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Xiaohui Bian,1– 3,&ast; Jining He,1– 3,&ast; Rui Zhang,1– 3 Sheng Yuan,1– 3 Kefei Dou1– 4 1Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Kefei Dou, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, A 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13801032912, Fax +86-10-6831-3012, Email drdoukefei@126.comBackground: Chronic low-grade inflammation is the common mechanism of both atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been emerged as a novel and simple inflammatory biomarker. However, the association between SII and glycemic metabolism and their synergetic effect on the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients remains unclear.Methods: A total of 8602 patients hospitalized for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target vessel revascularization. According to the optimal cut-off value of SII for MACEs, patients were grouped into higher levels of SII (SII-H) and lower levels of SII (SII-L) and further divided by the concomitance of T2DM into four groups: SII-H/T2DM, SII-H/Non-T2DM, SII-L/T2DM, SII-L/Non-T2DM.Results: During a median 2.4-year follow-up, 522 MACEs occurred. The optimal cut-off value of SII for MACEs was 502.5. A 1-unit increase of SII (transformed by natural logarithm) was associated with a 29% increase of MACE risks in the T2DM cohort [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03 to 1.61, P = 0.024], while had no effect in the non-T2DM cohort (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.34, P = 0.800). Compared to those in SII-H/T2DM group, patients in SII-H/Non-T2DM, SII-L/T2DM, SII-L/Non-T2DM had significantly decreased risk of MACEs [adjusted HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.98, P = 0.036; adjusted HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50 to 0.87, P = 0.003; adjusted HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.74, P < 0.001; respectively]. Multivariable Cox regression analysis also indicated the highest risk in T2DM patients with higher levels of SII than others (P for trend < 0.001).Conclusion: In this large-scale real-world study, diabetic patients with elevated SII levels were associated with worse clinical outcomes after PCI.Keywords: systemic immune-inflammation index, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary intervention

Jining He,1– 3 Chenxi Song,1– 3 Rui Zhang,1– 4 Sheng Yuan,1– 3 Jianjun Li,1,3 Kefei Dou1– 4 1Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kefei Dou, Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13801032912, Fax +86-10-6831-3012, Email drdoukefei@126.com Jianjun Li, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing, 100037, People’s Republic of China, Email lijianjun938@126.comPurpose: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a novel inflammatory biomarker, has been shown to positively predict prognosis independent of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to use discordance analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of NLR and hsCRP to predict adverse events in patients with stable CAD.Patients and Methods: This observational cohort study included 7827 consecutive CAD patients at Fuwai Hospital from March 2011 to April 2017. Discordant NLR with hsCRP was defined by the highest quartiles and medians. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and unplanned revascularization.Results: During a median 36-month follow-up, 624 (8.0%) MACCEs occurred. Compared with the lowest NLR quartile, a significantly higher risk of MACCEs was observed in the highest NLR quartile after adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09– 1.71). High NLR and low hsCRP discordance were also associated with an increased risk of MACCEs in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05– 1.84).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that discordantly elevated NLR levels were associated with a greater risk of adverse clinical events in patients with stable CAD, suggesting the potential clinical significance of NLR as a goal of inflammatory risk management.Keywords: coronary artery disease, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, inflammation, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, prognosis

Zhen Yang,1,* Juanli Duan,1,* Jianlin Wang,1,* Qi Liu,1 Runze Shang,1 Xisheng Yang,1 Peng Lu,2 Congcong Xia,1 Lin Wang,1 Kefeng Dou1 1Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: A safe and effective in vivo siRNA delivery system is a prerequisite for liver tumor treatment based on siRNA cancer therapeutics. Nanoparticles based on superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) provide a promising delivery system. In this study, we aimed to explore a novel nanoparticle, which is composed of SPIO.Materials and methods: The particles have a core of iron oxide that is modified by galactose (Gal) and polyethylenimine (PEI), which act as shells, providing targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNA to the liver cancer. Gal-PEI-SPIO nanoparticles were synthesized, and the characteristics of the Gal-PEI-SPIO encapsulated with siRNA were analyzed.Results: The particles remained nanoparticles and displayed negligible cytotoxicity when loaded with siRNA. In a serum stability assay, the Gal-PEI-SPIO nanoparticles could shield the siRNA from serum degradation and prolong the half-life of the siRNA in the system. Simultaneously, we found that the mixture could be efficiently taken up by Hepa1–6 cells in a flow cytometry assay. To study the anticancer effect, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to validate the silencing efficacy of the complexes in vitro. Subsequently, the nanoparticle mixtures were administered intravenously to tumor-bearing mice to explore the tissue distribution and the effect of the siRNA against cancer. We found that the nanoparticles could provide targeted siRNA delivery, accumulate easily in orthotopic tumors, enhance siRNA accumulation in the tumor tissues for 24 h and protect the siRNA from serum nuclease degradation in comparison with the control group. After these study procedures, the mice were sacrificed, and the tumors were removed to compare the tumor size and analyze the therapeutic effect on tumor growth. The tumor volume and the liver/body weight ratio were significantly reduced in the si-c-Met therapy groups. Additionally, the mRNA levels were also lower than those observed in the controls.Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that Gal-PEI-SPIO represents a promising and efficient platform for siRNA delivery in tumor therapy. Keywords: Gal-PEI-SPIO, hepatocellular carcinoma, c-Met, nanoparticle, siRNA

GH4169 alloy usually serves in high temperature environment，and the high temperature performance of GH4169 alloy made by additive material is often lower than that of the standard of forgings，which affects its service safety，thus it is necessary to improve its safety by means of heat treatment. In this work，GH4169 alloy was prepared by selective laser melting（SLM），and the effects of hot isostatic heat treatment process on the microstructure，high temperature tensile properties and high temperature stress rupture properties of the SLM formed GH4169 alloy were investigated by using characterization methods such as optical microscopy（OM），scanning electron microscopy（SEM）and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry（EDS），etc. The results show that，compared with the conventional heat treatment processes，the grains of GH4169 alloy after hot isostatic treatment are equiaxed，the pores and Laves phases are basically disappeared，the short rod-like δ phase is more continuous at the grain boundaries，a large number of granular γ'' phases are precipitated inside the grains，and the grains are significantly refined. After hot isostatic pressing treatment，the ultimate tensile strengths of GH4169 alloy at 650 ℃ are 1053 MPa and 1051 MPa，the elongations after breaking are 8.6% and 8.5%，the high temperature stress rupture properties are 1620 min and 2065 min，and the high temperature endurance time is improved by 90 times and 30 times respectively in scanning and building direction. The high temperature ultimate tensile strength and high temperature stress rupture properties are higher than wrought standard，while the elongation after breaking has not exceeded the wrought standard.

The cross-correlation function between two light fields is recorded with the help of a new device. The proposed correlator exhibits ultrashort time resolution. The optical path difference between the two interfering beams does not have to be known with interferometric precision. The experimental dynamic range proved to be as large as [10.sup.5]. The device features imaging capabilities that could be applied to the analysis of two-dimensional images with ultrashort time resolution. Key words: Ultrashort time resolution, optical sampling, imaging interferometry.

The concept, raw materials, technology, texture, sensory, nutrition, market, patent and safety of plant-based meat products were reviewed, and the achievements and shortcomings of the development of plant-based meat products were summarized. It is indicated that the next researching should be done from the protein types of raw materials, protein molecular modification, texturized protein production technology, genetic engineering technology transformation, etc.

Elastic modulus plays a key role in the application of porous metallic materials. However, to the best of our knowledge, few attempts have been made to model the simultaneous dependence of elastic modulus on temperature and porosity for metallic materials. The present article contributes to a rational temperature-porosity-dependent elastic modulus model for metallic materials with all parameters having definite physical significance. The model can well predict the elastic moduli of porous metallic materials, from extremely low temperature to ultrahigh temperature, and from dense material to about 0.9 porosity, with reference to an easy-to-access elastic modulus. In a special case, when intrinsic elastic modulus [M] = 2 and critical porosity P C = 1, a phenomenological parameter-free predictive model can be obtained. The model can be applied when the matrix Poisson ratio is 0.1 < v < 0.4 for Young’s modulus and 0.17 < v < 0.27 for shear modulus, which covers most metallic porous materials.

In order to effectively prevent and control the coal mine spontaneous combustion fire hazard, the research on the technology of cryogenic inert gas slurry was carried out aiming at the shortcomings of the existing inert gas fire-fighting technology, such as poor cooling effect and complicated conveying process. The experimental system for the preparation of cryogenic inert gas slurry and the cooling of heated loose coal was independently designed, and the temperature changes at different measuring points and the concentrations of CO and O2 in the experimental chamber were obtained under different injection flow rates. Results show that LCO2 (liquid CO2) is mixed with LN2(liquid nitrogen) in the pipeline transmission process, and injected into the experimental chamber in the form of solid, liquid and gas three-phase. The phase change occurs rapidly, the ordered structure is damaged, and a large amount of heat is absorbed. The temperature of air and coal in the box drops rapidly, and the fire prevention performance is better when large flow rate is injected. By comparing the fire-extinguishing effect of injecting liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide separately, it is concluded that the anti-fire-extinguishing technology of inert gas slurry has the advantages of both liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide, and the cooling and oxygen reduction effect is significant, and the anti-fire-extinguishing effect is better than that of liquid nitrogen and liquid carbon dioxide.