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A method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) was developed to determine the contents of deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, glycinecholic acid, taurocholic acid, tauroporic deoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid in the serum of rats with hyperthyroidism and each administration group. The separation of compounds was carried out on an Agilent zorbax SB-C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm×1.8 μm). The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in the water, the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min, the injection volume was 5 μL. The mass spectrometry was determined by electrospray ionization in negative ion mode, and was scanned by multiple response monitoring mode. The ion scanning range was m/z 50-1 000, with a capillary voltage of 3.5 kV, ion source temperature of 150 ℃, atomization gas flow rate of 50 L/h, desolvation gas flow rate of 800 L/h, desolvation temperature of 250 ℃. Multivariate analysis method of principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the content of bile acids in each group, which identified the nature of ginseng and biomarkers of bile acids that regulated the cold and hot nature of ginseng. Spearman was used to analyze the correlation between bile acid level and thyroid function. The results showed that the calibration curves of 8 bile acids were linear in the quantitative range. The average recoveries of bile acid isotopes ranged from 82.71% to 104.05% and the coefficients of variation were all less than 15%. Compared with the blank control group, the contents of deoxycholic acid, goose deoxycholic acid, porcine deoxycholic acid, and cholic acid in the serum of hyperthyroidism rats decreased, and the content of primary bile acid-cholic acid increased after administration of Phellodendrina chinense and ginseng leaves. The cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and goose deoxycholic acid can be used as the biomarkers for regulating bile acids in cold and cool nature herbs, and glycine cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid can be used as the biomarkers for regulating bile acids in warm nature herbs. The level of thyroxine (T4) was negatively correlated with deoxycholic acid. The level of tri-iodothyronine (T3) was negatively correlated with porcine deoxycholic acid, glycine cholic acid, taurocholic acid, taurocholic acid, and taurocholic acid. The UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, and strong multiplexing detection capability, which can be used to determine the content of serum bile acid. The abnormal level of bile acid is associated with thyroid hormone to a certain extent.

New dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin, named 22(R)-notoginsenoside Ab1 (1), together with thirteen known dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins (2-14) was isolated from the EtOH extract of black ginseng and their structures were elucidated on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR (including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY) and calculated ECD. Among them, compounds 1-2 and 6-8 were isolated for the first time from ginseng and black ginseng. Besides, the absolute structure of 22(R)- and 22(S)- notoginsenoside Ab1 were distinguished by ECD for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pair medicine is a unique feature of Chinese medicine. It refers to a specific composition of the two drugs usually used in the formulation of composite medicine, which could increase synergistically or decrease the side effects of one medication. Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR), a generally used drug, possessed the spleen-tonifying action always used with Rhubarb as a pair medicine to decrease the side effect of Rhubarb. Aim: To investigate the effect of Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma (AMR) and its effective constituents to alleviate the Rhubarb's side effect in their pair medicine. Materials and Methods: The mice were administered Rhubarb until the induction of diarrhea followed by gastrointestinal injury. The gastrointestinal injured mice were treated with AMR's water decoction and its subfractions for 5 consecutive days. The decoction and subfraction were chemically characterized using the High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode-array detector (DAD) analysis. Results: The results showed that AMR's water decoction (6 g/kg) was discovered to be the most effective dose to treat gastrointestinal injury induced by Rhubarb. Body weight, thymus and spleen indexes, the intestinal propulsion rate, and D-xylose absorption in mice with diarrhea and intestinal injury were analyzed to reveal the significant difference between the tested and control groups (P < 0.01). The Water Eluated Fraction (WEF), Petroleum Ether Fraction (PEF), and Crude Polysaccharide Fraction (CPF) could not only increase the levels of amylase, gastrin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide significantly but also ease diarrhea and intestinal injury situation compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: AMR and its subfractions effectively ameliorate gastrointestinal side effects of Rhubarb and its components. WEF mainly contained 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and small molecular sugar. PEF mainly composed of sesquiterpene lactone-atractylenolides, while CPF mainly composed of inulin-type oligosaccharides elucidated by HPLC analysis, was the most effective subfraction to alleviate diarrhoea and gastrointestinal injury induced by Rhubarb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical constituents of 95% EtOH extract of yacon leaves were separated to yield two new sesquiterpene lactones, together with three known compounds. The two new compounds were characterized to be 8β-angeloyloxy-13-methoxyl-11, 13-dihydromelampolid-14-oic acid methyl ester (1) and 8β-(3-methylbut-2-enoyl) oxy-13-methoxyl-11, 13-dihydromelampolid-14-oic acid methyl ester (2) on the basis of NMR spectra, HR-MS and other spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-5 were evaluated on human hepatoma cell Bel-7402 and all the compounds showed moderate cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, two new compounds, together with six known compounds, were isolated from rhizome ofAtractylodes macrocephalaKoidz by a series of silica gel, ODS column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were characterized as atractylenolide II (1), atractylenolide I (2), biepiasterolid (3), isoatractylenolide I (4), atractylenolide III (5), 3β-acetoxyl atractylenolide I (6), (4E,6E,12E)-tetradeca-4,6,12-triene-8,10-diyne-13,14-triol (7), (3S,4E,6E,12E)-1-acetoxy-tetradeca-4,6,12-triene-8,10-diyne-3,14-diol (8) on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, and circular dichroism analyses. Among them, compounds6and8were novel compounds. In addition, their neuroprotective activity against MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated by MTT colorimetry. The results showed that all these compounds have definite protective effect on MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The chemical constituents of 60% EtOH extract of yacon leaves were separated to yield a new compound, together with four known compounds, which were isolated for the first time from yacon. The new compound was characterised and named as chlorodalin (1) on the basis of NMR (1D and 2D), HR-MS and other spectral methods. The cytotoxic activities of 1–5 were evaluated on two human tumour cell lines and the new compound showed significant cytotoxic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]