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Thailand holds one of the most diverse faunas of the genus Coecobrya Yosii, 1956, with 22 species reported from the country so far. In this study three new species of Coecobrya are described from subterranean environments: C. satasookae sp. nov. from Chaiyaphum province, C. cavicola sp. nov. from Phrae province and C. chompon sp. nov. from Ratchaburi province. The first two species belong to the tenebricosa-group, as they lack eyes, while C. chompon sp. nov. has 1+1 eyes and fits the boneti-group. Coecobrya satasookae sp. nov. and C. cavicola sp. nov. can be distinguished from each other and its congeners by the combination of antennal length, clypeal, dorsal head and thoracic chaetotaxy, whereas C. chompon sp. nov. is most similar to C. boneti (Denis, 1948) from Vietnam. However, it differs from the latter taxa mostly by the proportion of the antennae, ventral and dorsal head, thoracic, fourth abdominal chaetotaxy, plus the shape of the tenent hairs. C. chompon sp. nov. is the first record and description of a Coecobrya species from the boneti-group in Thailand. We also discuss the ecological niches of troglomorphic Coecobrya species in Thailand and the status of the boneti-group.

Two new species of Cyphoderus are described; full body chaetotaxy is given. Cyphoderus pataxo sp. nov. and Cyphoderus palaciosi sp. nov. were originally found in metalogenic areas covered with transitional vegetation of savanna and subtropical forest from Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Both new species are part of the "bidenticulati-group," with mucronal formula 'Aa' and show remarkable plurichaetosis on posterior manubrium and dens.

Two new species of Collembola are described, full body chaetotaxy is given. Ptenothrix dalii sp. nov. and Seira pietata sp. nov. were originally found in metalogenic areas covered with transitional vegetation of savanna and forest in Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Ptenothrix dalii sp. nov. is part of the "gracilis-group" of species, with large, blunt macrochaetae on head and body. Seira pietata sp. nov. is part of the "andensis-group" of species, lacking macrochaeta on abdominal segment I.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems1, 2. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil animals regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs3–5. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset collected from 2,470 sites, we estimate total soil springtail biomass at 29 Mt carbon (threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates6) and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per m² in the Arctic. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the increase in temperature. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism were predicted by local species richness, which was highest in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation7, 8, and resource limitation7, 9, 10 in soil communities. Contrasting temperature responses of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting major soil functions.

A super diverse hot spot of subterranean Collembola in ferruginous rock caves and Mesovoid Shallow Substratum is revealed by the analysis of cryptic diversity. The diversity is accessed by detailed description of chaetotaxy and slight variation in morphology of 11 new species of Trogolaphysa Mills, 1938 (Collembola, Paronellidae, Paronellinae) and the 49 previously recorded species of springtails from caves, using optical and electronic microscopy. When combined with recent subterranean surveys, our results show an important reservoir of cave diversity in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum, contrasting with the conservation policy for subterranean fauna in metallogenic areas in Brazil which prioritizes the caves instead the cave species, which may be extremely detrimental to the fauna in the shallow subterranean habitats not accessible to humans.

SummaryNests of ants in the Ponerinae subfamily harbor a rich diversity of invertebrate commensals that maintain a range of interactions which are still poorly known in the Neotropical Region. This...

Simple Summary Endemic Collembola species are bioindicators of environmental quality since native species abundance is particularly sensitive to environmental disturbances. Oceanic island biota generally present high percentages of endemic species, and the vulnerability of these species is higher than those of the continents. The objective of this work was to carry out a survey of the Collembola species of the order Poduromorpha in the Brazilian oceanic islands and synthesize a distribution list of this order for Brazil. Our results reveal four new species of Collembola Poduromorpha for Brazilian oceanic islands that may be useful for the conservation strategies of these island regions and a contributor to the knowledge of the order in Brazil. Abstract We present new species and records of Poduromorpha for the Brazilian oceanic islands and synthesis of this order in Brazil. Friesea noronhaensis sp. nov., Friesea rochedoensis sp. nov., Willemia insularum sp. nov. and Paraxenylla zeliae sp. nov. are described and a diagnosis of the morphospecies Acherontiella sp. Lima and Zeppelini 2015 is provided. We present comparative tables, distribution and taxonomic keys of the Friesea, Arlesia, Brachystomella, Acherontiella, Paraxenylla, Xenylla, and Willemia found in the Brazilian oceanic islands and their respective congeners recorded in Brazil.

Hexapods, commonly known as insects, are a neglected taxonomic group in the Fernando de Noronha archipelago, with unanswered questions about their species richness and the ecological processes in which they are involved (e.g., colonization, introduction, establishment, and extinction). Herein, we provide an updated Hexapod checklist with current nomenclatural combinations. The entomofauna of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago is currently composed of 453 species in 21 orders. The orders, and their respective number of species, are: Blattaria (9), Coleoptera (118), Collembola (29), Dermaptera (3), Diplura (1), Diptera (134), Embioptera (1), Hemiptera (29), Hymenoptera (59), Isoptera (2), Lepidoptera (25), Mantodea (1), Neuroptera (3), Odonata (5), Orthoptera (11), Phasmatodea (1), Phthiraptera (6), Psocoptera (3), Siphonaptera (1), Thysanoptera (10), and Zygentoma (2). The archipelago has 263 new taxon records (family + genera + species). Thirty-eight species (3.39%) were described from local specimens and most of them are likely endemic species. This study more than doubles our knowledge (from the previous 190 records) of the entomofauna in this large Brazilian archipelago. This study also provides a baseline for studies on its conservation status and for implementing future environmental management programs.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pumps mediate the activity of the Multixenobiotic Resistance (MXR) mechanism and have been proposed as a biomarker of environmental pollution mainly in aquatic invertebrates. MXR activity was never investigated in Collembola and represents a potential tool for soil biomonitoring. This study aimed to characterize for the first time the activity of ABC efflux pumps in the gut of collembolan species, and investigate its responsiveness to cadmium (Cd), a common stressor found in polluted soils. We performed in vitro rhodamine-B accumulation assays in the presence of model inhibitors of ABC efflux pumps: verapamil hydrochloride as P-gp (P-glycoprotein) inhibitor, and MK571, as MRPs (multidrug resistance-related proteins) inhibitor. We also performed rhodamine-B accumulation assays under Cd-exposure (209 μg/L;1 μM). Our results showed that all species presented basal (noninduced) level of MXR activity in their gut. Efflux pumps P-gp and/or MRPs activity were confirmed in Cyphoderus innominatus, Cyphoderus similis, and Folsomia candida, the standard species. The rhodamine-B accumulation assays performed with Cd, applied as soil pollutant, showed that the gut of non-standard species C. similis and Trogolaphysa sp. presented an increase of MXR activity for both P-gp and MRP transporters, indicating the potential of these species as test organisms for soil ecotoxicology studies in Neotropical region. Our findings suggest a functional role of ABC transporters in the collembolan gut and their cellular involvement in Cd defense response, corroborating that MXR phenotype in Collembola can be a promising tool for bioindication of soil contamination.

A new genus and two new species of Sminthurinae are described. Keratosminthurus tapigu gen. nov. sp. nov. and K. calamitosus sp. nov. show a combination of features that redefines the subfamily Sminthurinae, such as a pair of sminthuroid chaetae, unguis without cavity, nine apical chaetae on tibiotarsus, 11 or more anterior dental chaetae, fourth antennal segment clearly subdivided into many (18 or more) subsegments, and asymmetric apex of mucro. The new genus also presents a striking sexual dimorphism, with modifications on male apical organ of antennal segment III, spines on the clypeus and special organs on the interocular area.

Herein, eyeless Pseudosinella species from Brazilian caves are reviewed, including the description of 23 new species, new records plus additional notes on the descriptions of P. ambigua Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima and of P. guanhaensis Zeppelini, Brito, and Lima. We also provide an identification key to 27 eyeless species recorded from Brazil. To organize the 26 Brazilian eyeless taxa analyzed in this work, we organize them in apparently artificial groups: 11 species have one larger tooth on the unguiculus outer lamella (petterseni group), one presents unguiculus outer lamella smooth or serrated (never with a larger tooth), with 9 held prelabral chaetae undivided and the last 6 held prelabral chaetae bifurcated. The Brazilian species of eyeless Pseudosinella herein described present a remarkably conservate dorsal chaetotaxy, therefore, the main diagnostic characters are related to other features like prelabral, labral, and ventral head chaetotaxy and empodial complex morphology. In addition, our study suggests that Brazilian caves possibly shelter a great diversity of Pseudosinella taxa, several of them potentially cave dependent.

Three new species of Collembola are described for Southeastern Brazil: Arrhopalites mendoncae sp. nov., Pararrhopalites queirozi sp. nov., and Coecobrya phoenix sp. nov. Although they were collected in caves and present characters such as absence of pigmentation, reduction or absence of eyes, and restriction to the local hypogean environment, none of them is troglobite. It is the first Coecobrya known from Brazil, the second species of the genus Arrhopalites with a trichobothrial complex angle superior to 160°, and the third species of the genus Pararrhopalites with three sensilla in the inter-antennal region. All species are named in honor of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, and our colembologist colleagues, who recently had an entire collection destroyed by a fire of great proportions.

Cyphoderus innominatus Mills, 1938 (Collembola: Paronellidae) was first observed in early colonies of Atta sexdens leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The colonies were collected on February 6, 2019, from a transition area between the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, located in the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of four colonies collected had an average population density of 227 ± 212 C. innominatus individuals, and most of the latter were found in peripheral areas inside the fungus-garden-growing chamber of the colony. In addition, we observed a possible defensive behavior on the part of workers when C. innominatus individuals were present in the fungus garden chamber. Thus, this is the first record of C. innominatus living in association with early colonies of A. sexdens. Cyphoderus innominatus Mills, 1938 (Collembola: Paronellidae) foi observado pela primeira vez nas primeiras colônias de formigas cortadeiras Atta sexdens rubropilosa , Forel, 1908 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Essas colônias foram coletadas em 6 de fevereiro de 2019, em uma área de transição entre a Mata Atlântica e o Cerrado, localizada no município de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. Um total de quatro colônias coletadas teve uma densidade populacional média de 227, de C. innominatus , ea maioria dos últimos foram encontrados em áreas periféricas dentro da câmara de cultivo do jardim de fungo da colônia. Além disso, observamos um possível comportamento defensivo por parte dos trabalhadores quandoC. innominatus estava presente presentes na câmara do jardim de fungos. Assim, este é o primeiro registro de C. innominatus vivendo em associação com colônias iniciais de A. sexdens rubropilosa .

We present the catalogue of species of Collembola of the Colecao de Referencia de Fauna de Solo at the Universidade Estadual da Paraiba (CRFS/ UEPB), including 6 holotypes of species of the Isotogastruridae, Lepidocyrtidae, Neanuridae, and Sminthuridae families. Four species are newly recorded in Brazil: Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg, 1871) Borner, 1906; Lepidocyrtus neofasciatus Wray, 1948; Folsomides famarensis Fjellberg, 1993; Sminthurides aquaticus (Bourlet, 1842) Folsom, 1896; and 1 genus, Neelus Folsom, 1896. Resumo Apresentamos o catalogo de especies de Collembola da Colecao de Referencia de Fauna de Solo da Universidade Estadual da Paraiba (CRFS / UEPB), com seis holotipos de especies das familias Isotogastruridae, Lepidocyrtidae, Neanuridae e Sminthuridae. Quatro novos registros de especies foram feitos para o Brasil: Arrhopalites caecus (Tullberg, 1871) Borner; Lepidocyrtus neofasciatus Wray, 1948; Folsomides famarensis Fjellberg, 1993; Sminthurides aquaticus (Bourlet, 1842) Folsom, 1896; e um genero, Neelus Folsom, 1896. View this article in BioOne

A second species of Acherontides from Brazil is described. Acherontides serrasapoensis sp. nov. has two ocular area chaetae, tenaculum with 3+3, two clavate tenent hairs, and anal spines about 1/3 the length of unguis III. A comparative table is presented and an identification key for the species of Acherontides.

We summarize the distribution and habitat of Brazilian Archisotoma species, a taxonomic key for all species of the genus is given and a new species is described from intertidal sand of the Biologial Reserve Atol das Rocas, Brazil. Archisotoma jariani sp. nov. belongs to the besselsi group, recognized by small size, tibiotarsus III with stiff outer spur, maxillary head with thin simple capitulum, 3–2 pairs of trichobothria on abdominal segment VI. This is the first species of Collembola recorded from Atol das Rocas.

Four species of Collembola were found in nests of the ant genera Myrmicocrypta, Trachymyrmex and Sericomyrmex of the tribe Attini (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). The panmyrmecophilic collembolan Cyphoderus (Lepidocyrtidae: Cyphoderinae) was the most abundant and was associated with all the ants. The collembolan genus Mucrosomia (Isotomidae: Anurophorinae) was found for the first time in ant nests. This is the first list of springtails found in nests of fungus-growing ants other than those belonging to the genera Atta and Acromyrmex (Formicidae: Myrmicinae).

Estudos de taxa respiratória em artrópodes remetem a dados eco fisiológicos importantes, uma vez que estes animais realizam importantes funções ecossistêmicas e por serem a maior diversidade e abundância de animais presentes na Terra. Esta pesquisa mede e descreve taxas respiratórias, através da emissão de CO2, e as relaciona com a massa corporal de artrópodes. Este estudo foi realizado em fragmentos remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica litorânea da Paraíba, Brasil. A pesquisa abrange todos os subfilos de artrópodes (Crustacea, Chelicerata, Myriapoda e Hexapoda) representados por 705 espécimes coletados ativamente entre outubro e dezembro de 2016 e experimentados através de respirometria fechada pelo Analisador de Gás por Infravermelho (IRGA). Como resultado foi visto que dentre os artrópodes avaliados os Hexapoda e Chelicerata apresentaram maiores taxas de emissão de dióxido de carbono enquanto que os Crustacea e Myriapoda as menores. Sobre a relação com a massa corporal, os Hexapoda e Crustacea apresentaram maior respiração por massa específica de artrópode, e em geral, todos os Arthropoda seguiram o padrão descrito pela fisiologia animal, onde a massa corporal e a taxa respiratória animal encontram-se correlacionadas inversamente.Palavras chave: Artrópode terrestre, dióxido de carbono, respirometria animal, Analisador de Gás por Infravermelho.

Three new species of Collembola are described from small shallow caves in Southeastern Brazil: Arrhopalites glabrofasciatus sp. nov., Pseudosinella ambigua sp. nov. and Pseudosinella guanhaensis sp. nov. The species were found in surveys performed as part of the process to accomplish the permits for high impact enterprising. The change in the legislation is discussed and a suggestion is made to improve the process. The long term effects of the law resulted in the discovery of many new species and genera, most of them being (or to be) described.

A new diagnosis of Denisiella is provided, based on the revision of most descriptions, including three new species from Brazil. New Brazilian taxa share the presence of 6 + 6 eyes, 4 + 4 serrate spine-like on tibiotarsi III and the polycarinate setae on tibiotarsi II but differ from each other by the shape and size of the sensilla of the tibiotarsi I. Denisiella rhizophorae sp. nov. has the combination of sensilla on tibiotarsi I of rhagidial type and C2 blunt on antennal segment III. Only D. betschi sp. nov. has barbulate spines on head and D. caatingae sp. nov. is the only which males present nasal organ. They are illustrated with drawings and scanning electron microscope photographs. Three different shapes of sensilla in the tibiotarsi I were observed and were compared with other species.

In detritus-based trophic systems, springtails, dung beetles, saprophagous calyptrate flies and termites consume and fragment organic matter and control populations of decomposer microorganisms, exerting a strong influence on energy and nutrient fluxes. A faunal inventory of these four groups of hexapods was performed in Serra de Santa Catarina (SSC), an area of arboreal-shrub caatinga located in the state of Paraíba, with the purpose of characterizing the assemblages of these taxa, and highlighting their unique links to the local ecosystem. Samplings were performed in May, 2014, and April, 2015, both during the rainy season. Standard sampling protocols for biodiversity inventory of the various taxa were used, including both active and passive sampling methods. In general, 114 species of hexapods were captured, with 26 species of springtails, 20 dung beetles, 30 saprophagous calyptrate flies and 38 termites, with sampling sufficiency varying from 69.5 to 96.8% of total estimated richness. Species richness of the groups are among the highest recorded for a single area of Caatinga, with some taxa being recorded for the first time for the domain. Several morphospecies had indeterminate taxonomic status, especially springtails and termites, and are quite likely new species to science. The structure of the assemblages of springtails, dung beetles, saprophagous calyptrate flies and termites recorded in SSC, suggest that this conserved area is unique within the highly impacted landscape of Caatinga, and has great potential for the conservation of biodiversity of this domain in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Resumo: No sistema trófico baseado em detritos, os colêmbolos, besouros escarabeíneos, moscas saprófagas e térmitas atuam no consumo e fragmentação da matéria orgânica e no controle das populações de microrganismos decompositores, exercendo forte influência nos fluxos de energia e nutrientes. Um inventário faunístico desses quatro grupos de hexápodes foi realizado na Serra de Santa Catarina (SSC), uma área de Caatinga arbóreo-arbustiva localizada no Estado da Paraiba, com intuito de caracterizar as taxocenoses desses táxons, salientando as suas peculiaridades ligadas ao ecossistema local. As coletas foram realizadas em maio/2014 e abril/2015, durante o período chuvoso na região. De acordo com o táxon, foram utilizados protocolos amostrais padronizados para inventários de biodiversidade, com métodos passivos e ativos de coleta. No geral, 114 espécies de hexápodes foram capturadas, sendo 26 de colêmbolos, 20 de besouros escarabeíneos, 30 de dípteros e 38 de térmitas, com suficiência amostral variando de 69,5 a 96.8% da total estimada. A riqueza de espécies por grupo está entre as maiores para uma única área de Caatinga, com alguns táxons sendo registrados pela primeira vez para o domínio. Especialmente para os colêmbolos e térmitas, várias morfoespécies tiveram seus status taxonômicos indeterminados, havendo elevada possibilidade de serem nova para a ciência. As estruturas e funcionalidades das taxocenoses de colêmbolos, besouros escarabeíneos, moscas saprófagas e térmitas registradas na SSC, sugerem que esse ecossistema é singular, dentro de um cenário generalizado de impacto antrópico presente na Caatinga, e possui um elevado potencial para a conservação da biodiversidade desse domínio no nordeste brasileiro.

Two new species of Cyphoderus Nicolet are described from northern Brazil: C. mucrominimus sp. nov. from Curionópolis, Pará; and C. mucrostrimenus sp. nov. from Parauapebas, Pará. These species belong to tridenticulati and bidenticulati groups respectively. The chaetotaxy of head and whole body are described and an identification key for the species with recorded distribution in Brazil is provided.

Two new species of springtails (Symphypleona: Sminthuridae), Pararrhopalites sideroicus sp. nov. and Pararrhopalites palaciosi sp. nov. are described. The species come from very different environments, the first is a cave dweller in iron caves and the other comes from tropical Atlantic forest leaf litter. They were found only from type localities, in Southeastern and Northeastern Brazil respectively. An identification key is provided for all members of the genus.

Checklist of Collembola (Arthropoda, Hexapoda) from Mato Grosso do Sul state. This is the fi rst dedicated list of Collembola for the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The results show that the state was never systematically surveyed, the information available about its Collembola come from few isolate collections, amounting six records.KEYWORDS. Collembola survey, springtails diversity, Midwest Region, Biota-MS Program.RESUMO. Apresenta-se a primeira listagem dedicada sobre a fauna de Collembola do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul. Os resultados mostram que o estado nunca foi inventariado de forma sistematica e as informacoes sobre sua colembolofauna sao resultados de algumas poucas coletas isoladas, totalizando seis registros.PALAVRAS-CHAVE. Inventario de Collembola, diversidade de colembolos, Regiao Centro-Oeste, Programa Biota-MS. Os colembolos (Collembola) sao hexapodes apteros frequentemente classifi cados, juntamente com Protura, como um grupo basal de Hexapoda chamado Ellipura. Habitam em todos os ambientes terrestres existentes no planeta, com distribuicao conhecida em fl orestas, regioes aridas e semiaridas, manguezais, cavernas, glaciares permanentes em montanhas e nos polos. Varias especies apresentam adaptacoes morfologicas e fisiologicas para ocupar ambientes especiais como especies cavernicolas, psamofi las e epineusticas (Christiansen, 1961; Culver, 1982).Constituem parte importante da fauna do solo e respondem rapidamente a alteracoes nas condicoes ambientais, sobretudo as especies endemicas (Deharveng, 1995; Zeppelini