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Bone size is an important trait for chickens because of its association with osteoporosis in layers and meat production in broilers. Here, we employed high density genotyping platforms to detect candidate genes for bone traits. Estimates of the narrow heritabilities ranged from 0.37 [+ or -] 0.04 for shank length to 0.59 [+ or -] 0.04 for tibia length. The dominance heritability was 0.12 [+ or -] 0.04 for shank length. Using a linear mixed model approach, we identified a promising locus within NCAPG on chromosome 4, which was associated with tibia length and mass, femur length and area, and shank length. In addition, three other loci were associated with bone size or mass at a Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significance threshold of 1%. One region on chicken chromosome 1 between 168.38 and 171.82 Mb harbored HTR2A, LPAR6, CAB39L, and TRPC4. A second region that accounted for 2.2% of the phenotypic variance was located around WNT9A on chromosome 2, where allele substitution was predicted to be associated with tibia length. Four candidate genes identified on chromosome 27 comprising SPOP, NGFR, GIP, and HOXB3 were associated with tibia length and mass, femur length and area, and shank length. Genome partitioning analysis indicated that the variance explained by each chromosome was proportional to its length. Key words: bone length, dominance effect, genome-wide association study, heritability, linear mixed model. La taille des os est un caractere important chez les poulets en raison de son association avec l'osteoporose chez les poules pondeuses et la production de viande chez les poulets de chair. Dans ce travail, les auteurs ont employe des plateformes de genotypage a haut debit pour detecter des genes candidats pour des caracteres en lien avec les os. Les estimes de l'heritabilite au sens strict variaient entre 0,37 [+ or -] 0,04 pour la longueur du tarse et 0,59 [+ or -] 0,04 pour la longueur du tibia. L'heritabilite decoulant de la dominance etait de 0,12 [+ or -] 0,04 pour la longueur du tarse. A l'aide d'un modele lineaire mixte, les auteurs ont identifie un locus prometteur au sein du NCAPG sur le chromosome 4, lequel etait associe a la longueur et a la masse du tibia, a la longueur et a la surface du femur, ainsi qu'a la longueur du tarse. De plus, trois autres locus etaient associes a la taille ou a la masse des os a un seuil de signification pangenomique corrige (selon la methode de Bonferroni) de 1 %. Une region sur le chromosome 1 du poulet, entre 168,38 et 171,82 Mb, contenait les genes HTR2A, LPAR6, CAB39L et TRPC4. Une seconde region qui expliquait 2,2 % de la variance phenotypique etait situee autour du locus WNT9A sur le chromosome 2, et la substitution de l'allele a ce locus etait associee a la longueur du tibia. Quatre genes candidats identifies sur le chromosome 27 (SPOP, NGFR, GIP et HOXB3) etaient associes avec la longueur et la masse du tibia, la longueur et la surface du femur, ainsi que la longueur du tarse. Une analyse de partitionnement du genome a indique que la variance expliquee par chaque chromosome etait proportionnelle a sa longueur. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : longueur des os, effet de dominance, etude d'association pangenomique, heritabilite, modele lineaire mixte., Introduction Bone growth is of importance to poultry production as skeletal problems are associated with economic losses and welfare issues (Bradshaw et al. 2002; Kapell et al. 2012). Long bone [...]

BACKGROUND: Combined use can be an effective measure to improve pest control by viruses and parasitic wasps. However, not all combinations of natural enemies show improved effects. Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) and Campoletis chlorideae Uchida are two important natural enemies of Helicoverpa armigera. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of C. chlorideae and HearNPV against H. armigera larvae and the impact of HearNPV on C. chlorideae. RESULTS: The combination of HearNPV and C. chlorideae exerted increased mortality on H. armigera when C. chlorideae parasitized larvae one day after infection with HearNPV. C. chlorideae could distinguish between HearNPV‐infected and noninfected larvae. Besides influencing host selection of C. chlorideae, HearNPV infection had negative effects on the development and reproduction of C. chlorideae. The developmental time of C. chlorideae was significantly prolonged and the percentage of emergence and adult eclosion of C. chlorideae was lower in infected hosts. The adult wasps were also smaller in body size, and female adults had fewer eggs when they developed in virus‐infected hosts. CONCLUSIONS: HearNPV combined with C. chlorideae could improve the efficacy of biological control against H. armigera. The results provided valuable information on the importance of timing in the combined use of HearNPV and C. chlorideae for the biological control of H. armigera. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]