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PURPOSE To compare the endothelial quality of corneas obtained from pseudophakic donors with age-matched phakic controls. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 100 corneas each from pseudophakic and phakic eyes with donor age ≥60 years in both the groups was performed. The endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, and percentage of hexagonal cells obtained by specular microscopy were compared between the two groups. The cut-off level of endothelial cell density (ECD) taken for optical keratoplasty was 2,000 cells/mm2. RESULTS The male and female donors constituted 60% (n=120) and 40% (n=80), respectively. The mean age of the donors was 66.9±7.3 years in the phakic group and 69.9±7.7 years in pseudophakic group. The mean ECD in the phakic group was 2757.6±328.5 cells/mm2 and that in the pseudophakic group was 2225.5±471.9 cells/mm2 (P

Background: The ongoing demographic changes in Poland affect the number of donors and donations with direct impact on provision of blood and blood components for transfusion. With predicted population-decline, the number of potential donors is likely to decrease while the demand for blood is bound to increase as more people will require blood therapy. The structure of the Polish donor population reporting for blood donation is not uniform, moreover it has undergone additional changes within the study period. So it seems justified to perform in-depth analysis of the dynamics of changes in the number and structure of donor group as well as determine the direction and intensity of these changes in spatial and temporal terms. Identification of the possible causes of change is also important. Aim: presentation of the structure characteristics of the donor group who reported at the Polish regional blood transfusion centers (RBTCs) in the period 2005–2017 with the intention of donating blood/ blood components. Materials and methods: Analyses of available data-sets — annual reports from 21 Polish RBTCs forwarded to the IHTM. The following tools were used for statistical analysis: Microsoft Office: Access and Excel, Microsoft Power Business Intelligence (Power BI) software and STATISTICA version 13.3 software (TIBCO Software Inc.). Results: In 2005–2017 the total number of donors amounted to 8 691 611 including 2 542 621 (29.3%) women and 6 148 990 (70.7%) men. Voluntary non-remunerated donors were estimated at 8 684 069 (99.9%). The average annual number of donors per RBTC was 31 837 and included 31 809 voluntary non-remunerated donors; 22 524 men and 9314 women. Countrywide, the highest number was reported for the period 2011–2013; 701 882 (8.08%), 707 578 (8.14%) and 706 246 (8.13%) for respective years and for the period 2015–2016 the numbers were 718 887 (8.27%) and 706 476 (8.13%) respectively. The highest number for the period was reported by 5 RBTCs: Warsaw (951 068 — 10.94%), Katowice (748 841; 8.62%), Poznan (702 087; 8.08%), Krakow (651 057; 7.49%) and Wroclaw (556 357; 6.40%). In the number of 2 352 099 donors who have recently reported for blood donation at the RBTCs the 25–44 age group was the largest (48%). The least numerous was the 45–65 age group — 548 885 (ca. 11%). There were 2 030 692 donors in the 18–24 age category ( > 41% of the total donor-population).Trend-analysis demonstrated an upward tendency for the category of 25–44 age donors and a downward one for the 18–24 age category. No explicit trend was observed for the 45–65 age group. Conclusion: The number of blood donations in Poland has recently reached the limit of approximately 1 200 000 donations per year. To exceed this limit will be no easy task. All efforts must therefore be focused on promoting people’s willingness to donate blood. The analysis indicates a falling tendency for the 18–24 age group and a rising one for higher age groups, which only raises concern for the future. The priority is therefore to motivate people of all agegroups to donate blood and become multiple donors with special emphasis however on the very young people as they are the potential source for many years to come. Promotion of voluntary non-remunerated blood-donation among children is equally important; in several years’ time transfusion medicine will depend on their willingness to donate blood.

N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become immensely successful ligands in coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis due to their strong terminal σ‐donor properties. However, by targeting NHC ligands with additional functionalisation, a new area of NHC coordination chemistry has developed that has enabled NHCs to be used to build up bimetallic and multimetallic architectures. This minireview covers the development of functionalised NHC ligands that incorporate additional donor sites in order to coordinate two or more metal atoms. This can be through the N‐atom of the NHC ring, through a donor group attached to the N‐atom or the carbon backbone, coordination of the π‐bond or an annulated π‐donor on the backbone, or through direct metalation of the backbone., Bimetallic carbene complexes: This minireview covers the use of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in the formation of bimetallic architectures. NHCs are shown to bind one metal through the conventional C2 position and coordinate to another through donor atoms tethered to the NHC, through the N atom itself or through the NHC backbone. These bimetallic species are potentially useful models for decomposition reactions in homogeneous catalysis and organometallic chemistry.

Various types of organic dyes were synthesized to enhance efficiency over past years. Understanding structure-property relationships is a significant issue to develop novel dye for high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this work, three novel dyes (JY40-1–JY42-1) with ullazine as donor were designed based on the dye sensitizers JY40, JY41 and JY42, and their geometrical structures, absorption spectra as well as optical properties were theoretically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Compared with original dyes, JY40-1–JY42-1 will exhibit better J SC due to higher light harvesting efficiency (LHE), regeneration driving force ( Δ G inject ), stronger and broader absorption spectra, superior ICT properties, and lower the driving force of regeneration ( Δ G reg ) as well as reorganization energy ( λ total ). According to the analysis of interfacial interaction between the dye and electrolyte, JY40-1–JY42-1 have lower electron recombination rate, which further increase V OC . Hence, ullazine group as electron donor can effectively enhance efficiency of DSSCs according to the above analysis. In addition, JY42 exhibits a better balance in various important properties among three original dyes, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. This work provide a guidance for molecular engineering and screen high-efficiency sensitizers for DSSCs.

Here, we report the synthesis of two isomeric BODIPY-based fluorescent molecules with a diethylamino donor group and an acetyl acceptor group at positions 5 and 2 (or 3), respectively, on the boron dipyrromethene core. The structure of the new BODIPY dyes is similar to Prodan, probably the most widely used solvatochromic probe, but with the donor and acceptor groups attached to an electron-poor heteroaromatic core. Interestingly, these BODIPY dyes exhibit unusual spectroscopic and photophysical properties, involving inverse solvatochromic behavior. An in-depth study of the solvent effects and quantum-chemical calculations have been performed to assess the basis for such spectroscopic properties and the effect of the position of the substitution. This work points towards a rational design of new fluorescent probes, based on understanding their spectroscopic and photophysical behavior.

The syntheses and characterization of a new tetra-pyrazole macrocycle with two long flexible lateral arms bearing a donor group is described. The complexing properties of this compound towords alkaline metal ions (Li+, Na+, and K+) were evaluated using the liquid–liquid extraction process. The percentage value of extraction were determined by atomic absorption measurements. The obtained results show that the affinity of the reported macrocycle to extract K+, is improved by increasing the functionalized lateral arm length.

This study aimed to evaluate the possibility to extend the storage of unused organ-cultured donor corneas. After 28 days of corneal culture in TISSUE-C (AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Italy) and 5-day storage in transport/deswelling medium CARRY-C (AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Italy), 25 corneas that were deemed suitable for transplantation were transferred in fresh TISSUE-C at 31 °C for additional 7 days and then in fresh CARRY-C at room temperature for 24 h. Tissues were assessed for endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial mortality and morphology after the standard and the extended corneal storage. In addition, the effect of donor age

The bulky triarylamine group commonly referred to as the "Hagfeldt donor" is a key building block found in many of the organic dyes used in dye-sensitized applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). This building block has gained popularity owing to its presence in many of the best-performing DSC devices reported to date, which use dyes containing this donor group. The Hagfeldt donor provides a desirable 3-dimensional structure that aids in surface protection of electrons injected into the semiconductor from oxidants in the electrolyte, allowing for record-setting cobalt- and copper-based redox shuttles to be utilized more frequently. However, the synthesis of this molecule has proven unreliable for many routes. This study concerns a novel, reliable and scalable five-step synthesis of the Hagfeldt donor.

A series of Pd complexes bearing modified tetradentate pyridinophane ligands RN3CH, containing a C-donor phenyl group, were isolated and characterized. The (RN3CH)PdII(OAc)2 complexes contain a Cip...

With perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) now reaching efficiencies of greater than 20 %, the stability of PSC devices has become a critical challenge for commercialization. However, most efficient hole-transporting materials (HTMs) thus far still rely on the state-of-the-art methoxy triphenylamine (MOTPA) donor unit in which methoxy groups usually reduce the device stability. Herein, a carbazole-fluorene hybrid has been employed as a methoxy-free donor to construct organic HTMs. The indeno[1,2-b]carbazole group not only inherits the characteristics of carbazole and fluorene, but also exhibits additional advantages arising from the bulky planar structure. Consequently, M129, endowed with indeno[1,2-b]carbazole simultaneously exhibits a promising efficiency of over 20 % and superior long-term stability. The hybrid strategy toward the methoxy-free donor opens a new avenue for developing efficient and stable HTMs.

The synthesis and crystal structures of 1,3-diethyl-5-{(2E,4E)-6-[(E)-1,3,3-tri­methyl­indolin-2-yl­idene]hexa-2,4-dien-1-yl­idene}pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione or TMI, C25H29N3O3, and 1,3-diethyl-2-sulfanyl­idene-5-[2-(1,3,3-tri­methyl­indolin-2-yl­idene)ethyl­idene]di­hydro­pyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione or DTB, C21H25N3O2S, are described. These compounds contain the same indole derivative donor group and differ in their acceptor groups (in TMI it contains oxygen in the para position, and in DTB sulfur) and the length of the π-bridge., Two compounds, 1,3-diethyl-5-{(2E,4E)-6-[(E)-1,3,3-tri­methyl­indolin-2-yl­idene]hexa-2,4-dien-1-yl­idene}pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione or TMI, C25H29N3O3, and 1,3-diethyl-2-sulfanyl­idene-5-[2-(1,3,3-tri­methyl­indolin-2-yl­idene)ethyl­idene]di­hydro­pyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione or DTB, C21H25N3O2S, have been crystallized and studied. These compounds contain the same indole derivative donor group and differ in their acceptor groups (in TMI it contains oxygen in the para position, and in DTB sulfur) and the length of the π-bridge. In both materials, mol­ecules are packed in a herringbone manner with differences in the twist and fold angles. In both structures, the mol­ecules are connected by weak C—H⋯O and/or C—H⋯S bonds.

Heart transplantation from с ard ю pulmonary resuscitated (CPR) donors is one of the way to increase the availability of heart transplantation (HT). The study included 28 recipients: 25 (89,3%) men and 3 (10,7%) women at the age 20-68 (46,2 ± 13,7) who underwent HT from CPR donors in the V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs in the period from 01.01.2011 to 31.12.2017, that was 4.0% of the total number of HT (n = 698). CPR donor group and control group had no significantly differences in early cardiac transplant dysfunction and 1-, 3- and 5-year survival.

Background: Muscle injuries are common and may be associated with impaired functional capacity, especially among athletes. Ordinary lines of treatment result in improper healing of the damaged tissue with prolonged time for recovery, so it was essential to try new lines of treatment for these injuries to get advantageous effect on the healing process. One of these new treatments is platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which is used to improve healing of many lesions such as skin and sports injury. Aim of the work: This work was carried out to evaluate the role of platelet rich plasma in healing of experimentally induced skeletal muscle injury in adult male albino rat. Materials and methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided Into: Group I: donor group to obtain PRP from their peripheral blood and muscle specimens from their gasterocnemius muscle. Group II: was exposed to bilateral gastrocnemius muscles injury and was left without treatment. Group III: Bilateral gastrocnemius muscles were injured and immediately treated locally with PRP intramuscularly. Muscle specimens were excised after 1, 7and 21 days from the onset of injury and were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Results: PRP treated group demonstrated early formation of many myotubes starting from the 7th day after injury onwards in association with ultrastructural features of activated satellite cells together with restoration of normal histological features of muscle fibers. Conclusion: local injection of PRP into the injured gastrocnemius muscle resulted in early activation, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells resulting in earlier and enhanced myogenesis.

Four novel dyes featuring new semi-rigid triphenylamine donor groups have been synthesized and successfully employed as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Opting for the new semi-rigid triphenylamine (tPA) electron-donating unit yielded a better Voc and Jsc resulting to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) which is 16% higher compared to a reference dye whose electron-donating group is a conventional tPA unit. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations revealed the more favorable charge-transport properties of the dye based on the new semi-rigid donor unit. Among the synthesized dyes, the DSSC device based on Dhkx-4 dye in conjunction with iodine-based electrolyte achieved a PCE of 6.23%, with Voc of 0.661 V, Jsc of 13.31 mAcm−2, and FF of 0.71 under simulated AM 1.5 G condition. Therefore, the novel semi-rigid tPA donor unit presented in this work is a promising donor group for a sensitizer in DSSCs and systematic structural engineering of the presented designs could offer valuable contributions for the development of the photovoltaic devices.

The directed C–H activation at the C8 position of N-donor tethered theophylline with iridium(III) and rhodium(III) is presented. The donor strength of the N-tethered donor group has been varied. Proligands bearing a strongly donating imidazolin-2-ylidene or the weaker donating pyridine group were both metalated under similar conditions, suggesting that the electron density at the metal center does not play a significant role in the C–H activation step, which was concluded to proceed via a carboxylate-assisted route. The synthesis and characterization of iridium(III) and rhodium(III) complexes bearing chelating CNHC^Cazolato ligands (M = Ir: [4], M = Rh: [5]) and Npyridine^Cazolato ligands (M = Ir: [7], M = Rh: [8]) are reported. In addition, the NHC complexes which are the precursors to the CNHC^Cazolato complexes (M = Ir: [2], M = Rh: [3]) were isolated and characterized.

Prey are under immense pressure to make context-specific, behavioural decisions. Prey use public information to reduce the costs associated with making inappropriate decisions. Chemical cues are commonly used by aquatic vertebrates to assess local threats and facilitate behavioural decision making. Previous studies on chemosensory assessment of risk have largely focused on damage-released alarm cues, with the cues released by disturbed or stressed prey (i.e., disturbance cues) receiving less attention. Disturbance cues are “early-warning signals” common among aquatic vertebrates that may warn conspecific and heterospecific prey guild members of potential risk. Initially, we conducted a series of laboratory studies to determine (i) if guppies (Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859) produce and respond to disturbance cues and (ii) if relative concentration (donor group size) determines response intensity. Secondly, we examined if guppies and convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Günther, 1867)) show similar response patterns to their own vs. heterospecific disturbance cues. Our results suggest that guppies exhibit increased predator avoidance behaviour to conspecific disturbance cues (relative to water from undisturbed conspecifics) and increased donor group size lead to stronger antipredator responses. However, although guppies and cichlids respond to each other’s disturbance cues, we found no effect of donor group size towards heterospecific disturbance cues. Our results suggest that disturbance cues are not generalized cues and present a degree of species-specificity.

1-Dimethylthiocarbamoyloxy-3-diphenylphosphinobenzene was used as a key precursor for the synthesis of a whole series of organophosphorus(V) pincer ligands combining thiocarbamate donor group with ...

A series of bifunctional phase-transfer catalysts with a quaternary onium center and a hydrogen-bonding donor group were prepared for the fixation of CO2 with commercially available epoxides under mild conditions by using a CO2 balloon (1 atm). In the presence of 2.5 mol% of achiral bifunctional phase-transfer catalysts, cyclic carbonates were obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 95%). Additionally, optical carbonates and epoxides were obtained through the kinetic resolution of rac-epoxides by 1 mol% of chiral bifunctional phase-transfer catalysts with low enantioselectivities. These catalysts featured a simple synthetic route, good modularity and high efficiency.

Platelet transfusions are often administered in dengue illness complicated by thrombocytopenia-related bleeding. However, whether this practice results in an improvement of clot strength is not clear. This study assessed the impact of platelet transfusion on the control of bleeding and improvement in clot strength as assessed by thromboelastography among 74 patients with dengue. The effect of either weight-based random donor platelets or 1 unit of single donor aphaeresis units was studied. Transfusion of weight-based random donor platelets resulted in a mean platelet count increase of 10,210 cells per mm3 at 24 h from pretransfusion values, which reached marginal statistical significance (p = 0.031). Patients who received single donor platelets achieved a mean platelet increment of 22,874 cells per mm3 at 24 h, and the difference observed had a high statistical significance (p < 0.001). However, no significant improvement in clot strength was observed in thromboelastography. The mean increment in maximum amplitude value at 24 h was only 2 mm in the random donor platelet group and 5 mm in the single donor group, both of which did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, the majority of patients had ongoing bleeding despite the administration of platelets. This study observed that platelet transfusion in dengue patients with bleeding complication improved the absolute platelet count with no improvement in clot strength.

Older patients (aged 60 years or more) awaiting heart transplant often have comorbidities that may limit overall survival independent of cardiac status. We hypothesized that these comorbidities have a more-limiting impact on survival than age of donor heart and that older allografts might be utilized in these patients without compromising outcomes.We identified all transplant recipients aged more than 60 years in the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Local regression analysis detected the point above which increasing donor age incurred increasing risk of mortality, above and below which two cohorts were defined. Kaplan-Meier analysis compared cumulative 5-year survival between groups. Cox proportional hazard modeling was then used to determine the hazards of death in the two groups.An inflection point in posttransplant survival was detected near donor age 50 years. Of 14,113 older recipients studied, 86% received younger donor hearts (less than 50 years of age), and 14% received advanced age allografts (50 years of age or more). Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups except more recipients had left ventricular assist devices at time of transplant in the younger donor group (15% versus 9%, p 0.001). Five-year survival was significantly lower among recipients receiving advanced age hearts compared with those receiving younger hearts (67% versus 73%, log rank p0.001). Adjusting for relevant recipient baseline characteristics, patients receiving advanced age hearts were 30% more likely to die by 5 years compared with patients receiving younger hearts.Transplant recipients aged 60 years and more who receive advanced age donor hearts (50 years or more) have a significantly increased risk of mortality. With careful allograft selection, use of donor hearts to age 50 may be acceptable among older transplant recipients.

Bis[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]carbazole-capped indacenodithiophenes (IDTs) have been constructed as hole transport materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Two IDT-based HTMs, one with 3,6-bis[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]carbazole (YK1) and another with 2,7-bis[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]carbazole (YK2), show different performances in PSCs. The PSC device based on YK1 displays a very impressive PCE of 20.13% under AM1.5G solar illumination, which is much higher than those of the devices based on YK2 (17.35%) and Spiro-OMeTAD (19.01%) under the same working conditions. This is mainly because YK1 has more effective intermolecular π–π stacking, a lower-lying HOMO level and higher hole-mobility than YK2 and Spiro-OMeTAD. Furthermore, the YK1-based PSC exhibits excellent long-term stability retaining 94% of the initial PCE value after a 600 h lifetime without encapsulation owing to its better film morphology and hydrophobicity. These findings would shed light on the crucial importance of molecular engineering and allow its extension into general principles for the design of new HTMs for highly efficient and stable PSCs.

This experiment examined whether the transfer of DNA or RNA from conditioned planaria could make the recipients more susceptible to similar conditioning. It has been shown in prior experiments that cephalization is not necessary for memory retention in planaria, so there must be another, non-neural mechanism for memory. Thus, changes in DNA or RNA may be responsible for memory retention, and introducing these changes to naive planaria could transfer the "memory" of the conditioned donor. This study included 3 groups of 11 planaria: the control group, the DNA receival group, and the RNA receival group. After the control group was conditioned, each planarian’s RNA and DNA were extracted and given to its genetically identical counterparts in the DNA and RNA receival groups. The number of trials it took to condition the planaria in each group was measured and compared to see if the transfer of RNA or DNA made the recipients more easily conditionable than the control donor group. The results show that the transfer of RNA and DNA made insignificant changes to the conditionability of recipients. However, further research may be able to identify the location of memory bearing molecules, which, if applied to experiments similar to this one, would ensure that the planaria received a high enough concentration of genetic material for any changes present to make a significant effect.

Heavy-atom-free triplet photosensitizers (TPs) have attracted much interest due to the applications in triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) and photodynamic therapy. Recently, several nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) derivatives have been reported to generate singlet oxygens. However, the mechanistic understanding of the intersystem crossing (ISC) process has not been studied, resulting in a lack of rational design strategies for creating effective TPs. Based on DFT and TD-DFT calculations, we found that the replacement of donor group (methylamino → methoxyl) and the heteroatom (oxadiazole → triazole) could induce a significant change in the nature of triplet excited states in comparison to that of the single excited states, and thus enable substantial spin-orbital couplings for efficient triplet conversions. We expect that modifying the electronic properties of the triplet excited states through donor/heteroatom substitution is a promising method for creating heavy-atom-free TPs in many chemical families of fluorophores.

Background The data that exists regarding multiorgan procurement outcomes is conflicted. Given the increasing demand for pulmonary allografts, it is critical to assess the impact of dual procurement on lung transplant recipient outcomes. Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing transplant registry was queried for all first-time adult (age ≥18) lung transplant recipients between 2006 and 2018 and stratified by concurrent heart donor status. Multiorgan transplant recipients and recipients with missing survival time were excluded. Donors were excluded if they were donating after circulatory death, did not consent or were not approached for heart donation, the heart was recovered for nontransplant purposes, or the heart was recovered for transplant but not transplanted. Post-transplant survival was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results A total of 18,641 recipients met inclusion criteria, including 6230 (33.4%) in the nonheart donor group (NHD) and 12,409 (66.6%) in the heart donor group (HD). HD recipients demonstrated longer survival at 10 years posttransplant, with a median survival of 6.5 years as compared with 5.9 years in NHD recipients. On adjusted analysis, HD and NHD recipients demonstrated comparable survival (AHR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-1.01). Conclusions Concomitant heart and lung procurement was not associated with worse survival. This finding encourages maximizing the number of organs procured from each donor, particularly in the setting of urgency-driven thoracic transplantation.

The examination of strangulation is one of the most challenging causes of death diagnoses encountered in forensic pathology. The injuries are often subtle and difficult to detect, especially in cases that lack superficial marks. Fractures of the laryngeal skeleton are commonly regarded as evidence of strangulation but these can be too subtle to be detected during autopsy. Micro-CT is a novel imaging technique that achieves a spatial resolution 1 μm or less which lends itself to the examination of small and delicate structures such as the larynx. However, there is little information to date regarding the appearance of the larynx at this scale, thus complicating the interpretation of the micro-CT images. This study therefore uses micro-CT to examine ten larynges from strangulation deaths and to compare them to nineteen samples from donor individuals in order to distinguish between naturally occurring features and actual trauma. It was found that there are several features which mimic damage in the donor group. Using associated case information, initial trends and patterns of different strangulation methods were established.

Hepatitis B virus is a widespread public health menace approximated to have infected 257 million people chronically by 2015. Data on the prevalence of HBV is important in formulating public health policies on HBV control like safe blood transfusion. Adolescents aged 15 to 24 years, known to engage in risky activities associated with HBV spread, constitute major blood donors in Kenya. Notwithstanding current blood donation safety measures, HBV still remain hazardous transfusion-transmissible infections in donated blood. This study therefore was to determine the prevalence of HBsAg and related risk factors among this donor group. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to August 2019 in Siaya, Kisumu, and Homa Bay counties. One thousand (1000) voluntary blood donors 18 to 25 years old were recruited. A predonation questionnaire was used to record their sociodemographic features and prior risk exposures. Blood samples were initially tested for HBsAg using Murex HBsAg Version 3 (DiaSorin, UK) and positives confirmed using ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative Confirmatory assay (Abbott Ireland) as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A result was considered positive if the first and confirmatory tests were all reactive. Generally, the prevalence of HBV was 3.4%, with no significant association between various sociodemographic variables and HBsAg positivity. Nevertheless, scarification and risky sexual behavior were significantly linked to HBV infections (odds ratio OR=8.533, 95%confidence interval CI=3.128‐23.275, p value of 0.001 and OR=5.471, 95%CI=1.925‐15.547, p value of 0.002, respectively). This study revealed a prevalence of 3.4% HBsAg among adolescent blood donors, with perilous sexual behaviors being the most significant risk factor, evidence that sexual contact still plays a major role in transmission of HBV among this donor group despite blood transfusion safety measures put in place. These study findings should therefore be put into consideration while framing health policies to mitigate effects of HBV infection on safe blood transfusion.

Although infant organ donors remain a rare source of organs for transplantation, technical challenges have resulted in increased rates of complications and inferior graft function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the outcomes of kidneys procured from juvenile and infant donors.We evaluated all kidney transplants from deceased donors 16 years of age performed at our center between 01/2008 and 08/2019. We defined three groups based on quartiles of donor body weight:13 kg (infant donors), 13-40 kg (juvenile donors), and 40 kg (standard criteria donors). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups.Ninety-two transplants were included in this study. Out of 92 recipients, there were 32 (34.8%) adult and 60 (65.2%) pediatric patients. All groups demonstrated excellent graft function and survival on both short and long-term follow-up. 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year graft survival rates for the standard criteria donor group were 100%, 95.2%, and 88.4%, respectively, compared with 95.8% for infant and 95% for juvenile donors at all times (P = .79). eGFR at 5 years was 98.9 ± 5.5, 74.1 ± 6.2, and 81.6 ± 6.9 mL/min/1.73 mInfant donor allografts can be transplanted with excellent long-term outcomes in both pediatric and adult recipients. Implanting them as single allografts onto pediatric candidates allows for the transplantation of two patients. As such, pediatric recipients should be prioritized for these donor organs.

Multiple investigations have documented the health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) and donation-related experiences of unrelated donors (URDs), but similar investigations of the related donor (RD) experience have been less common. The central goal of this study was to longitudinally examine and compare HRQoL of RD and URD hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donors from predonation through 1 year postdonation. This prospective investigation included adult HSC donors ages 18 to 60 years who donated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells at one of 48 geographically diverse US transplant/donor centers and completed HRQoL interviews at predonation and 4 weeks and 1 year postdonation. At predonation, related donors were less ambivalent about donation (t = –3.30; P = .001), more satisfied with their decision to donate (t = 2.65; P = .009), and more likely to define themselves as donors (t = 2.94; P = .004) than were URDs. However, related donors were more concerned about the use of needles (odds ratio [OR] = 2.19; P = .012), about who would pay for the procedure (OR = 2.80; P = .011), and the possibility that they would feel responsible if the transplant failed (t = 2.31; P = .022). Shortly postdonation, related donors were more likely to report donation-related pain (t = 2.50; P = .013) and lightheadedness (OR = 3.63; P = .028). At 1 year postdonation, related donors were less likely to be fully recovered from donation (OR = 0.10; P = .010) and more likely to report a longer recovery period following donation (t = 2.57; P = .011), although this latter finding was primarily due to the percentage of related versus unrelated donors not fully recovered at 1 year postdonation (10% versus 1%). Taken together, these findings suggest that current related donor management practices may be sufficient in preparing related donors for the psychological aspects of donation but that there may be more to do in terms of calibrating the description of donation-related experiences and recovery time to the related donor group (i.e., descriptions of donation experiences based on unrelated donation may not provide best estimates of experience for this group).

DTE-BODIPY 2 and BTD-DTE 3 were designed for reversible light modulation of electron- and energy-transfer processes on TiO2, and showed almost complete ring closure. In BTD-DTE 3 the BTD is an acceptor group in the open form (OF), and an energy donor group in the closed form (CF), but this property is depending on the solvent. Quantum yields for ring closure decreased (BTD-DTE 3: factor 5; DTE-BODIPY 2: factor 12) compared to DTE 1, because of π-system elongation in OFs, and also cycloreversion quantum yields became smaller (BTD-DTE 3: factor 1.4; DTE-BODIPY 2: factor 2.2).

This paper reports new D-D-π-A dyes based on N-annulated perylene, emphasizing the enhanced dye-to-semiconductor charge-transfer mechanism. A series of DFT calculations for new tPA-perylene-based dyes was conducted, starting from the systematic selection of DFT methods by reproducing the experimentally obtained properties of known perylene-based sensitizers. Accordingly, using the LC-ωPBE xc functional with 6-31+G(d) basis set for the time-dependent calculations of the excitation energies, a damping parameter of ω = 0.150 Bohr–1 was found to be most appropriate for dyes having spatial orbital overlap value of 0.21 ≤ ΛHL ≤ 0.38, while ω = 0.175 Bohr–1 is suitable for analogues with 0.43 ≤ ΛHL ≤ 0.57. Moreover, the mPWHandHPW91/6-31G(d) method gave high accuracy in GSOP calculations. The comparison between the properties of tPA-based donor groups has revealed that the semirigid tPA-based D4 unit is an effective donor group for perylene-based dye. Initial screening of the acceptor designs resulted in PLz4 dy...

Background In recent years, several studies have shown that the age of the donor may be related to an increase in the occurrence of biliary complications (BCs), which remain the main cause of morbidity after liver transplantation. This study analyzed the type and management of these BCs, the impact of BCs on graft and patient survival rates, and the influence of some characteristics of donors and recipients on BC appearance in patients transplanted with donors 75 years of age or older. Patients and Methods From 2003 to 2016, 100 liver transplantations with donors 75 years of age or older (15.6%) were performed in our hospital. The data were compared with a control group of 400 patients with younger donors (case-control 1:4 per chronology). Results The BC rate in the group of patients transplanted with organs from elderly donors was 18%, compared to 21.5% in the control group. Specifically, in the immediate post-transplantation period, 14% of the elderly donor group and 13.8% of the control group presented some BCs, with no statistically significant differences in the incidence, type, and treatment of BCs between the two groups. The occurrence of BCs was not a factor associated with graft and patient survival rates. In the global population, donor death by cerebral vascular accident and male donors have influenced the occurrence of BCs. Conclusions The advanced age of the donor has not influenced BC rates after transplantation.

Introduction Donor safety has been the primary concern during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and therefore most centers keep the strict selection criteria for donor safety. Recently, conventional donor selection criteria have been modified to expand the donor pool in LDLT. Herein, we describe out center's experience for extended living donor criteria focusing on remnant liver volume (RLV) and graft steatosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 452 living donor right hepatectomy (LDRH) including 115 extended criteria donors who performed at our institution from January 2010 to June 2020. Extended donor was defined with criteria as follows: 1) old donor (age > 40 years) with RLV of < 35%; 2) young donor (age ≤ 40 years) with RLV < 29% and minimal fatty change (< 15%); 3) young donor with mild hepatosteatosis (15%-30%) and RLV of < 35%. The outcomes in extended living donors were compared with those in living donors under conventional criteria. Results Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) occurred in 48 donors (10.6%) and most cases were grade A except one case with conventional criteria. PHLF and major complications were not more frequent in extended donor group . In multivariate analysis, the only the event for major complications was associated with PHLF but neither extended criteria nor RLV ratio was related to PHLF. Conclusions LDRH under our extended criteria could be performed to expand donor pools without adverse effects on donor safety and could be performed safely in donors with RLV ratio < 30% under our strict criteria when no other donors are available.

This review gives an account of the coordination chemistry, metallo-supramolecular chemistry and application of mono- and oligopyridine-based macrocyclic ligands. For this purpose, recently reported ligands and their metal complexes possessing at least one pyridyl donor group in a cyclic structure as the metal binding site have been selected. The application and prospects of such compounds in different scientific areas have been delineated.

OBJECTIVE Potential interactions between donor-recipient age difference and outcomes after heart transplantation are not well known. We thus aimed to study the impact of donor-recipient age difference on heart transplantation outcomes. METHODS Between 1995 and 2017, we assessed 234 heart transplantation patients. Based on donor-recipient age difference histogram, we stratified these patients into three groups: older donors (donor-recipient difference > 0; n = 48), younger donors (donor-recipient difference 0 to -20 years; n = 82), and much younger donors (donor-recipient difference

Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is the best therapy for patients with chronic renal failure. Its advantages, compared with cadaveric transplantation, include the possibility of avoiding dialysis, the likelihood of best outcome, and donor pool expansion. Careful assessment of potential donors is important to minimize the risks and ensure success. However, the proportion of donors disqualified has been poorly investigated. The aim of this work is to describe our experience and present the main reasons for missed donation.This was a single-center, retrospective study of all potential donors and recipients evaluated for LDKT between January 2008 and December 2017.During the period of study, 81 donor-recipient pairs were evaluated. Of these, 45.7% were disqualified and 37 LDKTs were carried out. LDKT was the first choice in 68% of cases and preemptive in 20%; 60% of transplants were among family members. Sex distribution revealed a prevalence of females in the donor group (69%) and males in the recipient group (70%). The mean living donor age was 53 ± 9.5 years; the mean recipient age was lower in recipients listed in the living transplant program than those listed for cadaver transplantation (45.8 ± 13.4 vs 54.2 ± 11.08; P .0001). Reasons for denial included hypertension (18.9%), deceased donor transplant performed during the study period (16.2%), urologic pathology (13.5%), incompatibility (13.5%), withdrawal of consent by donor or recipient (13.5%), psychological unsuitability (8.1%), donor cancer (5.4%), and reduced renal clearance (2.7%).LDKT is considered an option especially for younger recipients. Of the potential kidney living donors, 45.7% were disqualified during the evaluation, with medical reasons being the primary cause.

In this contribution, α-cyanostilbene-based D-π-A-π-D type compounds consisting of different substituents on the amino donor group (e.g., fused, aryl/alkyl, and dialkyl) were designed, synthesized and their aggregation-induced emission was investigated thoroughly. The incorporation of these substituents furnished AIE features with tunable emission colors ranging from green-to-yellow-to-red. The compounds all showed a weak emission in THF; however, they showed an enhanced emission upon addition of water by forming emissive aggregates, which may arise from the restriction of twisted intramolecular charge transfer and E/Z isomerization. The DFT calculations revealed that the luminogens adopted distinctive conformations including a highly twisted one and a relatively coplanar one with the variation in the amino substituents.

The “Y” donor group (Y = −OMe, −SEt, −PPh2, −NH2, −NMe2, −Py, pyrrolidinyl, quinolyl) of the pincer-type ruthenium complexes RuHCl(CO)[κ3-YNP] has a dramatic influence on the catalytic activity in the dehydrogenative homocoupling and cross-coupling of ethanol and ester hydrogenation reactions. The observations are connected with the mechanisms of the catalytic reactions, and this paper provides evidence for ester C–O bond formation/cleavage assisted by the bifunctional catalysts in an outer-sphere fashion, reminiscent of the Tishchenko chemistry.

BACKGROUND Demographic information of blood donors is important to formulate strategies for recruitment and maintenance of the donor group. Factors like aging population, increasingly advanced medical treatments, and growing safety initiatives to protect donors and recipients of blood components are likely to affect the size of the donor group in the future. The purpose of this study was to determine the size of the donor group in Iceland and describe the demographic and donation characteristics. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The size of the Icelandic donor group was determined and the demographic and donation characteristics described, particularly of all newly registered and whole blood donors in the country from 2005 to 2013. RESULTS Overall the prevalence of whole blood donors per population decreased by 24.2% between 2005 and 2013 or by 3.4% per year. Females and males were almost equally represented as newly registered donors (44.7%/55.3%) but males were better represented as whole blood donors (26.7%/73.3%). Only 57.5% of newly registered donors in 2005 to 2006 returned to donate blood in the period 2005-2013. CONCLUSION In parallel with a period of decreased demand for red blood cells, the number of whole blood donors and donations declined in Iceland between 2005 and 2013 but still with adequate supply. A smaller retention among females than males gives the opportunity to focus on increasing the share of women among regular blood donors. Strategic work toward effective recruitment and retention of newly registered donors is needed to ensure a sufficiently large group of blood donors in Iceland in the near future.

Precursors to three new 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) incorportaing dyes have been synthesised via a one-pot C–H activation route using N,N-dimethylaniline as a donor group. We have extended this methodology to provide a convenient one-pot route to dye EDOT-Ph. The electrochemical and optical properties of the new dyes have been correlated with IV and EQE data for 1 cm2 dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices prepared using these dyes. The device data show that dye performance is strongly affected by the amount of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) co-sorbent used. The best performance is for EDOT-Ph (η = 4.0%) at 10 mM CDCA compared to (η = 6.0% and η = 5.8%) for N719 and D205 control cells.

We report on a new series “thiophene-free” organic dyes featured with 2,7-disubstituted carbazole as a π-linker for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Three different tert-butyl-capped N-arylamine has been introduced as donor group of this series of dyes (coded DH-13 to DH-15 ). These dyes have been systematically characterized and employed in DSSC devices, leading to the power conversion efficiencies of 5.06%, 4.38% and 1.75% for DH-13 , DH-14 and DH-15 , respectively. For a further modification of DH-13 , 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole has been inserted to construct a D-A-π-A structured dye ( DH-16 ) which achieves a power efficiency of 6.76% without coadsorbent that reached 89% of the reference dye N719-based cell. This result indicates that 2,7-disubstituted carbazole could be a promising building block to construct high-performance metal-free organic sensitizer even without most commonly used thiophene derivatives.

A new class of end-modifiable hyperbranched conjugated polymer (HBCP–Br) was synthesized from an AB2 monomer, and the end-modification of HBCP-Br was carried out by substituting the end-Br with a donor group to give the end-modified HBCPs (HBCP-OR). Both polymers had relatively good thermal stability (Td > 350 °C) and deep HOMO energy levels (−5.40 eV for HBCP-OR, −5.45 eV for HBCP-Br). Besides, the other two similar small molecular acceptors (IDTOTZ and IDTCPT) were synthesized to construct ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) with HBCP-OR or HBCP-Br. Owing to the favorable spectral and energy levels matching and relatively regular morphology, the ternary OSCs based on HBCP-OR/IDTOTZ/IDTCPT obtained an optimized PCE of 4.86% (with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.893 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 11.71 mA, and a fill factor (FF) of 45.18%), which performed better than the devices based on HBCP-Br/IDTOTZ/IDTCPT with a PCE of 2.33%. In addition, the HBCP-Br also exhibited photovoltaic activity when used as acceptors in the ternary OSCs based on small molecular donors, which demonstrated that HBCPs could play different roles in the OSCs.

In this work, we report a feasible and versatile method to synthesize bis(N1, N1, N3, N3-tetraphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine) (TPDA) group as a donor group for OLEDs. A series of novel tetraphenyl-diamine-phenyl end-capped anthracene derivatives, 5-(anthracene-9-yl)-N1, N1, N3, N3-tetraphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine (TPDAAn), N1, N1, N3, N3-tetraphenyl-5-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)benzene-1,3-diamine (TPDAPhAn), 5,5'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(N1, N1, N3, N3-tetraphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine) (dTPDAAn) were synthesized through a facile route. The doped devices based on TPDAAn, TPDAPhAn and dTPDAAn exhibit high EQE up to 4.01% and deep-blue emission with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.05), which fully meet the requirements of European Broadcasting Union (EBU) standard blue CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.06). The non-doped devices based on TPDAAn and TPDAPhAn also display efficient deep-blue emission with CIEy coordinates of 0.08, matching very well with the National Television System Committee (NTSC) standard blue CIEy coordinate for display applications. More importantly, the non-doped devices show extremely low driving voltages (Von ≤ 2.7 V), making them one of the lowest driving voltage devices with CIEy ≤ 0.8.

Introduction To evaluate factors of sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) on the bone marrow (BM) harvest collection outcomes of total nucleated cell (TNC) yield, anesthesia time, and sterility; a retrospective review of BM harvest donors at our institution from 2008 to 2017 was conducted. Donors were compared by sex and quartiles based on age and BMI. Materials and Methods Fifty-one donors underwent BM harvest. Thirty-three, 64.7%, of donors were male while 18, 35.3%, were female. Ages ranged from 20 to 72 years, median 33. BMI ranged from 18.7 to 43.4 kg/m2, median 27.7. BMI quartiles approximate WHO nutritional categories: first quartile, Normal weight; second and third quartiles, Overweight; fourth quartile, Obese. As TNC number targets are not donor dependent, outcomes were standardized by concentration: TNC/ml for TNC yield, seconds/ml for anesthesia time. Results There were no significant differences in TNC yield between sexes and between age quartiles. There was a significantly higher TNC yield in the fourth quartile of BMI (>32.5 kg/m2) compared to the first quartile of BMI (≤24.3), p = 0.032. There were trends towards longer median anesthesia times in females, highest BMI quartile, and youngest age quartile. Cultures were positive in 5, 9.8%, products; all occurred in the male donor group, 15.2% of male donors. Conclusion Selection biases might explain the greater number of male donors and donors with a greater BMI. There were no significant differences in TNC yields between sexes and between age quartiles. There was a significantly higher TNC yield in the fourth quartile of BMI compared to the first. Median anesthesia times were longest in female, youngest quartile of age, and Obese donors but did not approach statistical significance. BM products collected from male donors were significantly more likely to have positive cultures. Sample size limits the power of these analyses.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials offer a solution to obtain high fluorescence efficiencies in solid state which is desirable for optoelectronic devices and display. Here in this work, three new types of D-π-A-π-D AIE luminogens based on carbazole-benzoyl substituted tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives were designed and successfully synthesized. Meanwhile, their photophysical properties as well as electroluminescence (EL) characteristics were studied. These luminogens show good AIE property with high solid-state fluorescence quantum yields. Furthermore, the emission wavelengths for these three luminogens, both in solutions and in solid state, exhibit negligible variation by increasing the number of donor group. All three luminogens show solvatochromism and negative solvatokinetic effect in different solvents. More interesting is that on increasing number of donor groups, their thermal and morphological stability present regular change by increasing the number of carbazole-benzoyl group. The performance of non-doped OLED device based on TPE-3BZ-Cz is superior than the other two luminogens, which has been proved by further electroluminescence evaluation.