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The article deals with the issues of the peculiarities of the growth and development of the bioenergy crop - miscanthus and the reliticity of the rhizomes depending on the quality of the planting material - the number of buds on the planted rhizomes. A research has found that the more buds on the rhizomes, than the higher percentage of rooting. On average, over three years, the highest survivability - 57% was in rhizomes, which had 9 or more buds. In rhizome with 4-8 buds it was lower. The lowest rooting - 36% was by the rhizome with 1-3 buds planting. It was revealed that weather conditions were significantly influenced on the rigidity of the rhizomes. Thus, in 2016, it was the lowest in all variants, due to excessive moisture of the soil and the formation of whole water saucers, which led to roasting and rotting of rhizomes planted. Miskanthus is badly perceives a high level of groundwater and excessive humidity, but in April of 2016 the precipitation fell by 139.1%, and in May 137.9% of the average multi-year indicator. It was revealed that in all phases of crop growth and development, plant height, the area of the assimilation surface of leaves, the number of leaves, and the number of shoots was more intense than in the rhizomes seeding, which had 9 or more buds. For rhizomes seeding with 4-8 buds, these indices were also significantly higher than in control (rhizomes seedling with 1-3 buds), but a significant difference compared with the variant where the rhizomes was planted with 9 or more buds. By planting rhizomes with 1-4 buds (control) between plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, number of shoots, the number of buds on the rhizomes and roots mass is found the strong direct correlation, the correlation coefficient was accordingly – 0.95 0.91, 0.58, 0.63 and 1.00. The similar results were obtained for planting rhizomes that had 4-8 and 9 or more buds. That is, an increase of the mass contributed to an increase in the growth of the rhizome mass, and accordingly - the output of the planting material - rhizomes. For rhizomes seeding with 9 or more buds, the intensity of the growth of the miscanthus earth mass was most intense and, accordingly, the largest was of the rhizome mass, which was 1339.6 g or in 2.5 times greater than that on the control.

The article deals with the peculiarities of switchgrass seeds germination, which ensure a decrease in the state of its biological rest and, accordingly, a laboratory similarity increase. The insufficient and excessive moistening of the bed for switchgrass seeds germination affected on the intensity of its germination, but was not decisive for a significant decrease in its dormancy and increase in the number of sprouted seeds was found. Significant influence of germination temperature on the germination intensity of switchgrass seeds was established. At the same time, when the seeds germinate at a constant temperature, it germinated more intensively than at a variable temperature. If, on the seventh day, 12 seedlings were obtained at a constant germination temperature of 20 °C without first cooling, then no seedlings were observed at the variable germination temperature for that day, as well as for 10th day (germination energy). Seeds pre-cooling reduced temperature of 10 °C for 14 days and subsequent germination at a constant temperature of 20 °C provided a reduction of the resting state of the seed and increase the intensity of its germination on the 10th day from 15 to 61%, but with this method of reducing the biological Seed germination of seeds can be obtained in 34 days. Therefore, research was conducted with the switchgrass seeds of different years of culture sowing to improve the existing method of germination. It was found that the germination energy and seeds similarity depended more on the years of sowing of the switchgrass than on the term of seeds cooling before germination. An average of 24 experiments did not reveal a significant difference from the number of switchgrass germinated seeds for cooling it for 7 days and germination at 20 °C, compared to control - cooling for 14 days.

Research on the effect of herbicides against dicotyledonous weeds Betanal Extra and against grass weeds Centurion on uterine beet growth and development is widely used on sugar beet.No significant difference according to the rules and types of herbicides as ChS component and pollinators and polyspermous for fractional composition of roots was found. The basic amount of ChS component of uterine plants was 150 g from 66 to 72%, polyspermous pollinators - from 46 to 72%, which can be planted by existing planting machines. In the meantime, as on the control such roots by the components were 66 and 42% respectively. However, negative influence of these herbicides on seed biometric indicators, which uterine plants were treated with, wasn’t set. Significant violations of ploidy of uterine beet plant components were determined. Uterine sugar beet treatment with maximum dose of herbicides is recommended for sugar beet sowings, the number of diploids is decreased by 51.3–54.2%, while the number of miksploids is increased in 3,9–4,1 times in comparison with the control. The least chromosomal device change is undergone by the uterine plants processing of Betanal Expert herbicide in norm 1 l/ha. Seed analysis showed that even with such significant violations of ploidy of uterine sugar beet plant components, there is no significant influence of herbicides on seed quality, especially for its purity. Using Extra Betanal herbicide as completely norm and as half of the norm, from the recommended rate and Centurion herbicide half norm from the recommended has not led to germination and purity of seed decreasing. Germination of seed was 66–72% (66% in control), purity - 96,1–97,6% in control 96.6% (LSD05 = 2.6%).

The results of the impact of the pelleting coating on the quality of seed of Chicory root have been shown. Pelleting of Chicory root contributed to the increase in its size by the diameter and thickness. The best is to create a pellet coating with weighing of 100% of the weight of the seed, which provides the obtaining of the pelleting seed with the adjustment of 87,2% of fraction with 1,5–2,5 mm in diameter. But, even with the application of 100% of the pelleting mixture on Chicory root seed with similarity to pelleting of 95% on average in the three varieties its germinating energy (by 7%,) and similarity (by 5%) significantly decreased compared with the control. Increasing of the weight of the pelleting coating with weight of 150–200%, these indicators significantly decreased compared with the control and with the pelleting seed where the pellet weight was 100% by weight of the seed

Svitchgras (Panicumv virgatum L.) is a new crop for Ukraine. But its cultivation on degraded lands is important in order the solid fuels to produce. Reproduction of this crop by seed is most favorable way. Svitchgras seed is characterized by a high state of calm and especially immediately after harvesting. Current methods for the quality of seed determining cannot be used to assess the intensity of Svitchgras germination, which is inherent in long dormancy. The article highlights the ways to determine the intensity of sprouting and period of accounting of Svitchgras sprouting energy and seed germination. Seed pre-cooling and its term are significantly influenced on the intensity of seed germination. During the four days cooling is provided intensity of germination increasing on the seventh day after sowing by the sprouting at a constant temperature of 20 °C on 15% compared with the control. During four days seed germination at variable temperature after pre-cooling on the 10th and subsequent dates of accounting the intensity of germination was significantly higher than the germination at a constant temperature, due to the influence of low temperature on resting state of seed. With the use of two methods the accounting date of sprouted seed that characterize its sprouting energy is determined. The basis is M.K. Fisova methodology of sprouting energy accounting period in which the vigor is determined by minimum number of days during of which the maximum number of culture seed is germinating. The 10th day after sowing is the term of Svitchgras seed energy of germination definition.

The effect of an oxygen-containing compound on the cracking of an aromatic hydrocarbon is studied using the example of a model phenol–tetralin mixture. An analysis of the temperature dependences of the cracking rate constant of tetralin and tetralin in a mixture with phenol indicates that tetralin cracking is ihhibited during its co-conversion with an oxygen-containing compound due to the greater adsorption capacity of phenol on the catalyst's surface. It is found that phenol in the model mixture changes the composition of liquid products, especially at low cracking temperatures. The effect of water on the conversion of a phenol-tetralin mixture is studied. It is established that water in the model feedstock reduces the inhibition of the cracking reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon by an oxygen-containing compound. Based on the results of catalytic reactions, it is determined that when water is added, the level of the overall conversion of the mixture and the conversion of tetralin increase regardless of temperature. No appreciable qualitative differences between the distributions of cracking products in model mixtures with and without water have been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of adding clay with different contents of iron oxides to a catalytic cracking system on the distribution of feedstock sulfur in synthesized products and the amount of sulfur oxides formed during the regeneration of coked catalyst after the cracking of a model sulfur-containing feedstock with a sulfur content of 10 000 ppm, derived from 2-methylthiophene or benzothiophene has been studied. The fraction of the feedstock sulfur converted into liquid products and coke can be seen to grow when a sulfur-containing component with a higher molecular weight is used. Raising the content of iron oxide in the catalyst from 0.61 to 1.53 wt % increases the yield of liquid products during the cracking of a model feedstock, reduces the conversion of a model hydrocarbon. The yield of coke on the catalyst grows from 3.8 to 5.2 wt %, and the fraction of feedstock sulfur converted into SO2 quadruples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]