and other 'segmental progeroid' syndromes warrants restraint in applying this classification

Author

T. Bernard Kinane, Mark E. Lindsay, Angela E. Lin, Sofia Douzgou, Lois J. Starr, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Bert Callewaert, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Lin, A. E., Brunetti Pierri, N., Callewaert, B., Cormier-Daire, V., Douzgou, S., Kinane, T. B., Lindsay, M. E., and Starr, L. J.

Subjects
Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Geriatrics gerontology, business.industry, Cellular senescence, Facies, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Progeroid syndromes, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Intellectual Disability, Cryptorchidism, Mutation, medicine, Humans, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Myhre syndrome, business, Letter to the Editor, Hand Deformities, Congenital, Cellular Senescence, Growth Disorders, DNA Damage, Smad4 Protein
Abstract

SMAD4 encodes a member of the SMAD family of proteins involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway. Potentially heritable, autosomal dominant, gain-of-function heterozygous variants of SMAD4 cause a rare developmental disorder, the Myhre syndrome, which is associated with a wide range of developmental and post-developmental phenotypes that we now characterize as a novel segmental progeroid syndrome. Whole-exome sequencing of a patient referred to our International Registry of Werner Syndrome revealed a heterozygous p.Arg496Cys variant of the SMAD4 gene. To investigate the role of SMAD4 mutations in accelerated senescence, we generated cellular models overexpressing either wild-type SMAD4 or mutant SMAD4-R496C in normal skin fibroblasts. We found that cells expressing the SMAD4-R496C mutant exhibited decreased proliferation and elevated expression of cellular senescence and inflammatory markers, including IL-6, IFNγ, and a TGF-β target gene, PAI-1. Here we show that transient exposure to TGF-β, an inflammatory cytokine, followed by chronic IFNγ stimulation, accelerated rates of senescence that were associated with increased DNA damage foci and SMAD4 expression. TGF-β, IFNγ, or combinations of both were not sufficient to reduce proliferation rates of fibroblasts. In contrast, TGF-β alone was able to induce preadipocyte senescence via induction of the mTOR protein. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin mitigated TGF-β-induced expression of p21, p16, and DNA damage foci and improved replicative potential of preadipocytes, supporting the cell-specific response to this cytokine. These findings collectively suggest that persistent DNA damage and cross-talk between TGF-β/IFNγ pathways contribute to a series of molecular events leading to cellular senescence and a segmental progeroid syndrome.

Published
2021

49. Variants in the degron of AFF3 are associated with intellectual disability, mesomelic dysplasia, horseshoe kidney, and epileptic encephalopathy

Author

Rhonda E. Schnur, Fabio Sirchia, Olga Levchenko, Caroline Nava, Jane Juusola, Sarah Verheyen, Marketa Vlckova, Lindsay Rhodes, Gregory M. Cooper, Darina Prchalova, Thomas Courtin, Øystein L. Holla, David Kronn, Akemi J. Tanaka, E. Martina Bebin, Tara Funari, Miroslava Hancarova, Ennio Del Giudice, Nicolas Guex, Astrid Eisenkölbl, Dawn L. Earl, Toshiki Takenouchi, Ursula Gruber-Sedlmayr, Sedlácek Z, Sofia Douzgou, Heidelis A. Seebacher, Gerarda Cappuccio, Jasmin Blatterer, Anna Mikhaleva, Dian Donnai, Wendy K. Chung, Else Merckoll, Natasha J Brown, Elizabeth A. Sellars, Stefan Mundlos, Susan M. Hiatt, Giuliana Giannuzzi, Sinje Geuer, Giuseppina Vitiello, Séverine Lorrain, Alexandre Reymond, David J. Amor, Nicolas Chatron, Julien Delafontaine, Martine Doco, Kristian Tveten, Cecilie F. Rustad, Sylvain Pradervand, Delphine Héron, Alfredo Brusco, Elena L. Dadali, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Boris Keren, Yuri A. Zarate, Crystle Lee, Joel Charrow, Binnaz Yalcin, Heidi Taska-Tench, Elin Tønne, Tomoko Uehara, Alexander Lavrov, Jennifer Norman, Norine Voisin, Anna C.E. Hurst, Victoria R. Sanders, Ganka Douglas, Diana Johnson, Kenjiro Kosaki, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Cooper Medical School of Rowan University [Camden] (CMSRU), Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), University of Manchester [Manchester], HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology [Huntsville, AL], Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Victorian Clinical Genetics Services [Melbourne, VIC, Australia] (VCGS), Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), University of Melbourne, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Groupe de Recherche Clinique : Déficience Intellectuelle et Autisme [ CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP] (GRC : DIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Research Centre for Medical Genetics [Moscow, Russia] (RCMG), Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Medical University of Graz, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Charles University [Prague] (CU), University Hospital Motol [Prague], University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham] (UAB), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Azienda Ospedalerio - Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino = University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Hémostase et Remodelage Vasculaire Post-Ischémie (HERVI - EA 3801), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), GeneDx [Gaithersburg, MD, USA], Johannes Kepler University Linz [Linz] (JKU), Telemark Hospital Trust [Skien, Norway], New York Medical College (NYMC), Integris Pediatric Neurology [Oklahoma City, OK, USA] (IPN), Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo' [Trieste], Keio University School of Medicine [Tokyo, Japan], Columbia University [New York], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine [Manchester, UK] (MCGM), St Mary's Hospital Manchester-Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester [Manchester]-University of Manchester [Manchester]-Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT)-Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health [Manchester, UK], Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Dupuis, Christine, Voisin, N., Schnur, R. E., Douzgou, S., Hiatt, S. M., Rustad, C. F., Brown, N. J., Earl, D. L., Keren, B., Levchenko, O., Geuer, S., Verheyen, S., Johnson, D., Zarate, Y. A., Hancarova, M., Amor, D. J., Bebin, E. M., Blatterer, J., Brusco, A., Cappuccio, G., Charrow, J., Chatron, N., Cooper, G. M., Courtin, T., Dadali, E., Delafontaine, J., Del Giudice, E., Doco, M., Douglas, G., Eisenkolbl, A., Funari, T., Giannuzzi, G., Gruber-Sedlmayr, U., Guex, N., Heron, D., Holla, O. L., Hurst, A. C. E., Juusola, J., Kronn, D., Lavrov, A., Lee, C., Lorrain, S., Merckoll, E., Mikhaleva, A., Norman, J., Pradervand, S., Prchalova, D., Rhodes, L., Sanders, V. R., Sedlacek, Z., Seebacher, H. A., Sellars, E. A., Sirchia, F., Takenouchi, T., Tanaka, A. J., Taska-Tench, H., Tonne, E., Tveten, K., Vitiello, G., Vlckova, M., Uehara, T., Nava, C., Yalcin, B., Kosaki, K., Donnai, D., Mundlos, S., Brunetti Pierri, N., Chung, W. K., and Reymond, A.

Subjects
Male, Models, Molecular, Hypertrichosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mesomelic Dysplasia, Transcriptome, Mice, Gene Frequency, Missense mutation, Child, Zebrafish, Genetics (clinical), Genetics, Brain Diseases, 0303 health sciences, biology, Protein Stability, 030305 genetics & heredity, AFF3, AFF4, horseshoe kidney, intellectual disability, mesomelic dysplasia, Nuclear Proteins, Syndrome, Phenotype, Ubiquitin ligase, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Child, Preschool, Female, Transcriptional Elongation Factors, Adolescent, Mutation, Missense, Osteochondrodysplasias, Article, Evolution, Molecular, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Fused Kidney, 030304 developmental biology, Epilepsy, Infant, Horseshoe kidney, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, biology.protein
Abstract

International audience; The ALF transcription factor paralogs, AFF1, AFF2, AFF3, and AFF4, are components of the transcriptional super elongation complex that regulates expression of genes involved in neurogenesis and development. We describe an autosomal dominant disorder associated with de novo missense variants in the degron of AFF3, a nine amino acid sequence important for its binding to ubiquitin ligase, or with de novo deletions of this region. The sixteen affected individuals we identified, along with two previously reported individuals, present with a recognizable pattern of anomalies, which we named KINSSHIP syndrome (KI for horseshoe kidney, NS for Nievergelt/Savarirayan type of mesomelic dysplasia, S for seizures, H for hypertrichosis, I for intellectual disability, and P for pulmonary involvement), partially overlapping the AFF4-associated CHOPS syndrome. Whereas homozygous Aff3 knockout mice display skeletal anomalies, kidney defects, brain malformations, and neurological anomalies, knockin animals modeling one of the microdeletions and the most common of the missense variants identified in affected individuals presented with lower mesomelic limb deformities like KINSSHIP-affected individuals and early lethality, respectively. Overexpression of AFF3 in zebrafish resulted in body axis anomalies, providing some support for the pathological effect of increased amount of AFF3. The only partial phenotypic overlap of AFF3-and AFF4-associated syndromes and the previously published transcriptome analyses of ALF transcription factors suggest that these factors are not redundant and each contributes uniquely to proper development.

Published
2021

50. Silver-Russell syndrome following in vitro fertilization

Author

Luigi Tarani, Rita Mingarelli, Andrea Riccio, Sofia Douzgou, Agostina De Crescenzo, Douzgou, S, Mingarelli, R, Tarani, L, De Crescenzo, A, and Riccio, Andrea

Subjects
Andrology, In vitro fertilisation, Silver–Russell syndrome, medicine.medical_treatment, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, General Medicine, Biology, medicine.disease, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published
2008

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