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The outcome for newborns with respiratory distress syndrome has significantly improved since introducing surfactant therapy along with the initiation of bi-level positive airway pressure or continuous positive airway pressure. It has not been established yet regarding the best mode of respiratory assistance for pre-term neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. This investigation aims to evaluate the application of bilevel-positive airway pressure as a management approach for preterm newborns who have undergone surfactant therapy and compare it to other commonly used respiratory support methods. Our data suggests a positive trend towards a higher percentage of full-term births and a gradual decrease in preterm births over the evaluated period. This trend highlights notably the significance of surfactant therapy in the care of preterm infants. The use of CPAP has dropped tremendously, while the practice of BiPAP has shown a magnificent upsurge. Preterm newborns who received CPAP had higher levels of measured mean values of carbon dioxide compared to those treated with BIPAP. The lower carbon dioxide values in BIPAP-treated infants suggest that BIPAP may be a more effective form of respiratory support in maintaining proper carbon dioxide levels. In conclusion, the data analysis reveals a noticeable decrease in total newborns and the expansion of the use of BIPAP over CPAP for respiratory support. Our data suggests that BiPAP may be more effective in diminishing the necessity for intubation and the required time of ventilation for preterm newborns with respiratory issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Biomaterials are essential in modern medicine, both for patients and research. Their ability to acquire and maintain functional vascularization is currently debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vascularization induced by two collagen-based scaffolds (with 2D and 3D structures) and one non-collagen scaffold implanted on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)., Materials and Methods: Classical stereomicroscopic image vascular assessment was enhanced with the IKOSA software by using two applications: the CAM assay and the Network Formation Assay, evaluating the vessel branching potential, vascular area, as well as tube length and thickness., Results: Both collagen-based scaffolds induced non-inflammatory angiogenesis, but the non-collagen scaffold induced a massive inflammation followed by inflammatory-related angiogenesis. Vessels branching points/Region of Interest (Px^2) and Vessel branching points/Vessel total area (Px^2), increased exponentially until day 5 of the experiment certifying a sustained and continuous angiogenic process induced by 3D collagen scaffolds., Conclusion: Collagen-based scaffolds may be more suitable for neovascularization compared to non-collagen scaffolds. The present study demonstrates the potential of the CAM model in combination with AI-based software for the evaluation of vascularization in biomaterials. This approach could help to reduce and replace animal experimentation in the pre-screening of biomaterials., (Copyright © 2024, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)