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The objective of this research is to analyze the spatial, functional, and constructive aspects of the water resource at the Archaeological Center of Tipon, given the lack of awareness towards the timely preservation of archaeological heritage, the deterioration of the terraces, and the contamination of the rivers adjacent to the archaeological site due to the discharge of waste into the water bodies. The methodology employed consists of a site study analysis, considering data on terrain, environment, climate, and water flow in the spatial, functional, and constructive aspects, supported by digital tools (Google Earth Pro 2024, AutoCAD 2024, SketchUP 2024, Sun Path 3D 2024, Photoshop 2024, and Twinmotion 2024). The results yielded a spatial–functional–constructive hydrological analysis; the water flow, constructed underground through a masonry system with an approximate angle of 60° in stone or pink granite, also maintained a negative slope, generally between 1% and 3%, which facilitated a rapid and direct distribution, presenting a greater flow with a width and depth of 30 cm, in addition to a vertical drop of 240 cm. The efficient use of water in agriculture through interconnected terraces ensured the population’s sustenance by approximately 80%. In conclusion, the analysis not only provides information on the infrastructure and water management but also addresses current issues.

The aim of the research is to examine the biophysical, spatial, functional, and structural components of the pre-Hispanic terracing systems located in the ancient city of Pisaq, considering the impacts of tourism, geological instability, and cultural loss on the ecological and economic value of the terracing system. The methodology includes site analysis, climatology, and an examination of local flora and fauna, supported by digital tools such as QGIS 3.34, Google Earth Pro 2024, and Sun-Path. The results were primarily supported by the use of software tools such as QGIS, AutoCAD 2023, SketchUp 2022, 3D Sun-Path, D5 Render 2024, and Photoshop 2021. The findings include a biophysical analysis related to ecological and economic zoning (EEZ), which determines variables for preservation and reforestation; a spatial analysis measuring the cultivation terraces, with areas ranging from 4.89 ha to 110.20 ha; a functional analysis examining geophysical aspects such as seismic resistance and microclimate effects due to the greenhouse effect; and a constructive analysis that characterizes terrace typologies from an architectural perspective. In conclusion, this analysis evaluates the terracing system of the archaeological park to ensure its preservation and effective management. It also highlights that Inca culture has left a legacy of sustainable architecture, which aligns with the current Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (6, 11, 13, 15).

Population growth in the last 30 years has generated an energy shortage and excessive consumption of products, generating a large percentage of solid waste. Urban expansion has led to a significant impact on the biodiversity of both flora and fauna. In this context, the objective of this research is to develop a design for a green corridor that optimizes ecological energy efficiency and contributes to the revaluation of the Huatanay River in Cuzco. The methodology used in this study is articulated in four stages: literature analysis; analysis of the environment through supporting data such as Climate consultant, SIGRID, and GEO Peru; results where the proposed project is carried out; and finally, the conclusions and discussions where they are contrasted with a similar bibliography. The design of the green corridor efficiently takes advantage of the natural resources available in the area, which has 70% green areas and 30% public spaces, where 13 kWh/day of energy is generated, according to the calculations made in sector 2 of the botanical garden that will later be replicated in the other sectors, derived from biodigesters for the lighting of spaces of the botanical garden. The corridor, in turn, aims to recover the ecological function of the river through the restoration of its course, the reforestation of its banks, and the creation of recreational areas. In conclusion, the green corridor aims to revitalize the Huatanay River through different elements, among which the botanical garden stands out.

Currently, the lack of adequate spaces for raising awareness among the population, coupled with disorderly urban growth, has led to an increase in water pollution from solid waste and the disruption of natural habitats in Villa Marshes. Therefore, this research focuses on implementing green corridors for the study of birdlife and environmental education, aiming to raise awareness about the importance of preserving this ecosystem. Various methodologies were employed, including climate analysis, characterization of flora and fauna, and bioclimatic design strategies supported by specialized software. The feasibility of this proposal was compared with other similar projects, emphasizing community importance. As a result, a network of green corridors was designed, including environmental education and visitor centers, along with the implementation of renewable energies to enhance energy efficiency. The main conclusion is that integrating renewable energies into the conservation of Villa Marshes offers a unique opportunity to promote a balance between human development and environmental protection.

The present research has the objective of proposing the design of rural housing infrastructure with self-sustainable modular design strategies that allow for a regional conservation area within the Callejón de Conchucos. The absence of adequate territorial planning has led to disorganized urban growth, characterized by the lack of green areas, resulting in a negative impact on the quality of urban life of the inhabitants, increasing their risk to natural disasters. The methodology employed was the analysis of extensive research through a comprehensive literature review, urban studies and climate assessments. Sustainability strategies were implemented using various digital tools, such as Climate Consultant, Google Earth and maps, AutoCAD, Revit, SketchUp and 3D Sun path. Therefore, the proposal allows for the enhancement of comfort through spaces for the conservation of natural resources, taking advantage of its landscape and nature of the place, with the characteristics of sustainability in rural and urban housing in high Andean areas, implementing bioclimatic strategies, such as evaporative cooling, and clean technologies that allow for an energy efficiency of 50%. In conclusion, the proposal for the Callejón de Conchucos seeks to transform the region into an attractive tourist destination by providing high-quality ecosystem services and an enriched cultural experience by integrating modular design criteria and employing sustainable and appropriate technologies.

Cost overruns, delays, and poor quality are frequent in public investment projects under the contract modality, executed by the Executing Unit: Special Project Huallaga Central and Bajo Mayo (PEHCBM). The purpose of this research is to identify the factors that affect the fulfillment of contracts for the execution of public works in the PEHCBM. This research includes the determination of the most influential factors using the relative importance index (RII), as well as surveys administered to a sample of 25 experts. A total of 91 articles from 48 academic journals were selected. With the application of the RII, 21 factors were determined, distributed among the dimensions of cost, time, and quality, and validated by the experts with a Spearman’s coefficient of value 0.521. In the case study, seven relevant factors were determined in PEHCBM execution contracts, identifying overtime between 4.7% and 524.2%, as well as a cost increase between 8.8% and 52.2%. Similarly, adverse situations detected by the Comptroller’s Office were determined, with an accumulated economic damage of about PEN 19 million, determining the high influence of the cost, time, and quality dimensions on them. In conclusion, this study shows the high overtime and the deficient quality of the works carried out by the contracting modality, which generated economic damage to the State.

The educational problems in the area, economic disparities, conflict situations, and deficiencies in educational infrastructure directly affect the quality and accessibility of education. Therefore, the present research aims to generate comfort for users of the educational center by applying sustainable design strategies in Carabayllo, Peru. The study started with a literature review, an analysis of flora and fauna, passive design strategies, and climatic analysis applying sustainability strategies supported by digital tools (AutoCAD, Revit Collaborate, Climate Consultant, OpenStreetMap, JOSM, Rhinoceros, and Grasshopper). As a result, the design proposes an educational center that ensures year-round comfort through energy efficiency, the use of eco-friendly materials, and green roofs. Additionally, it includes the implementation of dry toilets, biofilters, and xerophytic vegetation for orchards, promoting food production and enhancing the treatment of nearby public spaces. In conclusion, this proposal enhances the quality of life for users by applying passive design strategies and sustainability principles, adopting clean energy sources, and efficiently managing waste, thereby contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The present research aims to propose the design of a green corridor with a systemic/sustainable approach to function as an ecological lung for the city of Cuzco. A lack of planning has resulted in uncontrolled urban development, with a shortage of green areas, negatively affecting the quality of life. Green corridors stand out as solutions that encourage social interaction and improve public health. This approach recognizes the need for balanced resource management and institutional, economic and social organization. In the specific case of Cusco, the lack of social interaction highlights the importance of addressing these challenges to improve the quality of life for both residents and visitors. The methods developed were an extensive literature review, urban analysis and climate analysis, applying sustainability strategies supported by digital tools (Google Earth, Climate Consultant 6.0, Autocad, SketchUp and 3d Sun Path). As a result, this proposal presents green areas covering 69.96% of the total area, aimed at providing recreational spaces and connecting residents and visitors with nature. Additionally, biolakes were designed, accounting for 3.18% of the area, serving as ornamental elements and contributing to the environmental quality of the urban environment. The botanical zone, encompassing 18.14% of the project, was designed to accommodate a diverse range of plant species, providing an educational and aesthetic environment. The convention area, representing 9.7% of the total area, was designed to host events and community activities, promoting social and cultural interaction. Finally, 0.98% of the space was allocated to the cultural zone, where artistic exhibitions, cultural events, and related activities can be planned, enriching the cultural and social life of the community. These percentages reflect careful consideration of the needs and aspirations of the population, as well as a comprehensive approach to sustainable urban design and the creation of multifunctional spaces. In conclusion, through a green corridor, the aim is to counteract uncontrolled urban expansion and environmental degradation by generating a green lung in the city of Cuzco, naturally regulating the climate and contributing to air and water purification. The absence of green corridors and sustainable approaches to social connectivity in Cusco could reduce the quality of life of residents, affecting their physical and mental health. The lack of green and recreational spaces could increase segregation and alienation in the community, weakening social cohesion. Without green corridors, the city would also face environmental and biodiversity challenges, as well as a reduced ability to respond to extreme weather events. The lack of implementation of these strategies could compromise comprehensive development and quality of life in Cuzco.

The present research aims to propose resilient urban-design strategies to mitigate the risk of landslides in Huaraz. This study addresses the growing challenge of climate change and its influence on the occurrence of avalanches in Huaraz, Peru. The methodology employed included a literature review, site analysis using digital tools, and the formulation of resilient urban-design strategies. As a result, a Master Plan for Urban Resilience is proposed, using a detailed literature review, climate studies, and topographic evaluation to design urban strategies that enhance the city’s sustainability and safety. The proposed interventions, including channel expansion, installation of gabions and containment meshes, reforestation, and strategic relocation of housing, demonstrate significant potential to reduce vulnerability to avalanches. This multidisciplinary approach underscores the necessity of integrating urban adaptations in response to extreme climate variations in the Andean regions. The proposal stands out for its innovation and resilience, precisely aligning with the unique characteristics of Huaraz. The comprehensive strategy not only focuses on urban regeneration and risk prevention but also aims to significantly improve the community’s quality of life.

In a global context, where the construction industry is a major source of CO2 emissions and resource use, is dependent on concrete and its risks, and lags behind in digitalization, a clear need arises to direct architecture towards more practical, efficient, and sustainable practices. This research introduces an alternative technique for building timber space structures, aiming to expand its applications in areas with limited access to advanced technologies such as CNCs with more than five axes and industrial robotic arms. This involves reconfiguring economic and ecological constraints to maximize the structural and architectural advantages of these systems. The method develops a parametric tool that integrates computational design and manufacturing based on two-axis laser cutting for shells with segmented hexagonal plywood plates. It uses a modified ‘half-lap joint’ mechanical joint, also made of plywood and without additional fasteners, ensuring a precise and robust connection. The results demonstrate the compatibility of the geometry with two-axis CNC machines, which simplifies manufacturing and reduces the cuts required, thus increasing economic efficiency. The prototype, with a span of 1.5 m and composed of 63 plywood panels and 163 connectors, each 6 mm thick, supported a point load of 0.8 kN with a maximum displacement of 5 mm, weighing 15.1 kg. Assembly and disassembly, carried out by two students, took 5 h and 1.45 h, respectively, highlighting the practicality and accessibility of the method. In conclusion, the technique for building timber shells based on two-axis CNC is feasible and effective, proven by practical experimentation and finite element analysis.

The objective of this research is to propose a public transport reorganization system that allows the improvement of urban vehicle flow. The lack of adequate transportation infrastructure and the existing disorder in the services provided by collective car, Microbus, Rural Public Transportation Van (Combi), Coaster, and mototaxis generate congestion in public transportation, especially during peak hours, resulting in environmental and noise pollution. The research was structured into four stages: data collection on the public and private transportation network, importing and creating the transportation network in the urban area of the Huánuco district, zoning and connectivity of the study area, and finally, creating the origin/destination (O/D) matrix for public transportation, supported by digital tools (ArcGIS 10.5, AutoCAD 2018, Excel 2017). To meet the demand of 135,343 passengers from South to North and 118,958 from North to South, the proposal includes establishing one main route and seven feeder routes, requiring 422 buses and road infrastructure, as depicted in the proposal This system will have exclusive lanes to operate the Mass Transit System, allowing it to accommodate 59% of users who prefer using public transportation. This proposal aims to offer an efficient and high-quality transportation system.

The objective of this research is to propose the implementation of neurostimulating architecture strategies for the design of early childhood educational centers. These strategies could be relevant for their implementation in rapidly growing urban areas in Peru, where many children lack access to early education. There has been an increase of 4.40% in the dropout rate at this educational level in recent years, and it has been observed that classrooms and educational facilities are not adequately prepared to accommodate the activities of this educational level. Likewise, the difficulty in accessing simple architectural design strategies that enhance cognitive development in children is concerning, especially when infants in early childhood have a natural capacity to acquire new knowledge, which, if not stimulated, could impact their adult lives. The research methodology adopts a mixed approach, analyzing two educational centers in the Villa El Salvador district to evaluate their current conditions in relation to neurostimulating architecture indicators. Interviews with specialists, questionnaires for the study subjects, and an observation guide were also used. This comprehensive approach allows for a better analysis and interpretation of the results. As a result, accessible design archetypes based on nine neurostimulating architecture indicators (illumination, green areas, shape, size, layout, accessibility, scale, colors, materiality) were obtained, and these were applied in an architectural design proposal for an early education center. In conclusion, the application of neurostimulating architecture as a strategy in the design of early childhood education centers has the potential to improve learning and enhance early cognitive development.

This research aims to implement green walls as thermal insulators on the east and west facades of the adjacent areas of the School of Biological Sciences at Ricardo Palma University. The growth of urban cities causes an increase in CO2 emissions and the loss of agricultural land. The methodology applied involves evaluating the thermal behavior, analyzing the local climate, and assessing plant species for implementation. As a result, the successful implementation of green walls on the east and west facades was achieved, which has proven to effectively reduce wall heating, decrease the temperature rise in nearby spaces, and minimize reliance on artificial ventilation systems. This has led to energy and cost savings, decreased CO2 emissions, and increased oxygen production. By implementing green walls on the east facade, there has been an increase of 60.73% in comfort hours, while on the west facade, there has been an increase of 64.28% in comfort hours. In addition, a total of 977.50 kg of CO2 has been absorbed, resulting in 722.50 kg of purified air. In conclusion, green walls have proven to be a viable solution to the problems faced in urban cities, helping to mitigate the internal temperature of indoor spaces.

The purpose of this research is to propose an architectural design for an Interpretation Center aimed at the revaluation of the flora and fauna of Cusco, Peru, in 2023. Due to the lack of awareness spaces, deforestation, water pollution, and the planting of introduced species in the area, there is a loss of endemic flora and fauna. The methodologies used in this study included climatic analysis of the location, characterization of the flora and fauna, and the application of bioclimatic design strategies supported by the use of software (AutoCAD, Revit, and 3D Sun-path). Additionally, urban design strategies were employed based on the Inca worldview and the Sustainable Development Goals. The feasibility of implementing this urban and architectural proposal was compared with other projects such as the Sydney Water Restoration Project and the Ataria Nature Interpretation Center. As a result, an ecological network was designed for the preservation of endemic species. The project also includes green spaces, which account for 51% of the total area. These green spaces will facilitate carbon dioxide absorption and contribute to the revaluation of the Huantanay River and the creation of microclimates in the area.

Environmental protection is a continuous challenge that requires innovating the combustion process of boilers that emit polluting gases. This research proposes a novel pyroacuotubular (mixed) boiler design that reduces the emission of combustion gases by hot water and steam. The applied methodology considers the dimensioning-construction, modification, and analytical calculation of water volume, metallic masses, heat for hot water and steam generation, and combustion gases. The Ganapaty method of heat transfer is applied to prioritize the velocity of gas displacement, the pressure drop along the pipe, and its application on surfaces. In the parallel generation of hot water and steam, a mass of CO2 (1782.72 kg/h) and CO (5.48 kg/h) was obtained; these masses were compared with the results of the proposed design, obtaining a reduction in the mass of gases emitted to the environment in hot water CO2 (44.35%) and CO (44.27%); steam CO2 (55.65%) and CO (55.66%). A significant reduction was achieved in the simultaneous generation of hot water and steam compared to the individual generation, which shows that the simultaneous generation of the pyroacuotubular (mixed) boiler reduces the emission of combustion gases.

As the world keeps advancing, the need for automated interconnected devices has started to gain significance; to cater to the condition, a new concept Internet of Things (IoT) has been introduced that revolves around smart devicesʼ conception. These smart devices using IoT can communicate with each other through a network to attain particular objectives, i.e., automation and intelligent decision making. IoT has enabled the users to divide their household burden with machines as these complex machines look after the environment variables and control their behavior accordingly. As evident, these machines use sensors to collect vital information, which is then the complexity analyzed at a computational node that then smartly controls these devicesʼ operational behaviors. Deep learning-based guessing attack protection algorithms have been enhancing IoT security; however, it still has a critical challenge for the complex industries’ IoT networks. One of the crucial aspects of such systems is the need to have a significant training time for processing a large dataset from the networkʼs previous flow of data. Traditional deep learning approaches include decision trees, logistic regression, and support vector machines. However, it is essential to note that this convenience comes with a price that involves security vulnerabilities as IoT networks are prone to be interfered with by hackers who can access the sensor/communication data and later utilize it for malicious purposes. This paper presents the experimental study of cryptographic algorithms to classify the types of encryption algorithms into the asymmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithm. It presents a deep analysis of AES, DES, 3DES, RSA, and Blowfish based on timing complexity, size, encryption, and decryption performances. It has been assessed in terms of the guessing attack in real-time deep learning complex IoT applications. The assessment has been done using the simulation approach and it has been tested the speed of encryption and decryption of the selected encryption algorithms. For each encryption and decryption, the tests executed the same encryption using the same plaintext for five separate times, and the average time is compared. The key size used for each encryption algorithm is the maximum bytes the cipher can allow. To the comparison, the average time required to compute the algorithm by the three devices is used. For the experimental test, a set of plaintexts is used in the simulation—password-sized text and paragraph-sized text—that achieves target fair results compared to the existing algorithms in real-time deep learning networks for IoT applications.

The research aims to design and construct a new mixed vertical boiler (fire tube – water tube) with three gas passes. The strength of this technological innovation is in the best use of the thermic transmission receiving fluid (hot water, steam, thermal oil), this due to its multipurpose function of three steps using alternative fuels (Diesel, Liquid Petroleum Gas LPG, natural gas), by improving the thermal efficiency of the boiler its temperature is reduced with gases at low temperatures, which in turn also reduce environmental pollution. The methodology focuses on calculating the transfer area with the calculation method that will allow dimensioning the boiler, considering the calculation of losses and the fluid speed, with two defined procedures, the first for fire tube and water tube boilers. And another alternative. The results obtained allowed optimizing the thermal efficiency level, achieving very significant thermal efficiency results: With LPG 92.4% for hot water and 92.42% to generate steam in the same way with natural gas 90.25% for hot water and 90.24% to generate steam as well with Diesel 2; 89.21% for hot water and 89.31% to generate steam.

This study examined the relationship between poverty and mental health disorders, specifically anxiety, personality, and depression, in 2,399 adults aged 30–59 treated at the Community Mental Health Center ‘Sarita Colonia’ in Callao between 2017 and 2022. Using a positivist paradigm, the research adopted a non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach and documentary analysis. Results showed no statistically significant association between poverty and mental health disorders (p = .052; F = 2.640; R² = .054). However, ANOVA indicated that poverty might be predicted by anxiety (p = .020; F = 3.378) and depression (p = .026; F = 3.177), but not personality disorders (p = .399; F = .992). The findings highlight the bidirectional relationship between mental health and poverty while challenging the notion that monetary poverty alone predicts mental disorders. This underscores the limitations of relying solely on economic metrics and advocates for the use of multidimensional poverty indicators. Such approaches could provide deeper insights into the complex interplay between mental health and deprivation. These results inform the development of more targeted mental health interventions and public policies, emphasizing the need for comprehensive poverty measures to enhance the effectiveness of strategies addressing mental health disparities.

Water availability and quality are still challenges around the world, but access to safe drinking water is essential for human development. This study analyzed the chemical parameters of drinking water quality in the Santa Cruz de la Sierra region of Bolivia. Residual chlorine, pH and concentration of dissolved solids were measured in water supplied by drinking water and basic sanitation service providers (EPSA). The water quality results indicated that the water supplied met the requirements established by the Bolivian Standard NB 512 in terms of residual chlorine, pH and concentration of dissolved solids. However, a decrease in residual chlorine concentration was observed as the water moved away from the disinfection point. Microbiological testing is recommended to ensure the absence of viable organisms in the distributed water. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of chlorination, as the only treatment performed in the study area, the pH and the concentration of dissolved solids as indicators of drinking water quality. Automation of chlorination processes and continuous monitoring of these parameters is suggested to ensure a safe and high-quality water supply in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]