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Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) have enabled real-time power grid monitoring and control applications realizing an integrated power grid and communication system. The communication network formed by PMUs has strict latency requirements. If PMU measurements cannot reach the control centre within the latency bound, they will be invalid for calculation and may compromise the observability of the whole power grid as well as related applications. To address this issue, this study proposes a model to account for the power grid observability under communication constraints, where effective capacity is adopted to perform a cross-layer statistical analysis in the communication system. Based on this model, three algorithms are proposed for improving power grid observability, which are an observability redundancy algorithm, an observability sensitivity algorithm and an observability probability algorithm. These three algorithms aim at enhancing the power system observability via the optimal communication resource allocation for a given grid infrastructure. Case studies show that the proposed algorithms can improve the power system performance under constrained wireless communication resources.

Smart grids are the next generation of power distribution network, using information and communications technologies to increase overall energy efficiency and service quality of the power grid. One big challenge in building a smart grid is the fast growing amount of smart devices and how to meet the associated load on the backbone communication infrastructure. This paper designs an Internet-of-Things (IoT) Smart Grid testbed simulator and uses it to provide crucial insight into the communication network optimisation. Simulation for a large number of smart devices under various heterogenous network topologies is used to analyse the maximum number of clients that can be supported for a given demand-response latency requirement. Consideration is given to simulator processing time in the final delay calculation, which also includes all protocol overheads, retransmissions and traffic congestion. For a specific three-tier topology, given a round-trip latency requirement, investigations are carried out on the number of smart devices that a local hub can support, and with a fixed number of smart devices, the number of local hubs that a central server can support.

This deliverable reports on the set of identified use cases and the initial requirements coming from vertical industries that are considered relevant for the project. It also analyses key project performance indicators and how they relate to the ones identified by 5G-PPP. The scope of this deliverable, which is the first document of WP1, is to describe the following Vertical industries: Use case 1 - Smart Transport: Intelligent railway for smart mobility Use case 2 - Smart Tourism: Augmented Fair experience Use case 3 - Industry 4.0: Autonomous vehicles in manufacturing environments Use case 4 - Utilities (Smart Energy): Fault management for distributed electricity generation in smart grids Use case 5 - Smart cities: Safety and Environment - Smart Turin Use case 6 - Media & Entertainment: UHF Media, On-site Live Event Experience and Immersive and Integrated Media) The peculiarities and the main characteristics of each use case, from different verticals, are highlighted and analysed. The main outcome of this deliverable consists in detecting/extracting/collecting a set of requirements from the use-cases defined by the internal vertical-industries participating in the 5G-EVE project. For each use case two types of requirements are used, general requirements and more specific requirements. Each of the participating partner presents a detailed description of all Verticals Use Cases. Also, definitions of all requirements are given (both general and specific) and an introduction to the methodology of information gathering and analysis is described. The analysis compares the capabilities of existing 4G/LTE networks as well as those promised by 5G network technologies with the requirements for proper operation for each of the Use Cases above and each sub-Use Case (also referred to and as scenario). The analysis is also presented in graphical forma with extensive use of radar charts. Moreover, the results of the requirements definition for each Use Case and Sub-Use Case (12 in total) is listed. The tables with the requirement values are given and in some cases, explanation is also provided. The most universally demanded requirement from the verticals is the increased Reliability and Availability of the Networks and Services offered to end-customers. There is a tendency to migrate and/or develop all new services to the upcoming 5G networks even if the requirements do not need the enhanced capabilities of 5G. Finally, after Reliability and Availability, the most important parameters are Latency and Capacity of the Network. The requirements given per UC in this deliverable, can be used as an input for the subsequent work-packages of 5G EVE.