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Background and Aims: This study aimed to systematically evaluate a classification scheme of secondary peristalsis using functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) panometry through comparison with primary peristalsis on high‐resolution manometry (HRM). Methods: 706 adult patients that completed FLIP and HRM for primary esophageal motility evaluation and 35 asymptomatic volunteers ("controls") were included. Secondary peristalsis, that is, contractile responses (CRs), was classified on FLIP panometry by the presence and pattern of contractility as normal (NCR), borderline (BCR), impaired/disordered (IDCR), absent (ACR), or spastic‐reactive (SRCR). Primary peristalsis on HRM was assessed according to the Chicago Classification. Results: All 35 of the controls had antegrade contractions on FLIP panometry with either NCR (89%) or BCR (11%). The average percentages of normal swallows on HRM varied across contractile response patterns from 84% in NCR, 68% in BCR, 39% in IDCR, to 11% in ACR, as did the percentage of failed swallows on HRM: 4% in NCR, 12% in BCR, 36% in IDCR, and 79% in ACR. SRCR on FLIP panometry was observed in 18/57 (32%) patients with type III achalasia, 4/15 (27%) with distal esophageal spasm, and 7/15 (47%) with hypercontractile esophagus on HRM. Conclusions: The FLIP panometry contractile response patterns reflect a pathophysiologic transition from normal to abnormal esophageal peristaltic function with shared features with primary peristaltic function/dysfunction on HRM. Thus, these patterns of the contractile response to distension can facilitate the evaluation of esophageal motility using FLIP panometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: A unique motor response to sustained esophageal distension, repetitive antegrade contractions (RACs), is observed using functional luminal imaging probe (FLIP) panometry. However, physiologic mechanisms related to this response are unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of cholinergic inhibition with atropine on the esophageal contractile response to sustained distention, including RACs, among healthy volunteers., Methods: 8 asymptomatic volunteers (ages 22-45) were evaluated in a crossover study design with 16-cm FLIP positioned across the esophagogastric junction and distal esophagus during sedated upper endoscopy. The FLIP study involving stepwise volumetric distension was performed twice in each subject, at baseline and again after atropine (15 mcg/kg) was administered intravenously. FLIP panometry was analyzed to assess the contractile response to distension., Results: Antegrade contractions, lumen-occluding contractions, and a RAC pattern were observed in 8/8, 8/8, and 7/8(88%) subjects, respectively, at baseline and in 5/8 (63%), 2/8 (25%) and 2/8 (25%) subjects after atropine. The rate of contractions in the RAC pattern was similar (6-7 contractions per minute) before and after atropine. Compared with the baseline study, distension-induced contractility was triggered at higher fill volumes after atropine. FLIP pressures were lower in response to volumetric filling after atropine than at baseline., Conclusions: The vigor and triggering of the esophageal contractile response to distension is reduced by cholinergic inhibition in asymptomatic controls. The observation that the rate of contractions did not change when patients developed repetitive contractile responses suggests that this rate is not modified by cholinergic inhibition once contractility is triggered.