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1. Observation of disorder-free localization and efficient disorder averaging on a quantum processor

Author

Gyawali, Gaurav, Cochran, Tyler, Lensky, Yuri, Rosenberg, Eliott, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Berndtsson, Julia, Westerhout, Tom, Asfaw, Abraham, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Das, Sayan, Debroy, Dripto M., De Lorenzo, Laura, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rocque, Charles, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szalay, Marco, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifré, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Lucero, Erik, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Kovrizhin, Dmitry, Knolle, Johannes, Halimeh, Jad C., Aleiner, Igor, Moessner, Roderich, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

One of the most challenging problems in the computational study of localization in quantum manybody systems is to capture the effects of rare events, which requires sampling over exponentially many disorder realizations. We implement an efficient procedure on a quantum processor, leveraging quantum parallelism, to efficiently sample over all disorder realizations. We observe localization without disorder in quantum many-body dynamics in one and two dimensions: perturbations do not diffuse even though both the generator of evolution and the initial states are fully translationally invariant. The disorder strength as well as its density can be readily tuned using the initial state. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of our platform by measuring Renyi entropies. Our method could also be extended to higher moments of the physical observables and disorder learning.

Published
2024

2. Visualizing Dynamics of Charges and Strings in (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theories

Author

Cochran, Tyler A., Jobst, Bernhard, Rosenberg, Eliott, Lensky, Yuri D., Gyawali, Gaurav, Eassa, Norhan, Will, Melissa, Abanin, Dmitry, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Demura, Sean, De Lorenzo, Laura, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hilton, Jeremy, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Kobrin, Bryce, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Lau, Kim-Ming, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lester, Brian J., Guevel, Loïck Le, Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Miao, Kevin C., Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobris, Nicholas, Boixo, Sergio, Kelly, Julian, Lucero, Erik, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Neven, Hartmut, Gammon-Smith, Adam, Pollmann, Frank, Knap, Michael, and Roushan, Pedram

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, High Energy Physics - Lattice
Abstract

Lattice gauge theories (LGTs) can be employed to understand a wide range of phenomena, from elementary particle scattering in high-energy physics to effective descriptions of many-body interactions in materials. Studying dynamical properties of emergent phases can be challenging as it requires solving many-body problems that are generally beyond perturbative limits. We investigate the dynamics of local excitations in a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ LGT using a two-dimensional lattice of superconducting qubits. We first construct a simple variational circuit which prepares low-energy states that have a large overlap with the ground state; then we create particles with local gates and simulate their quantum dynamics via a discretized time evolution. As the effective magnetic field is increased, our measurements show signatures of transitioning from deconfined to confined dynamics. For confined excitations, the magnetic field induces a tension in the string connecting them. Our method allows us to experimentally image string dynamics in a (2+1)D LGT from which we uncover two distinct regimes inside the confining phase: for weak confinement the string fluctuates strongly in the transverse direction, while for strong confinement transverse fluctuations are effectively frozen. In addition, we demonstrate a resonance condition at which dynamical string breaking is facilitated. Our LGT implementation on a quantum processor presents a novel set of techniques for investigating emergent particle and string dynamics.

Published
2024

3. Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold

Author

Acharya, Rajeev, Aghababaie-Beni, Laleh, Aleiner, Igor, Andersen, Trond I., Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Atalaya, Juan, Babbush, Ryan, Bacon, Dave, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bausch, Johannes, Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Blackwell, Sam, Boixo, Sergio, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Yu, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Chik, Desmond, Chou, Charina, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Curtin, Ben, Das, Sayan, Davies, Alex, De Lorenzo, Laura, Debroy, Dripto M., Demura, Sean, Devoret, Michel, Di Paolo, Agustin, Donohoe, Paul, Drozdov, Ilya, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Edlich, Thomas, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Farhi, Edward, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Forati, Ebrahim, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Garcia, Gonzalo, Gasca, Robert, Genois, Élie, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Gross, Jonathan A., Habegger, Steve, Hall, John, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heras, Francisco J. H., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Higgott, Oscar, Hill, Gordon, Hilton, Jeremy, Holland, George, Hong, Sabrina, Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Ioffe, Lev B., Isakov, Sergei V., Iveland, Justin, Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Karamlou, Amir H., Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Kelly, Julian, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kim, Seon, Klimov, Paul V., Klots, Andrey R., Kobrin, Bryce, Kohli, Pushmeet, Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kothari, Robin, Kozlovskii, Borislav, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Lacroix, Nathan, Landhuis, David, Lange-Dei, Tiano, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Leon, Shannon, Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Li, Yin, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lucero, Erik, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Malone, Fionn D., Maloney, Ashley, Mandrá, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Steven, Martin, Orion, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Megrant, Anthony, Mi, Xiao, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molavi, Reza, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Mruczkiewicz, Wojciech, Naaman, Ofer, Neeley, Matthew, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Neven, Hartmut, Newman, Michael, Ng, Jiun How, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, O'Brien, Thomas E., Oliver, William D., Opremcak, Alex, Ottosson, Kristoffer, Petukhov, Andre, Pizzuto, Alex, Platt, John, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Ramachandran, Ganesh, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rosenfeld, Emma, Roushan, Pedram, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sank, Daniel, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Senior, Andrew W., Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Singh, Shraddha, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Smith, W. Clarke, Somma, Rolando D., Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Strain, Doug, Suchard, Jordan, Szasz, Aaron, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vargas, Justin, Vdovichev, Sergey, Vidal, Guifre, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., Ware, Brayden, Weber, Kate, White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W. K., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhang, Yaxing, Zhu, Ningfeng, and Zobrist, Nicholas

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Quantum error correction provides a path to reach practical quantum computing by combining multiple physical qubits into a logical qubit, where the logical error rate is suppressed exponentially as more qubits are added. However, this exponential suppression only occurs if the physical error rate is below a critical threshold. In this work, we present two surface code memories operating below this threshold: a distance-7 code and a distance-5 code integrated with a real-time decoder. The logical error rate of our larger quantum memory is suppressed by a factor of $\Lambda$ = 2.14 $\pm$ 0.02 when increasing the code distance by two, culminating in a 101-qubit distance-7 code with 0.143% $\pm$ 0.003% error per cycle of error correction. This logical memory is also beyond break-even, exceeding its best physical qubit's lifetime by a factor of 2.4 $\pm$ 0.3. We maintain below-threshold performance when decoding in real time, achieving an average decoder latency of 63 $\mu$s at distance-5 up to a million cycles, with a cycle time of 1.1 $\mu$s. To probe the limits of our error-correction performance, we run repetition codes up to distance-29 and find that logical performance is limited by rare correlated error events occurring approximately once every hour, or 3 $\times$ 10$^9$ cycles. Our results present device performance that, if scaled, could realize the operational requirements of large scale fault-tolerant quantum algorithms., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information

Published
2024

4. Thermalization and Criticality on an Analog-Digital Quantum Simulator

Author

Andersen, Trond I., Astrakhantsev, Nikita, Karamlou, Amir H., Berndtsson, Julia, Motruk, Johannes, Szasz, Aaron, Gross, Jonathan A., Schuckert, Alexander, Westerhout, Tom, Zhang, Yaxing, Forati, Ebrahim, Rossi, Dario, Kobrin, Bryce, Di Paolo, Agustin, Klots, Andrey R., Drozdov, Ilya, Kurilovich, Vladislav D., Petukhov, Andre, Ioffe, Lev B., Elben, Andreas, Rath, Aniket, Vitale, Vittorio, Vermersch, Benoit, Acharya, Rajeev, Beni, Laleh Aghababaie, Anderson, Kyle, Ansmann, Markus, Arute, Frank, Arya, Kunal, Asfaw, Abraham, Atalaya, Juan, Ballard, Brian, Bardin, Joseph C., Bengtsson, Andreas, Bilmes, Alexander, Bortoli, Gina, Bourassa, Alexandre, Bovaird, Jenna, Brill, Leon, Broughton, Michael, Browne, David A., Buchea, Brett, Buckley, Bob B., Buell, David A., Burger, Tim, Burkett, Brian, Bushnell, Nicholas, Cabrera, Anthony, Campero, Juan, Chang, Hung-Shen, Chen, Zijun, Chiaro, Ben, Claes, Jahan, Cleland, Agnetta Y., Cogan, Josh, Collins, Roberto, Conner, Paul, Courtney, William, Crook, Alexander L., Das, Sayan, Debroy, Dripto M., De Lorenzo, Laura, Barba, Alexander Del Toro, Demura, Sean, Donohoe, Paul, Dunsworth, Andrew, Earle, Clint, Eickbusch, Alec, Elbag, Aviv Moshe, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Erickson, Catherine, Faoro, Lara, Fatemi, Reza, Ferreira, Vinicius S., Burgos, Leslie Flores, Fowler, Austin G., Foxen, Brooks, Ganjam, Suhas, Gasca, Robert, Giang, William, Gidney, Craig, Gilboa, Dar, Giustina, Marissa, Gosula, Raja, Dau, Alejandro Grajales, Graumann, Dietrich, Greene, Alex, Habegger, Steve, Hamilton, Michael C., Hansen, Monica, Harrigan, Matthew P., Harrington, Sean D., Heslin, Stephen, Heu, Paula, Hill, Gordon, Hoffmann, Markus R., Huang, Hsin-Yuan, Huang, Trent, Huff, Ashley, Huggins, William J., Isakov, Sergei V., Jeffrey, Evan, Jiang, Zhang, Jones, Cody, Jordan, Stephen, Joshi, Chaitali, Juhas, Pavol, Kafri, Dvir, Kang, Hui, Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn, Khaire, Trupti, Khattar, Tanuj, Khezri, Mostafa, Kieferová, Mária, Kim, Seon, Kitaev, Alexei, Klimov, Paul V., Korotkov, Alexander N., Kostritsa, Fedor, Kreikebaum, John Mark, Landhuis, David, Langley, Brandon W., Laptev, Pavel, Lau, Kim-Ming, Guevel, Loïck Le, Ledford, Justin, Lee, Joonho, Lee, Kenny, Lensky, Yuri D., Lester, Brian J., Li, Wing Yan, Lill, Alexander T., Liu, Wayne, Livingston, William P., Locharla, Aditya, Lundahl, Daniel, Lunt, Aaron, Madhuk, Sid, Maloney, Ashley, Mandrà, Salvatore, Martin, Leigh S., Martin, Orion, Martin, Steven, Maxfield, Cameron, McClean, Jarrod R., McEwen, Matt, Meeks, Seneca, Miao, Kevin C., Mieszala, Amanda, Molina, Sebastian, Montazeri, Shirin, Morvan, Alexis, Movassagh, Ramis, Neill, Charles, Nersisyan, Ani, Newman, Michael, Nguyen, Anthony, Nguyen, Murray, Ni, Chia-Hung, Niu, Murphy Yuezhen, Oliver, William D., Ottosson, Kristoffer, Pizzuto, Alex, Potter, Rebecca, Pritchard, Orion, Pryadko, Leonid P., Quintana, Chris, Reagor, Matthew J., Rhodes, David M., Roberts, Gabrielle, Rocque, Charles, Rosenberg, Eliott, Rubin, Nicholas C., Saei, Negar, Sankaragomathi, Kannan, Satzinger, Kevin J., Schurkus, Henry F., Schuster, Christopher, Shearn, Michael J., Shorter, Aaron, Shutty, Noah, Shvarts, Vladimir, Sivak, Volodymyr, Skruzny, Jindra, Small, Spencer, Smith, W. Clarke, Springer, Sofia, Sterling, George, Suchard, Jordan, Szalay, Marco, Sztein, Alex, Thor, Douglas, Torres, Alfredo, Torunbalci, M. Mert, Vaishnav, Abeer, Vdovichev, Sergey, Villalonga, Benjamin, Heidweiller, Catherine Vollgraff, Waltman, Steven, Wang, Shannon X., White, Theodore, Wong, Kristi, Woo, Bryan W., Xing, Cheng, Yao, Z. Jamie, Yeh, Ping, Ying, Bicheng, Yoo, Juhwan, Yosri, Noureldin, Young, Grayson, Zalcman, Adam, Zhu, Ningfeng, Zobrist, Nicholas, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, Boixo, Sergio, Hilton, Jeremy, Lucero, Erik, Megrant, Anthony, Kelly, Julian, Chen, Yu, Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Vidal, Guifre, Roushan, Pedram, Lauchli, Andreas M., Abanin, Dmitry A., and Mi, Xiao

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators. Unlocking the full potential of such systems toward this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution, and extensive probes for final state characterization. We present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits which supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analog evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. Emulating a two-dimensional (2D) XY quantum magnet, we leverage a wide range of measurement techniques to study quantum states after ramps from an antiferromagnetic initial state. We observe signatures of the classical Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition, as well as strong deviations from Kibble-Zurek scaling predictions attributed to the interplay between quantum and classical coarsening of the correlated domains. This interpretation is corroborated by injecting variable energy density into the initial state, which enables studying the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. Finally, we digitally prepare the system in pairwise-entangled dimer states and image the transport of energy and vorticity during thermalization. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analog-digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics.

Published
2024

5. Non-avian dinosaur eggshell calcite can contain ancient, endogenous amino acids

Author

Saitta, Evan T., Vinther, Jakob, Crisp, Molly K., Abbott, Geoffrey D., Wheeler, Lucy, Presslee, Samantha, Kaye, Thomas G., Bull, Ian, Fletcher, Ian, Chen, Xinqi, Vidal, Daniel, Sanguino, Fernando, Buscalioni, Ángela D., Calvo, Jorge, Sereno, Paul C., Baumgart, Stephanie L., Pittman, Michael, Collins, Matthew J., Sakalauskaite, Jorune, Mackie, Meaghan, Bello, Federica Dal, Dickinson, Marc R., Stevenson, Mark A., Donohoe, Paul, Heck, Philipp R., Demarchi, Beatrice, and Penkman, Kirsty E.H.

Published
2024
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7. Seaweed and the applicability of freeze drying techniques.

Author

Ashworth, Helen, Donohoe, Paul, and Kibblewhite, Blair

Subjects
SNACK foods, MARINE algae, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, GREENHOUSE gases, FOOD aroma, MARINE resources conservation, MATERIALS at low temperatures, CONTROLLED release drugs
Abstract

This article discusses the potential of freeze drying techniques in preserving and utilizing seaweed effectively. Seaweed is a valuable marine resource with nutritional benefits and environmental advantages. Freeze drying, or lyophilization, is a preservation method that removes moisture while maintaining the seaweed's structure, flavor, and nutritional properties. This process offers advantages such as preserving nutritional value, extending shelf life, reducing weight and volume, and minimizing environmental impact. Seaweed has various applications in industries like food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental conservation. Freeze drying plays a crucial role in preserving the nutritional value and characteristics of seaweed. The document also includes a list of references that cover different aspects of seaweed's benefits and applications in fields like food, medicine, and environmental biotechnology. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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8. Perioperative nursing

Author

Minty-Walker, Christine, primary, Donohoe, Paul L, additional, Hadlow, Suzanne E, additional, and Wilson, Nathan J., additional

Published
2020
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14. Predictors of Renal Outcome in HIV-Associated Nephropathy

Author

Post, Frank A., Campbell, Lucy J., Hamzah, Lisa, Collins, Lisa, Jones, Rachael, Siwani, Rizwan, Johnson, Leann, Fisher, Martin, Holt, Stephen G., Bhagani, Sanjay, Frankel, Andrew H., Wilkins, Edmund, Ainsworth, Jonathan G., Larbalestier, Nick, Macallan, Derek C., Banerjee, Debasish, Baily, Guy, Thuraisingham, Raj C., Donohoe, Paul, Hendry, Bruce M., Hilton, Rachel M., Edwards, Simon G., Hangartner, Robert, Howie, Alexander J., Connolly, John O., and Easterbrook, Philippa J.

Published
2008
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17. NON-AVIAN DINOSAUR EGGSHELL CALCITE CONTAINS ANCIENT, ENDOGENOUS AMINO ACIDS

Author

Saitta, Evan T., primary, Vinther, Jakob, additional, Crisp, Molly K., additional, Abbott, Geoffrey D., additional, Kaye, Thomas G., additional, Pittman, Michael, additional, Bull, Ian, additional, Fletcher, Ian, additional, Chen, Xinqi, additional, Collins, Matthew J., additional, Sakalauskaite, Jorune, additional, Mackie, Meaghan, additional, Dal Bello, Federica, additional, Dickinson, Marc R., additional, Stevenson, Mark A., additional, Donohoe, Paul, additional, Heck, Philipp R., additional, Demarchi, Beatrice, additional, and Penkman, Kirsty E. H., additional

Published
2020
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20. Respiratory, metabolic, and acid-base correlates of aerobic metabolic rate reduction in overwintering frogs

Author

Donohoe, Paul H., West, Timothy G., and Boutilier, Robert G.

Subjects
Frogs -- Research, Hibernation -- Research, Adaptive control -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Research shows that frogs which live under ice through the winter exhibit a greatly reduced aerobic metabolic rate and are able to adapt acid-base homeostatic set points to suit varying needs related to survival. Experiments measuring the aerobic metabolic rates and respiratory quotients of hibernating Rana temporaria frogs over a ninety day period are described.

Published
1998

22. Peer Review

Author

Beck, Jeffrey, primary, Funk, Kathryn, additional, Harrison, Melissa, additional, McEntyre, Jo, additional, Breen, Josie, additional, Collings, Andy, additional, Donohoe, Paul, additional, Evans, Michael, additional, Flintoft, Louisa, additional, Hamelers, Audrey, additional, Hurst, Phil, additional, Lemberger, Thomas, additional, Lin, Jennifer, additional, O'Connor, Niamh, additional, Parkin, Michael, additional, Parker, Sam, additional, Rodgers, Peter, additional, Skipper, Magdalena, additional, and Stoner, Michael, additional

Published
2019
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23. Cretaceous dinosaur bone contains recent organic material and provides an environment conducive to microbial communities

Author

Saitta, Evan T, primary, Liang, Renxing, additional, Lau, Maggie CY, additional, Brown, Caleb M, additional, Longrich, Nicholas R, additional, Kaye, Thomas G, additional, Novak, Ben J, additional, Salzberg, Steven L, additional, Norell, Mark A, additional, Abbott, Geoffrey D, additional, Dickinson, Marc R, additional, Vinther, Jakob, additional, Bull, Ian D, additional, Brooker, Richard A, additional, Martin, Peter, additional, Donohoe, Paul, additional, Knowles, Timothy DJ, additional, Penkman, Kirsty EH, additional, and Onstott, Tullis, additional

Published
2019
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24. Author response: Cretaceous dinosaur bone contains recent organic material and provides an environment conducive to microbial communities

Author

Saitta, Evan T, primary, Liang, Renxing, additional, Lau, Maggie CY, additional, Brown, Caleb M, additional, Longrich, Nicholas R, additional, Kaye, Thomas G, additional, Novak, Ben J, additional, Salzberg, Steven L, additional, Norell, Mark A, additional, Abbott, Geoffrey D, additional, Dickinson, Marc R, additional, Vinther, Jakob, additional, Bull, Ian D, additional, Brooker, Richard A, additional, Martin, Peter, additional, Donohoe, Paul, additional, Knowles, Timothy DJ, additional, Penkman, Kirsty EH, additional, and Onstott, Tullis, additional

Published
2019
Full Text
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26. LANs in transition

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
LAN, Case Study, Moving a Facility, Facility Location, Transamerica Leasing Inc. -- Logistics, PC Technical Services Inc. -- Services
Abstract

It's Wednesday afternoon and you just finished putting out the last fire from Monday. Rumors have been circulating for months that your company will be moved (someplace close you hope) […]

Published
1993

27. Publishing peer review materials

Author

Beck, Jeffrey, primary, Funk, Kathryn, additional, Harrison, Melissa, additional, McEntyre, Jo, additional, Breen, Josie, additional, Collings, Andy, additional, Donohoe, Paul, additional, Evans, Michael, additional, Flintoft, Louisa, additional, Hamelers, Audrey, additional, Hurst, Phil, additional, Lemberger, Thomas, additional, Lin, Jennifer, additional, O'Connor, Niamh, additional, Parkin, Michael, additional, Parker, Sam, additional, Rodgers, Peter, additional, Skipper, Magdalena, additional, and Stoner, Michael, additional

Published
2018
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28. Life Inside a Dinosaur Bone: a Thriving Microbiome

Author

Saitta, Evan T., primary, Liang, Renxing, additional, Lau, Chui Y., additional, Brown, Caleb M., additional, Longrich, Nicholas R., additional, Kaye, Thomas G., additional, Novak, Ben J., additional, Salzberg, Steven, additional, Donohoe, Paul, additional, Dickinson, Marc, additional, Vinther, Jakob, additional, Bull, Ian D., additional, Brooker, Richard A., additional, Martin, Peter, additional, Abbott, Geoffrey D., additional, Knowles, Timothy D. J., additional, Penkman, Kirsty, additional, and Onstott, Tullis C., additional

Published
2018
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29. Tech futures, part II

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Industry Trend, Market Trend/Market Analysis, Outsourcing, LAN, Support Services
Abstract

Last month's column reviewed the size and growth of the LAN service and support market in general, and developed the concept of "opportunity potential" to guide investments in training and […]

Published
1994

33. Notes to the Internet

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Product Information, Product Description Specification, Database access software, Internet, File format conversion software, Lotus Development Corp. -- Product information, Lotus InterNotes (Internet Web server software) -- Design and construction, Lotus InterNotes Web Publisher (Internet Web server software) -- Design and construction, Lotus InterNotes News Gateway (Internet Web server software) -- Design and construction
Abstract

When we ended last month's column, Spiderman was suspended 12 feet above the floor of the Dolphin Hotel's grand ballroom during the opening morning of Lotusphere. Seven thousand attendees watched […]

Published
1995

34. Take Notes

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Industry event, Trade show report, Workgroup software, Lotus Development Corp. -- Product information -- 00305306, Lotus Notes (Workgroup software) -- Usage
Abstract

It was September 27, 1988--the Year of the LAN. In Dallas, the third NetWorld was in full swing with more than 179 exhibitors, including Earth Computers Technologies (manufacturer of the […]

Published
1995

35. ISDN: Yes, you do!

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Technology Information, Technology overview, ISDN, Communications technology
Abstract

Actions speak louder than words. For years, ISDN has been known as the acronym for "I Still Don't Need it," but business trends and implementation suggest that 1995 may well […]

Published
1995

36. Getting into CTI

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Technology Information, Technology application, Telephone Management Software, Computer-telephone integration
Abstract

A conversation overheard recently: "What we need, Bob, is to implement CTI with a new PBX. We can use the ECMA's CSTA and Novell's TSAPIs and an ISDN BRI link. […]

Published
1995

37. Remote security

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Technology Information, Technology Overview, Remote Access Technology, Encryption, Data Security Issue
Abstract

It happens to just about everyone these days--even New York City's mayor Rudolph Giuliani and police commissioner William Brattan. Some unscrupulous interloper cruises the airwaves and pirates cellular access information. […]

Published
1994

38. Tech futures

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Technology Information, Technology Overview, Market Trend/Market Analysis, VAR
Abstract

Annually, an international group of forward-looking people gathers to attempt to predict the future as it relates to a wide range of subjects. Out of that meeting come many bizarre […]

Published
1994

39. The perils of tape backup

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Backup Software, Tape Drive, Technology Information, Technology Overview
Abstract

This is a multiple choice test. Please choose the answers which are most correct. Question: What's wrong with tape backup? Answers: A. It should be called tape restore instead of […]

Published
1994

44. Lotus components

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Integrated Software, Product description/specification, Product marketing strategy, Workgroup software, Lotus Development Corp. -- Marketing, Lotus Components Starter Pack (Business application suite) -- Marketing, Lotus Notes 4.0 (Workgroup software)
Abstract

It has been widely reported that Microsoft owns 90 percent of the office suite market. Word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and presentation graphics programs have become commodities. In a commodity market, […]

Published
1996

45. Perils of Win95 development

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Product application, Programming project management, Operating system, Microsoft Corp. -- Product information -- 00068489, Microsoft Windows 95 (Operating system) -- Usage
Abstract

Last September at Networks Expo Dallas, a group of us sat around a table in the speakers' lounge discussing the release of Windows 95, which had occurred the month before. […]

Published
1996

46. Betting the farm

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Networking software product introduction, Workgroup software, Lotus Development Corp. -- Product introduction -- 00305306, Lotus Notes 4.0 (Workgroup software) -- Product introduction
Abstract

Nine-thousand attendees were sitting in three Walt Disney hotel ballrooms. All were watching 20-foot screens as a counter, indicating the number of remote viewers worldwide, raced up to 50,000. The […]

Published
1996

47. Ubiquitous IPX

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Technology overview, Remote access technology
Abstract

NetWare everywhere!" was the rallying cry for Novell people when Ray Noorda was Novell's CEO. At the time, most organizations did not have LANs, and the market potential for creating […]

Published
1996

48. The virtual desk

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
System design, Technology development, Personal digital assistant, Texas Instruments Inc. -- Product information -- 00308554, Texas Instruments PS-6800 (Personal digital assistant) -- Design and construction, Texas Instruments PS-6155 (Personal digital assistant) -- Design and construction, Mobile communication systems -- Design and construction, Hand-held computers -- Design and construction, Computer industry -- Product information
Abstract

What is your vision of the perfect desktop PC for your own personal use? We're not talking about a PC that you would build for a testing lab, but one […]

Published
1996

49. Security basics

Author

Donohoe, Paul

Subjects
Data security issue, Network management utility, Citadel Computer Systems Inc. -- Product information -- 00336743, NetOff System (Network management utility) -- Design and construction, Data security -- Safety and security measures, Network management software -- Design and construction, Computer software industry -- Product information
Abstract

A few years ago, the mere mention of Michelanelicited awe from some people and fear from others. Computer viruses became a hot topic during that scare, but information systems people […]

Published
1996

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