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Purpose: Strabismus surgery aims to improve binocular vision, reduce diplopia, and enhance cosmesis. Adjustable strabismus procedures have been developed as a means of tackling unpredictability in some post-operative results. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of adjustable and non-adjustable squint procedures in the treatment of strabismus. Methods: We analyzed adjustable or non-adjustable squint surgery undergone in our Irish locality by retrospectively studying 27 consecutive patients at Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin. Results: There was no significant difference ( p = 0.519) in the mean post-operative horizontal deviation between the adjustable group (mean = 11.6 PD) and the non-adjustable group (mean = 15.3 PD). We found that adjustable procedures resulted in a trend ( p = 0.050) towards a greater mean horizontal effect per muscle (18.9 PD per muscle) than non-adjustable procedures (mean 9.7 PD). We went on to analyze the adjustable group in order to determine the impact on outcome in those patients in whom their adjustable sutures were manipulated postoperatively. Of the 11 patients who underwent adjustable procedures, 6 subsequently had adjustments made as planned and 5 did not require adjustment. Those patients who had their sutures adjusted demonstrated a smaller mean post-operative deviation (8.5 PD) than those patients in whom their suture was not adjusted (mean = 16.3 PD). Conclusion: Our study displays a trend that adjustable procedures are more effective in terms of the mean horizontal effect per muscle operated, and is a novel way of reporting effectiveness of strabismus procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the need to knock-and-talks which should reviewed with reasonable suspicion standard for stop-and-frisks of the law enforcement officials to subvert the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement with the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case Terry v. Ohio.

Introduction: The outer nuclear layer (ONL) contains mostly photoreceptor bodies and reduced post-operative ONL thickness (ONLT) is associated with poor visual outcome in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Methods: Spectral domain ocular coherence tomography was recorded before and 6 weeks following RRD repair in 27 consecutive patients. Results: The repair consisted of combined 20-guage pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and encirclement in 66.7% of cases, 22.2% underwent PPV alone and 11.1% scleral buckle alone. The mean (± standard deviation) ONLT was reduced in detached retinae (94.1 ± 31.1 microns) compared to the unaffected eye (119.5 ± 26.8 microns). Postoperatively the ONLT increased to 103.3 (± 32.8) microns. ONLT at presentation in the affected eye is significantly and positively correlated with the final ONLT in the affected eye (Pearson’s correlation:r = 0.80,p = 0.029). Conclusion: The finding that ONLT is reduced in detached retinae carries implications for visual prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To evaluate the relative frequency of use of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) following the introduction of optical coherence tomography (OCT) at a tertiary university ophthalmology practice. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the demand for and indications of all requests for FFA or OCT during the five years from 2007 to 2011, inclusively, at our tertiary care university hospital department of ophthalmology. Results. In January 2007, out of 194 total imaging studies requested and performed, there were 85 OCTs (43.8% of total imaging studies) and 109 FFAs (56.2%). By January 2011, out of 172 total imaging studies requested and performed, there were 127 OCT cases (73.8%) and 45 FFA cases (26.2%). FFAs for macular degeneration and diabetic maculopathy accounted for 54.3% of all imaging in 2007, but five years later had fallen to just 22%. Conclusions. A decrease in the number of FFAs requested and performed was associated an increase in number of OCTs, over the five year period. While this pattern was observed in a single relatively small tertiary care setting, this study may be the first report in the peer-reviewed medical literature of this trend. The relative safety profile and convenience of OCT as compared to FFA may be a primary factor in this shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify challenges inherent in introducing a toric intraocular lens (IOL) to a non-refractive cataract practice, and evaluate residual astigmatism achieved and its impact on patient satisfaction., Methods: Following introduction of a toric IOL to a cataract practice with all procedures undertaken by a single, non-refractive, surgeon (SB), pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative data was analysed. Attenuation of anticipated post-operative astigmatism was examined, and subjectively perceived visual functioning was assessed using validated questionnaires., Results: Median difference vector (DV, the induced astigmatic change [by magnitude and axis] that would enable the initial surgery to achieve intended target) was 0.93D; median anticipated DV with a non-toric IOL was 2.38D. One eye exhibited 0.75D residual astigmatism, compared to 3.8D anticipated residual astigmatism with a non-toric IOL. 100% of respondents reported satisfaction of ≥ 6/10, with 37.84% of respondents entirely satisfied (10/10). 17 patients (38.63%) reported no symptoms of dysphotopsia (dysphoptosia score 0/10), only 3 respondents (6.8%) reported a clinically meaningful level of dysphotopsia (≥ 4/10). Mean post-operative NEI VF-11 score was 0.54 (+/-0.83; scale 0 - 4)., Conclusion: Use of a toric IOL to manage astigmatism during cataract surgery results in less post-operative astigmatism than a non-toric IOL, resulting in avoidance of unacceptable post-operative astigmatism., Competing Interests: Statement All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.