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1. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author

Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, Osvaldo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Saiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew, Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew David, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Ivan, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan, Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth, Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Emiliano Quiroga, R., Reed, Sasha, Rey, Ana, Rey, Pedro, Gómez, Víctor Manuel Reyes, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan Christian, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew David, Tielbörger, Katja, Robles, Silvia Torres, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Maestre, Fernando T.

Published
2024
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2. Author Correction: Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author

Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, Osvaldo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Saiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Gozalo, Beatriz, Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew, Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel Augusto, Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew David, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Ivan, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan, Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hernández, Rosa Mary, Hölzel, Norbert, Hughes, Frederic Mendes, Jadan, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Issa, Oumarou Malam, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth, Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Emiliano Quiroga, R., Reed, Sasha, Rey, Ana, Rey, Pedro, Gómez, Víctor Manuel Reyes, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan Christian, Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew David, Tielbörger, Katja, Robles, Silvia Torres, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, and Maestre, Fernando T.

Published
2024
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3. Change in dominance determines herbivore effects on plant biodiversity

Author

Koerner, Sally E, Smith, Melinda D, Burkepile, Deron E, Hanan, Niall P, Avolio, Meghan L, Collins, Scott L, Knapp, Alan K, Lemoine, Nathan P, Forrestel, Elisabeth J, Eby, Stephanie, Thompson, Dave I, Aguado-Santacruz, Gerardo A, Anderson, John P, Anderson, T Michael, Angassa, Ayana, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Elisabeth S, Bastin, Gary, Baur, Lauren E, Beard, Karen H, Beever, Erik A, Bohlen, Patrick J, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Canestro, Don, Cesa, Ariela, Chaneton, Enrique, Cheng, Jimin, D’Antonio, Carla M, Deleglise, Claire, Dembélé, Fadiala, Dorrough, Josh, Eldridge, David J, Fernandez-Going, Barbara, Fernández-Lugo, Silvia, Fraser, Lauchlan H, Freedman, Bill, García-Salgado, Gonzalo, Goheen, Jacob R, Guo, Liang, Husheer, Sean, Karembé, Moussa, Knops, Johannes MH, Kraaij, Tineke, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Kytöviita, Minna-Maarit, Lezama, Felipe, Loucougaray, Gregory, Loydi, Alejandro, Milchunas, Dan G, Milton, Suzanne J, Morgan, John W, Moxham, Claire, Nehring, Kyle C, Olff, Han, Palmer, Todd M, Rebollo, Salvador, Riginos, Corinna, Risch, Anita C, Rueda, Marta, Sankaran, Mahesh, Sasaki, Takehiro, Schoenecker, Kathryn A, Schultz, Nick L, Schütz, Martin, Schwabe, Angelika, Siebert, Frances, Smit, Christian, Stahlheber, Karen A, Storm, Christian, Strong, Dustin J, Su, Jishuai, Tiruvaimozhi, Yadugiri V, Tyler, Claudia, Val, James, Vandegehuchte, Martijn L, Veblen, Kari E, Vermeire, Lance T, Ward, David, Wu, Jianshuang, Young, Truman P, Yu, Qiang, and Zelikova, Tamara Jane

Subjects
Life Below Water, Animals, Biodiversity, Desert Climate, Grassland, Herbivory, Mammals, Plants
Abstract

Herbivores alter plant biodiversity (species richness) in many of the world's ecosystems, but the magnitude and the direction of herbivore effects on biodiversity vary widely within and among ecosystems. One current theory predicts that herbivores enhance plant biodiversity at high productivity but have the opposite effect at low productivity. Yet, empirical support for the importance of site productivity as a mediator of these herbivore impacts is equivocal. Here, we synthesize data from 252 large-herbivore exclusion studies, spanning a 20-fold range in site productivity, to test an alternative hypothesis-that herbivore-induced changes in the competitive environment determine the response of plant biodiversity to herbivory irrespective of productivity. Under this hypothesis, when herbivores reduce the abundance (biomass, cover) of dominant species (for example, because the dominant plant is palatable), additional resources become available to support new species, thereby increasing biodiversity. By contrast, if herbivores promote high dominance by increasing the abundance of herbivory-resistant, unpalatable species, then resource availability for other species decreases reducing biodiversity. We show that herbivore-induced change in dominance, independent of site productivity or precipitation (a proxy for productivity), is the best predictor of herbivore effects on biodiversity in grassland and savannah sites. Given that most herbaceous ecosystems are dominated by one or a few species, altering the competitive environment via herbivores or by other means may be an effective strategy for conserving biodiversity in grasslands and savannahs globally.

Published
2018

5. Evaluating models of expert judgment to inform assessment of ecosystem viability and collapse.

Author

Dorrough, Josh, Travers, Samantha K., Val, James, Scott, Mitchell L., Moutou, Claudine J., and Oliver, Ian

Subjects
*ENDANGERED ecosystems, *ECOSYSTEM management, *TEMPERATE forests, *JUDGMENT (Psychology), *ENVIRONMENTAL protection
Abstract

Expert judgment underpins assessment of threatened ecosystems. However, experts are often narrowly defined, and variability in their judgments may be substantial. Models built from structured elicitation with large diverse expert panels can contribute to more consistent and transparent decision‐making. We conducted a structured elicitation under a broad definition of expertise to examine variation in judgments of ecosystem viability and collapse in a critically endangered ecosystem. We explored whether variation in judgments among 83 experts was related to affiliation and management expertise and assessed performance of an average model based on common ecosystem indicators. There were systematic differences among individuals, much of which were not explained by affiliation or expertise. However, of the individuals affiliated with government, those in conservation and environmental departments were more likely to determine a patch was viable than those in agriculture and rural land management. Classification errors from an average model, in which all individuals were weighted equally, were highest among government agriculture experts (27%) and lowest among government conservation experts (12%). Differences were mostly cases in which the average model predicted a patch was viable but the individual thought it was not. These differences arose primarily for areas that were grazed or cleared of mature trees. These areas are often the target of restoration, but they are also valuable for agriculture. These results highlight the potential for conflicting advice and disagreement about policies and actions for conserving and restoring threatened ecosystems. Although adoption of an average model can improve consistency of ecosystem assessment, it can fail to capture and convey diverse opinions held by experts. Structured elicitation and models of ecosystem viability play an important role in providing data‐driven evidence of where differences arise among experts to support engagement and discussion among stakeholders and decision makers and to improve the management of threatened ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, Osvaldo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Saiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Stephens, Colton R.A., Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Tielbörger, Katja, Torres Robles, Silvia, Travers, Samantha K., Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Gozalo, Beatriz, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, Maestre, Fernando T., Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo E., Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew David, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan J., Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusmán-Montalván, Elizabeth, Hernández, Rosa M., Hölzel, Norbert, Hughes, Frederic M., Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty J., Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Ana, Rey, Pedro J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor Manuel, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan C., Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, Osvaldo, Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Saiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Stephens, Colton R.A., Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew D., Tielbörger, Katja, Torres Robles, Silvia, Travers, Samantha K., Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Gozalo, Beatriz, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Zhang, Yuanming, Zhou, Xiaobing, Maestre, Fernando T., Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bowker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo E., Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David A., Dougill, Andrew David, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Gaitán, Juan J., Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusmán-Montalván, Elizabeth, Hernández, Rosa M., Hölzel, Norbert, Hughes, Frederic M., Jadán-Maza, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai F., Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Louw, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs-Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty J., Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R. Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Ana, Rey, Pedro J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor Manuel, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan C., Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, and Stavi, Ilan

Abstract

Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure and herbivore type, climate and plant functional traits on 24 soil physical and chemical attributes that represent proxies of key ecosystem services related to decomposition, soil fertility, and soil and water conservation. To do this, we conducted a standardized global survey of 288 plots at 88 sites in 25 countries worldwide. We show that aridity and plant traits are the major factors associated with the magnitude of plant effects on fertile islands in grazed drylands worldwide. Grazing pressure had little influence on the capacity of plants to support fertile islands. Taller and wider shrubs and grasses supported stronger island effects. Stable and functional soils tended to be linked to species-rich sites with taller plants. Together, our findings dispel the notion that grazing pressure or herbivore type are linked to the formation or intensification of fertile islands in drylands. Rather, our study suggests that changes in aridity, and processes that alter island identity and therefore plant traits, will have marked effects on how perennial plants support and maintain the functioning of drylands in a more arid and grazed world.

Published
2024

7. Hotspots of biogeochemical activity linked to aridity and plant traits across global drylands

Author

European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Hermon Slade Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Science Foundation (US), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Asia Foundation, Northern Arizona University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Gross, Nicolas [0000-0001-9730-3240], Mallen-Cooper, Max [0000-0002-8799-8728], Ochoa, Victoria [0000-0002-2055-2094], Gozalo, Beatriz [0000-0003-3082-4695], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], García-Gómez, Miguel [0000-0003-3148-1495], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime [0000-0001-5859-5674], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Ahmadian , Negar [0000-0003-1191-3019], Ahumada, Rodrigo J. [0000-0002-7246-4459], Alcántara, Julio M. [0000-0002-8003-7844], Amghar, Fateh [0000-0003-0379-7273], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Blaum, Niels [0000-0001-6807-5162], Boldgiv, Bazartseren [0000-0003-0015-8142], Browker, Matthew A. [0000-0002-5891-0264], Bran, Donaldo [0000-0001-7749-2726], Bu, Chongfeng [0000-0002-5839-7229], Canessa, Rafaella [0000-0002-6979-9880], Castro, Ignacio [0000-0002-7594-6824], Castro-Quezada, Patricio [0000-0002-2366-2256], Cesarz, Simone [0000-0003-2334-5119], Conceição, Abel A. [0000-0001-7461-0133], Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony [0000-0002-2825-7962], Davila, Yvonne C. [0000-0002-5144-5742], Deák, Balázs [0000-0001-6938-1997], Donoso, David [0000-0002-3408-1457], Dougill, Andrew [0000-0002-3422-8228], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Espinosa, Carlos Iván [0000-0002-5330-4505], Fajardo, Alex [0000-0002-2202-6207], Farzam, Mohammad [0000-0003-1947-0187], Fraser, L. H. [0000-0003-3998-5540], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Hernández, Rosa M. [0000-0003-0689-8862], Jadán, Oswaldo. [0000-0002-7865-2418], Jentsch, Anke [0000-0002-2345-8300], Kaseke, Kudzai Farai [0000-0002-3856-0711], Köbel, Melanie [0000-0001-8272-7999], Lehmann, Anika [0000-0002-9101-9297], Liancourt, Pierre [0000-0002-3109-8755], Linstädter, Anja [0000-0003-0038-9557], Low, Michelle A. [0000-0002-2148-9752], Maggs Kölling, Gillian [0000-0003-3296-8553], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Malam Issa, Oumarou [0000-0001-8357-914X], Marais, Eugene [0000-0001-7155-9942], Mendoza, Betty [0000-0003-1149-7801], Mora, Juan P. [0000-0002-6335-0150], Moreno, Gerardo [0000-0001-8053-2696], Munson, Seth M. [0000-0002-2736-6374], Nunes, Alice [0000-0002-6900-3838], Oliva, Gabriel [0000-0002-7839-8851], Oñatibia, Gastón [0000-0003-2329-6601], Peter, Guadalupe [0000-0002-7792-7045], Pueyo, Yolanda [0000-0001-6970-7790], Quiroga, R Emiliano [0000-0001-9785-451X], Reed, Sasha C. [0000-0002-8597-8619], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rey, P.J. [0000-0001-5550-0393], Rolo, Víctor [0000-0001-5854-9512], Rillig, Matthias C. [0000-0003-3541-7853], Le Roux, Peter C. [0000-0002-7941-7444], Salah, Ayman [0000-0003-0596-1292], Stavi, Ilan [0000-0001-9725-0003], Stephens, Colton R. A. [0000-0002-8744-6405], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Thomas, Andrew [0000-0002-1360-1687], Travers, Samantha [0000-0002-6252-1667], Valkó, Orsolya [0000-0001-7919-6293], van den Brink, Liesbeth [0000-0003-0313-8147], Velbert, Frederike [0000-0003-0499-3807], von Heßberg, Andreas [0009-0007-0303-3624], Wamiti, Wanyoike [0000-0001-7300-2101], Wang, Deli [0000-0001-6576-9193], Wang, Lixin [0000-0003-0968-1247], Wardle, Glenda M. [0000-0003-0189-1899], Yahdjian, Laura [0000-0002-9635-1221], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Yuanming, Zhang [0000-0003-1370-4181], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, O., Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Sáiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew, Tielbörger, Katja, Torres Robles, Silvia, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Gozalo, Beatriz, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Yuanming, Zhang, Zhou, Xiaobing, Maestre, Fernando T., Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza de Carlos, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian , Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Browker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David, Dougill, Andrew, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, L. H., Gaitán, Juan J., Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hölzel, Norbert, Mendes Hughes, Frederic, Jadán, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai Farai, Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Low, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón, Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Ana, Rey, P.J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor Manuel, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., Le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan C., Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, Stephens, Colton R. A., European Commission, Generalitat Valenciana, Hermon Slade Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Science Foundation (US), National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Asia Foundation, Northern Arizona University, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Ministerio de Universidades (España), Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Ding, Jingyi [0000-0002-4120-6318], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Gross, Nicolas [0000-0001-9730-3240], Mallen-Cooper, Max [0000-0002-8799-8728], Ochoa, Victoria [0000-0002-2055-2094], Gozalo, Beatriz [0000-0003-3082-4695], Guirado, Emilio [0000-0001-5348-7391], García-Gómez, Miguel [0000-0003-3148-1495], Valencia, Enrique [0000-0003-3359-0759], Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime [0000-0001-5859-5674], Plaza de Carlos, César [0000-0001-8616-7001], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Ahmadian , Negar [0000-0003-1191-3019], Ahumada, Rodrigo J. [0000-0002-7246-4459], Alcántara, Julio M. [0000-0002-8003-7844], Amghar, Fateh [0000-0003-0379-7273], Berdugo, Miguel [0000-0003-1053-8907], Blaum, Niels [0000-0001-6807-5162], Boldgiv, Bazartseren [0000-0003-0015-8142], Browker, Matthew A. [0000-0002-5891-0264], Bran, Donaldo [0000-0001-7749-2726], Bu, Chongfeng [0000-0002-5839-7229], Canessa, Rafaella [0000-0002-6979-9880], Castro, Ignacio [0000-0002-7594-6824], Castro-Quezada, Patricio [0000-0002-2366-2256], Cesarz, Simone [0000-0003-2334-5119], Conceição, Abel A. [0000-0001-7461-0133], Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony [0000-0002-2825-7962], Davila, Yvonne C. [0000-0002-5144-5742], Deák, Balázs [0000-0001-6938-1997], Donoso, David [0000-0002-3408-1457], Dougill, Andrew [0000-0002-3422-8228], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Espinosa, Carlos Iván [0000-0002-5330-4505], Fajardo, Alex [0000-0002-2202-6207], Farzam, Mohammad [0000-0003-1947-0187], Fraser, L. H. [0000-0003-3998-5540], Gaitán, Juan J. [0000-0003-2889-1418], Hernández, Rosa M. [0000-0003-0689-8862], Jadán, Oswaldo. [0000-0002-7865-2418], Jentsch, Anke [0000-0002-2345-8300], Kaseke, Kudzai Farai [0000-0002-3856-0711], Köbel, Melanie [0000-0001-8272-7999], Lehmann, Anika [0000-0002-9101-9297], Liancourt, Pierre [0000-0002-3109-8755], Linstädter, Anja [0000-0003-0038-9557], Low, Michelle A. [0000-0002-2148-9752], Maggs Kölling, Gillian [0000-0003-3296-8553], Makhalanyane, Thulani P. [0000-0002-8173-1678], Malam Issa, Oumarou [0000-0001-8357-914X], Marais, Eugene [0000-0001-7155-9942], Mendoza, Betty [0000-0003-1149-7801], Mora, Juan P. [0000-0002-6335-0150], Moreno, Gerardo [0000-0001-8053-2696], Munson, Seth M. [0000-0002-2736-6374], Nunes, Alice [0000-0002-6900-3838], Oliva, Gabriel [0000-0002-7839-8851], Oñatibia, Gastón [0000-0003-2329-6601], Peter, Guadalupe [0000-0002-7792-7045], Pueyo, Yolanda [0000-0001-6970-7790], Quiroga, R Emiliano [0000-0001-9785-451X], Reed, Sasha C. [0000-0002-8597-8619], Rey, Ana [0000-0003-0394-101X], Rey, P.J. [0000-0001-5550-0393], Rolo, Víctor [0000-0001-5854-9512], Rillig, Matthias C. [0000-0003-3541-7853], Le Roux, Peter C. [0000-0002-7941-7444], Salah, Ayman [0000-0003-0596-1292], Stavi, Ilan [0000-0001-9725-0003], Stephens, Colton R. A. [0000-0002-8744-6405], Teixido, Alberto L. [0000-0001-8009-1237], Thomas, Andrew [0000-0002-1360-1687], Travers, Samantha [0000-0002-6252-1667], Valkó, Orsolya [0000-0001-7919-6293], van den Brink, Liesbeth [0000-0003-0313-8147], Velbert, Frederike [0000-0003-0499-3807], von Heßberg, Andreas [0009-0007-0303-3624], Wamiti, Wanyoike [0000-0001-7300-2101], Wang, Deli [0000-0001-6576-9193], Wang, Lixin [0000-0003-0968-1247], Wardle, Glenda M. [0000-0003-0189-1899], Yahdjian, Laura [0000-0002-9635-1221], Zaady, Eli [0000-0002-3304-534X], Yuanming, Zhang [0000-0003-1370-4181], Maestre, Fernando T. [0000-0002-7434-4856], Eldridge, David J., Ding, Jingyi, Dorrough, Josh, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Sala, O., Gross, Nicolas, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, Mallen-Cooper, Max, Sáiz, Hugo, Asensio, Sergio, Ochoa, Victoria, Teixido, Alberto L., Thomas, Andrew, Tielbörger, Katja, Torres Robles, Silvia, Travers, Samantha, Valkó, Orsolya, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Velbert, Frederike, von Heßberg, Andreas, Wamiti, Wanyoike, Gozalo, Beatriz, Wang, Deli, Wang, Lixin, Wardle, Glenda M., Yahdjian, Laura, Zaady, Eli, Yuanming, Zhang, Zhou, Xiaobing, Maestre, Fernando T., Guirado, Emilio, García-Gómez, Miguel, Valencia, Enrique, Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime, Plaza de Carlos, César, Abedi, Mehdi, Ahmadian , Negar, Ahumada, Rodrigo J., Alcántara, Julio M., Amghar, Fateh, Azevedo, Luísa, Ben Salem, Farah, Berdugo, Miguel, Blaum, Niels, Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Browker, Matthew A., Bran, Donaldo, Bu, Chongfeng, Canessa, Rafaella, Castillo-Monroy, Andrea P., Castro, Ignacio, Castro-Quezada, Patricio, Cesarz, Simone, Chibani, Roukaya, Conceição, Abel A., Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony, Davila, Yvonne C., Deák, Balázs, Díaz-Martínez, Paloma, Donoso, David, Dougill, Andrew, Durán, Jorge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Espinosa, Carlos Iván, Fajardo, Alex, Farzam, Mohammad, Foronda, Ana, Franzese, Jorgelina, Fraser, L. H., Gaitán, Juan J., Geissler, Katja, Gonzalez, Sofía Laura, Gusman-Montalvan, Elizabeth, Hölzel, Norbert, Mendes Hughes, Frederic, Jadán, Oswaldo, Jentsch, Anke, Ju, Mengchen, Kaseke, Kudzai Farai, Köbel, Melanie, Lehmann, Anika, Liancourt, Pierre, Linstädter, Anja, Low, Michelle A., Ma, Quanhui, Mabaso, Mancha, Maggs Kölling, Gillian, Makhalanyane, Thulani P., Malam Issa, Oumarou, Marais, Eugene, McClaran, Mitchel, Mendoza, Betty, Mokoka, Vincent, Mora, Juan P., Moreno, Gerardo, Munson, Seth M., Nunes, Alice, Oliva, Gabriel, Oñatibia, Gastón, Osborne, Brooke, Peter, Guadalupe, Pierre, Margerie, Pueyo, Yolanda, Quiroga, R Emiliano, Reed, Sasha C., Rey, Ana, Rey, P.J., Reyes Gómez, Víctor Manuel, Rolo, Víctor, Rillig, Matthias C., Le Roux, Peter C., Ruppert, Jan C., Salah, Ayman, Sebei, Phokgedi Julius, Sharkhuu, Anarmaa, Stavi, Ilan, and Stephens, Colton R. A.

Abstract

Perennial plants create productive and biodiverse hotspots, known as fertile islands, beneath their canopies. These hotspots largely determine the structure and functioning of drylands worldwide. Despite their ubiquity, the factors controlling fertile islands under conditions of contrasting grazing by livestock, the most prevalent land use in drylands, remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluated the relative importance of grazing pressure and herbivore type, climate and plant functional traits on 24 soil physical and chemical attributes that represent proxies of key ecosystem services related to decomposition, soil fertility, and soil and water conservation. To do this, we conducted a standardized global survey of 288 plots at 88 sites in 25 countries worldwide. We show that aridity and plant traits are the major factors associated with the magnitude of plant effects on fertile islands in grazed drylands worldwide. Grazing pressure had little influence on the capacity of plants to support fertile islands. Taller and wider shrubs and grasses supported stronger island effects. Stable and functional soils tended to be linked to species-rich sites with taller plants. Together, our findings dispel the notion that grazing pressure or herbivore type are linked to the formation or intensification of fertile islands in drylands. Rather, our study suggests that changes in aridity, and processes that alter island identity and therefore plant traits, will have marked effects on how perennial plants support and maintain the functioning of drylands in a more arid and grazed world.

Published
2024

8. Application and attitudes: active restoration in the context of biodiversity offsetting.

Author

Hernandez, Stephanie, Dorrough, Josh, Ruoso, Laure‐Elise, Brazill‐Boast, James, Newman, Kate, Oliver, Ian, and Plant, Roel

Subjects
*STRUCTURAL equation modeling, *ATTITUDE (Psychology), *MONETARY incentives, *SOCIAL norms, *RECORDS management
Abstract

The global trend in offsetting for no‐net‐loss (NNL) is increasing, focusing on protecting high‐condition habitats and restoring degraded ones. Australia's New South Wales (NSW) Biodiversity Offset Scheme (BOS) promotes active restoration (AR; reconstruction of missing ecosystem properties, AR) on offset sites. We examined (1) the adoption of AR under the BOS, and (2) practical constraints and attitudes toward AR. Records of management actions on 138 proposed offset sites revealed that AR was proposed for 19.3% (12,180 ha) of the total offset area (67,310 ha). For areas with a low‐moderate condition score (26,528 ha), AR was proposed for only 27.3% (7248 ha), despite these being the areas where it would be most likely to be necessary. A survey of 111 individuals involved in offsetting policy and restoration revealed that while 76% agreed AR was necessary for NNL, financial constraints were seen as a major barrier. A structural equation model indicated that positive attitudes toward AR rules and AR as a social imperative were strongly linked to agreement on the necessity of AR for NNL outcomes. Our results indicate that attitudes could influence the adoption of AR on offset sites, even in cases where policies are explicitly designed to provide financial incentives for AR, as exemplified in the context of NSW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Does the NSW vegetation integrity assessment underestimate the conservation values of derived native grasslands?

Author

Dorrough, Josh and Oliver, Ian

Subjects
*GRASSLANDS, *BIODIVERSITY conservation, *ARITHMETIC mean, *GROUND vegetation cover, *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation
Abstract

Summary: Vegetation condition metrics are often used as a surrogate of biodiversity to support management decisions, conservation regulations and biodiversity markets. Vegetation condition metrics, which aggregate multiple attributes, are often criticised for simplifying the complexity of biodiversity. A particular challenge is substitution when high‐scoring attributes compensate for those with low scores (e.g. high vegetation cover compensating for low growth from diversity). The geometric mean is often suggested for aggregation to reduce these effects. In New South Wales, Australia, the Vegetation Integrity metric, calculated as the geometric mean of Composition, Structure and Function sub‐indices, measures the losses and gains in biodiversity values within the NSW Biodiversity Offsets Scheme. However, concern has been raised that Vegetation Integrity underestimates conservation values of derived native grasslands when the Function sub‐index (primarily tree‐related attributes) approaches zero. We explore this issue using two datasets and compare the current Vegetation Integrity metric with aggregation using the arithmetic mean, adopting a minimum value of 10/100 for the Function sub‐index and use of a grassland benchmark for derived native grasslands. Our evaluation draws on a large‐scale expert elicitation of conservation values in Critically Endangered Box‐gum Grassy Woodlands and 4018 Vegetation Integrity estimates undertaken during development assessments. We find that Vegetation Integrity underestimates conservation values of derived native grasslands and that the problem is widespread. Although evidence most strongly supports aggregation using the arithmetic mean, this change could be disruptive to the Biodiversity Offsets Scheme. Alternatively, a sub‐index minimum of 10/100 eliminates underestimation of derived native grasslands without substantial impacts in other circumstances. We found little evidence to support the use of a grassland benchmark, which tended to overestimate conservation values. This study highlights the need for sufficient flexibility in biodiversity policies and regulations to accommodate ongoing metric evaluation and revision to support more robust biodiversity outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Integrated analysis of aboveground and belowground indicators support a comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem recovery.

Author

Dorrough, Josh, Val, James, Travers, Samantha K., Wilson, Brian, Eldridge, David J., Carrillo, Yolima, Nielsen, Uffe N., Powell, Jeff R., Wilks, Gabriel, McPherson, Paul, and Oliver, Ian

Subjects
*ECOSYSTEMS, *NUTRIENT cycles, *CARBON in soils, *RESTORATION ecology, *FOREST restoration, *ORGANIC compounds
Abstract

Analyses of diverse aboveground and belowground indicators should underpin assessments of ecosystem recovery, yet monitoring many indicators is costly and their integration is challenging. Our objective was to combine indicators through a Bayesian hierarchical model to provide a comprehensive assessment of ecosystem status and identify a cost‐effective subset of indicators to provide an accurate estimate of ecosystem recovery. We assessed 59 aboveground–belowground indicators, classified into nine components of composition, structure, and function, to estimate the ecosystem status of restored rock spoils and reference forests in south‐eastern Australia. Overall ecosystem status, which integrates across ecosystem components and supporting indicators, was lower within restored forests but positively correlated with forest age. Reference forests had greater aboveground and belowground biotic structure, organic matter supply, and soil carbon stability, and trends were consistent among all of their supporting indicators. A subset of organic matter quality and nutrient cycling indicators were greater within restored forests, suggesting high ecosystem process rates, but that soil carbon may be more vulnerable to loss. Aboveground biotic structure was correlated with organic matter supply and quality, stability of soil carbon, the cycling of nutrients, and belowground biotic structure, providing evidence of aboveground–belowground coupling. A combination of four indicators representing belowground biotic structure, soil carbon stability, organic matter supply, and aboveground composition, provided a good estimate of ecosystem status at a third of the cost. Although ecosystem status can be monitored with a small set of indicators, a diversity of aboveground–belowground indicators provide a robust and comprehensive assessment of recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Temporal dynamics in biotic and functional recovery following mining David J. Eldridge

Author

University of New South Wales (Australia), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, University of Newcastle (Australia), Western Sydney University, University of New England (Australia), British Ecological Society, Australian Coal Association Research Program, Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Carrillo, Yolima [0000-0002-8726-4601], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Macdonald, Catriona [0000-0001-9239-4593, Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Eldridge, David J., Oliver, Ian, Powell, Jeff R., Dorrough, Josh, Carrillo, Yolima, Nielsen, Uffe N., Macdonald, Catriona, Wilson, Brian, Fyfe, Christine, Amarasinghe, Apsara, Kuginis; Laura, Peake, Travis, Robinson, Trish, Howe, Belinda, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, University of New South Wales (Australia), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Junta de Andalucía, University of Newcastle (Australia), Western Sydney University, University of New England (Australia), British Ecological Society, Australian Coal Association Research Program, Eldridge, David J. [0000-0002-2191-486X], Carrillo, Yolima [0000-0002-8726-4601], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Macdonald, Catriona [0000-0001-9239-4593, Nielsen, Uffe N. [0000-0003-2400-7453], Eldridge, David J., Oliver, Ian, Powell, Jeff R., Dorrough, Josh, Carrillo, Yolima, Nielsen, Uffe N., Macdonald, Catriona, Wilson, Brian, Fyfe, Christine, Amarasinghe, Apsara, Kuginis; Laura, Peake, Travis, Robinson, Trish, Howe, Belinda, and Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel

Abstract

Human-induced disturbance has substantially influenced the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems globally. However, the extent to which multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) recover following anthropogenic disturbance (ecosystem recovery) remains poorly understood. We report on the first study examining the temporal dynamics in recovery of multifunctionality from 3 to 12 years after the commencement of rehabilitation following mining-induced disturbance, and relate this information to changes in biota. We examined changes in 57 biotic (plants, microbial) and functional (soil) attributes associated with biodiversity and ecosystem services at four open-cut coal mines in eastern Australia. Increasing time since commencement of rehabilitation was associated with increases in overall multifunctionality, soil microbial abundance, plant productivity, plant structure and soil stability, but not nutrient cycling, soil carbon sequestration nor soil nutrients. However, the temporal responses of individual ecosystem properties varied widely, from strongly positive (e.g. litter cover, fine and coarse frass, seed biomass, microbial and fungal biomass) to strongly negative (groundstorey foliage cover). We also show that sites with more developed biota tended to have greater ecosystem multifunctionality. Moreover, recovery of plant litter was closely associated with recovery of most microbial components, soil integrity and soil respiration. Overall, however, rehabilitated sites still differed from reference ecosystems a decade after commencement of rehabilitation. Synthesis and applications. The dominant role of plant and soil biota and litter cover in relation to functions associated with soil respiration, microbial function, soil integrity and C and N pools suggests that recovering biodiversity is a critically important priority in rehabilitation programs. Nonetheless, the slow recovery of most functions after a decade indicates that rehabilitation after op

Published
2022

20. Temporal dynamics in biotic and functional recovery following mining

Author

Eldridge, David J., primary, Oliver, Ian, additional, Powell, Jeff R., additional, Dorrough, Josh, additional, Carrillo, Yolima, additional, Nielsen, Uffe N., additional, Macdonald, Catriona A., additional, Wilson, Brian, additional, Fyfe, Christine, additional, Amarasinghe, Apsara, additional, Kuginis, Laura, additional, Peake, Travis, additional, Robinson, Trish, additional, Howe, Belinda, additional, and Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel, additional

Published
2022
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21. Conservation: Limits of Land Sparing

Author

FISCHER, JOERN, BATÁRY, PÉTER, BAWA, KAMALJIT S., BRUSSAARD, LIJBERT, CHAPPELL, M. JAHI, CLOUGH, YANN, DAILY, GRETCHEN C., DORROUGH, JOSH, HARTEL, TIBOR, JACKSON, LOUISE E., KLEIN, ALEXANDRA M., KREMEN, CLAIRE, KUEMMERLE, TOBIAS, LINDENMAYER, DAVID B., MOONEY, HAROLD A., PERFECTO, IVETTE, PHILPOTT, STACY M., TSCHARNTKE, TEJA, VANDERMEER, JOHN, WANGER, THOMAS CHERICO, and VON WEHRDEN, HENRIK

Published
2011

29. The acceptable range of variation within the desirable stable state as a measure of restoration success.

Author

Oliver, Ian, Dorrough, Josh, and Travers, Samantha K.

Subjects
*RESTORATION ecology, *ECOSYSTEM dynamics, *ECOLOGICAL disturbances, *SUCCESS, *ECOSYSTEMS, *ECOLOGICAL regime shifts
Abstract

It is standard practice to compare the status of performance indicators between restoration and reference sites to monitor restoration progress and demonstrate restoration success. However, standard methods for defining the reference ecosystem, selecting reference sites, and measuring success are surprisingly lacking. Our study develops these methods based on the acceptable range of variation (ARV) within the desirable stable (reference) state as a measure of restoration success. The method (1) constrains application to the contemporary landscape to avoid the problematic historical range of variation concept and idealized restoration targets; (2) acknowledges the theory of alternative stable states and ecosystem dynamics and posits that the reference ecosystem should be clearly defined as a desirable stable (reference) state; and (3) shows that identifying an acceptable thematic (classification) scale and an acceptable management timeframe is essential to defining the desirable stable (reference) state. We present two approaches to calculating an ARV and a simulation method to explore reference site replication sufficiency. We apply the methods to two contrasting Australian restoration case studies and recommend that routine adoption of these methods would make a significant contribution to the science and practice of restoration ecology and to the assessment of restoration success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Using tree hollow data to define large tree size for use in habitat assessment

Author

Travers, Samantha K, Dorrough, Josh, Oliver, Ian, Somerville, M, Watson, C. J., McNellie, Megan J., Travers, Samantha K, Dorrough, Josh, Oliver, Ian, Somerville, M, Watson, C. J., and McNellie, Megan J.

Abstract

Habitat assessments often require observers to estimate tree hollows in situ, which can be costly, destructive and prone to bias. An alternative is to count the number of trees above a specific size. The size at which a tree develops hollows differs substantially among tree species. To assist with setting standards for habitat assessment we defined a large tree as the size at which a species has a 50% probability of supporting a 2-cm diameter hollow. We estimated this size for 68 species using a meta-analysis based on 18 data sources. We found that large tree size ranged from 21 to 106 cm diameter at breast height (DBH). Each species was attributed to vegetation types (formations and classes) to explore variation in large tree sizes. Despite considerable variation within vegetation classes and formations, our results suggest that a large tree size of approximately 50 cm DBH may be appropriate for most vegetation types, with lower estimates in semi-arid vegetation (~30 cm) and higher estimates in wet sclerophyll forests (~80 cm). Our estimates provide empirical support for defining large trees at species vegetation class and formation levels within New South Wales, and highlights the need for more empirical data.

Published
2018

43. Responses of diversity and dominance to grazing. A global analysis

Author

Koerner, Sally, Smith, Melinda, Burkepile, Deron, Anderson, Mike, Avolio, Meghan, Eby, Stephanie, Forrestel, Elisabeth, Lemoine, Nathan, Thompson, Dave, Aguado-Santacruz, Gerardo, Anderson, John, Angassa, Ayana, Ariela, Cesa, Augustine, David, Bagchi, Sumanta, Bakker, Elisabeth, Bastin, Gary, Bond, William, Chaneton, Enrique, Cheng, Jimin, Dean, Sue, Deleglise, Claire, Dembele, Fadiala, Dorrough, Josh, Fernández-Lugo, Silvia, Fraser, Lauchlan, Freedman, Bill, Goheen, Jake, Guo, Liang, Hanan, Niall, Husheer, Sean, Karembe, Moussa, Knops, Jean, Krajj, Tineke, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Kytöviita, Minna-Maarit, Lezama, Felipe, Loucougaray, Gregory, Loydi, Alejandro, Milchunas, Dan, Morgan, John, Moxham, Claire, Nehring, Kyle, Olff, Hans, Pringle, Robert, Riginos, Corinna, Risch, Anita, Ritchie, Mark, Rueda, Marta, Sankaran, Mahesh, Sasaki, Takehiro, Schuetz, Martin, Schultz, Nick, Schwabe-Kratochwil, Angelika, Siebert, Frances, Smit, Chris, STORM, Christian, Strong, Dustin, Su, Jishuai, Todd, Simon, Veblen, Kari, Vermeire, Lance, Ward, David, Wu, Jianshuang, Young, Truman, Yu, Qiang, Zelikova, Jane, University of North Carolina [Greensboro] (UNCG), University of North Carolina System (UNC), DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY FORT COLLINS COLORADO USA, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Marine Science Institute [Santa Barbara] (MSI), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Technology Institute Roque (Instituto Tecnológico de Roque), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiologicas y Ecologicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Agroscope, New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Dalhousie University [Halifax], INSTITUT D'ECONOMIE RURALE BAMAKO MLI, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Utah State University (USU), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of Groningen [Groningen], University of Wyoming (UW), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Yokohama National University, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Federation University [Churchill, Australia], Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), Northwestern University [Evanston], Dundalk Institute of Technology (DkIT), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), and University of California

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

45. Maximizing the value of systematic reviews in ecology when data or resources are limited

Author

Doerr, Erik, Dorrough, Josh, Davies, Micah J., Doerr, Veronica, McIntyre, Sue, Doerr, Erik, Dorrough, Josh, Davies, Micah J., Doerr, Veronica, and McIntyre, Sue

Abstract

Systematic reviews provide a rigorous, repeatable and quantitative method for assessing and synthesizing all available empirical evidence to evaluate a specific research, management, or policy question. They are particularly well suited for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental management actions, and thus for underpinning evidence-based adaptive natural resource management. However, their current utility may be limited in countries like Australia, where both the amount of research relative to land area and of well-monitored, active land management for environmental purposes are relatively low. Based on our experience conducting two of the first ecological systematic reviews in Australia, we have developed a number of recommendations for conducting systematic reviews in situations where resources and/or primary research data are limited. We discuss potential modification or augmentation of most aspects of the systematic review process including selection of a review team, question formulation, search strategy, data analysis, and the communication of results, as well as the inherent tradeoffs between systematic thoroughness and available resources that are involved in these changes. We hope that our recommendations will encourage more ecologists to undertake systematic reviews even if primary research and resources to conduct the review appear to be limited, as even a modified systematic review can provide more defensible evidence-based guidelines for management of natural resources.

Published
2015

46. Conservation: Limits of Land Sparing:[and] Response

Author

Fischer, Joern, Batáry, Péter, Bawa, Kamaljit S, Brussaard, Lijbert, Chappell, M. Jahi, Clough, Yann, Daily, Gretchen C, Dorrough, Josh, Hartel, Tibor, Jackson, Louise E, Klein, Alexandra M, Kremen, Claire, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lindenmayer, David B, Mooney, Harold A, Perfecto, Ivette, Philpott, Stacy M, Tscharntke, Teja, Vandermeer, John, Wanger, Thomas Cherico, and von Wehrden, Henrik

Subjects
Sustainability sciences, Management & Economics
Published
2011
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49. Better Management of Wool Business and Native Biodiversity

Author

Moll, Jim, Crosthwaite, Jim, and Dorrough, Josh

Subjects
Livestock Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy
Abstract

Better ways of managing native biodiversity and farm business are examined on selected wool properties across the Central Victoria region in Australia, using the Ararat Hills as a case study. Future management options are being developed in close collaboration with each producer in order to enhance native biodiversity while maintaining or improving farm profitability. Detailed vegetation surveys have been carried out on each property, and a set of management options developed that are consistent with regional conservation priorities. The options involve various levels of capital expenditure and outlay of time and resources. The challenge of the project is to come up with solutions that help offset this outlay of resources and minimise the costs involved. Preliminary findings from the biodiversity surveys and the evaluation of the financial position of the farms are reported.

Published
2003
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50. From plant neighbourhood to landscape scales: how grazing modifies native and exotic plant species richness in grassland

Author

Dorrough, Josh, Ash, Julian, McIntyre, Sue, Bruce, Sarah, Dorrough, Josh, Ash, Julian, McIntyre, Sue, and Bruce, Sarah

Abstract

The interactive effect of grazing and soil resources on plant species richness and coexistence has been predicted to vary across spatial scales. When resources are not limiting, grazing should reduce competitive effects and increase colonisation and richness at fine scales. However, at broad scales richness is predicted to decline due to loss of grazing intolerant species. We examined these hypotheses in grasslands of southern Australia that varied in resources and ungulate grazing intensity since farming commenced 170 years ago. Fine-scale species richness was slightly greater in more intensively grazed upper slope sites with high nutrients but low water supply compared to those that were moderately grazed, largely due to a greater abundance of exotic species. At broader scales, exotic species richness declined with increasing grazing intensity whether nutrients or water supply were low or high. Native species richness declined at all scales in response to increasing grazing intensity and greater resource supply. Grazing also reduced fine-scale heterogeneity in native species richness and although exotics were also characterised by greater heterogeneity at fine scales, grazing effects varied across scales. In these grasslands patterns of plant species richness did not match predictions at all scales and this is likely to be due to differing responses of native and exotic species and their relative abundance in the regional species pool. Over the past 170 years intolerant native species have been eliminated from areas that are continually and heavily grazed, whereas transient, light grazing increases richness of both exotics and natives. The results support the observation that the processes and scales at which they operate differ between coevolved ungulate-grassland systems and those in transition due to recent invasion of herbivores and associated plant species.

Published
2007

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