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ABSTRACT Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, and recent research suggests that gut microbiota and inflammatory cytokines may play a significant role in its pathogenesis. However, the specific effects of these factors on ITP and their relationships remain unclear. We conducted a two‐step, two‐sample Mendelian randomization study using an inverse variance‐weighted approach to investigate the causal role of the gut microbiota in ITP and the mediating effect of inflammatory cytokines on their association. The results showed that among the 473 gut microbiota species, 11 were positively associated and 12 were negatively associated with the risk of ITP. Among the 91 screened inflammatory cytokines, five (CXCL10, CXCL5, IL‐12RA, TRAIL, and VEGF‐A) were found to have a causal relationship with ITP. Mediation analysis revealed that the gut microbiota UBA1066 promoted the occurrence of ITP through CXCL10 mediation, with a mediation effect of 0.118932 (95% CI: 0.049471–0.188393) accounting for 9.95% of the total effect. Gut microbiota Treponema promoted ITP through VEGF‐A mediation, with a mediation effect of 0.045873 (95% CI: 0.01456–0.07718) accounting for 4.28% of the total effect. Gut microbiota Haloplasma promoted the occurrence of ITP via CXCL5. The mediating effect of CXCL5 was 0.038409 (95% CI = 0.00107718–0.07575082), with a mediating ratio of 16.79%. This study revealed a causal relationship between gut microbiota composition and ITP risk, highlighting three inflammatory cytokines as potential causal mediators of this relationship. These findings provide potential targets and biomarkers for the prevention and treatment of ITP with significant clinical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steganography, the use of algorithms to embed secret information in a carrier image, is widely used in the field of information transmission, but steganalysis tools built using traditional steganographic algorithms can easily identify them. Steganography without embedding (SWE) can effectively resist detection by steganography analysis tools by mapping noise onto secret information and generating secret images from secret noise. However, most SWE still have problems with the small capacity of steganographic data and the difficulty of extracting the data. Based on the above problems, this paper proposes image steganography without embedding carrier secret information. The objective of this approach is to enhance the capacity of secret information and the accuracy of secret information extraction for the purpose of improving the performance of security network communication. The proposed technique exploits the carrier characteristics to generate the carrier secret tensor, which improves the accuracy of information extraction while ensuring the accuracy of secret information extraction. Furthermore, the Wasserstein distance is employed as a constraint for the discriminator, and weight clipping is introduced to enhance the secret information capacity and extraction accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the data extraction accuracy by 10.03% at the capacity of 2304 bits, which verifies the effectiveness and universality of the method. The research presented here introduces a new intelligent information steganography secure communication model for secure communication in networks, which can improve the information capacity and extraction accuracy of image steganography without embedding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐covalent organic frameworks (MCOF) as a bridge between covalent organic framework (COF) and metal organic framework (MOF) possess the characteristics of open metal sites, structure stability, crystallinity, tunability as well as porosity, but still in its infancy. In this work, a covalent organic framework DT‐COF with a keto‐enamine structure synthesized from the condensation of 3,3′‐dihydroxybiphenyl diamine (DHBD) and triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) was coordinated with Cu2+ by a simple post‐modification method to a obtain a copper‐coordinated metal‐covalent organic framework of Cu‐DT COF. The isomerization from a keto‐enamine structure of DT‐COF to a enol‐imine structure of Cu‐DT COF is induced due to the coordination interaction of Cu2+. The structure change of Cu‐DT COF induces the change of the electron distribution in the Cu‐DT COF, which greatly promotes the activation and deep Li‐storage behavior of the COF skeleton. As anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), Cu‐DT COF exhibits greatly improved electrochemical performance, retaining the specific capacities of 760 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles and 505 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. The preliminary lithium storage mechanism studies indicate that Cu2+ is also involved in the lithium storage process. A possible mechanism for Cu‐DT COF was proposed on the basis of FT‐IR, XPS, EPR characterization and electrochemical analysis. This work enlightens a novel strategy to improve the energy storage performance of COF and promotes the application of COF and MCOF in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]