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Objective Our study was designed to evaluate the postoperative urinary retention (UR) and success rate of the GreenLight Laser (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GLL.PVP) procedure for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients, both with and without high-risk factors. Methodology We conducted a retrospective follow-up study of postoperative patients who underwent GLL.PVP for BPH. We collected data from clinical health records, including notes from the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) clinic, trial without catheter (TWOC) clinic, and emergency department presentations with UR. The analysis examined several parameters, including the patient's age, high-risk factors, prostate volume, and both preoperative and postoperative objective voiding parameters. These voiding parameters included post-void residual (PVR) and maximum flow rate (Qmax). Additionally, the analysis looked into whether the patient had a catheter or experienced urinary retention prior to the surgery. Results A total of 50 GreenLight Laser PVP surgeries were performed over a 14-month period from May 2023 to July 2024 at West Middlesex University Hospital in London. Most of the patients were between the ages of 60 and 80. Prior to the surgery, data indicated that 17 patients (34%) were using long-term catheters, whereas 33 patients (66%) were not. Additionally, 25 patients (50%) were identified as having high-risk factors, which included being on anticoagulation therapy, a history of urinary retention, and a prostate volume exceeding 100 cc. Notably, the patient without h/o urinary retention had an average preoperative PVR of 150 mL and an average Qmax of 7 mL/second In our 3-6 month retrospective postoperative follow-up study, we found that eight cases (16%) developed urinary retention, while 42 cases (84%) did not, with an average PVR volume of 105 mL and an average Qmax of 13.5 mL/second. In patients with preoperative urinary retention, 13 cases (76%) did not develop UR postoperatively whereas four cases (24%) developed. Conclusion Our study conclusively found that 42 cases (84%) of patients did not experience urinary retention (UR) in the follow-up after undergoing the GLL PVP operation, irrespective of any history of urinary retention or other high-risk factors. This unequivocally demonstrates the operation's efficacy. Furthermore, our findings revealed that three-quarters of patients with a preoperative history of urinary retention also did not develop UR post-surgery. The GLL.PVP procedure is safe and effective, leading to rapid improvements in voiding parameters., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. issued approval N/A. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Islam et al.)

Objectives: To determine if histological evaluation of the vasa is useful when post-vasectomy semen analysis (PVSA) compliance is low and to determine whether compliance could be predicted., Methods: A retrospective evaluation of patients undergoing vasectomy between 2018 and 2022 was undertaken. A comparison of the PVSA between three vasa histological categorisations was made: complete divisions, incomplete division(s), absent vas(a). A multivariate model was constructed to predict PVSA compliance., Results: From 388 patients, 191 (49.2%) undertook PVSA. Four patients had a revision of vasectomy. On 3 occasions this was due to the histology findings and once from semen analysis with normal histology. There was no significant difference in the number of azoospermic samples (95.4% vs 91.2%, ns), of samples with presence of Rare Non-Motile Sperm (RNMS) (2.6% vs 8.8%, ns) and those with sperm present (2.0 vs 0%, ns), between patients with complete division of the vasa on both sides and those with incomplete division on one side respectively. There was no difference in patient characteristics between those who complied with PVSA and those who did not., Conclusions: This paper suggests that there is a role for histological evaluation of the vasa when PVSA compliance is poor. Incompletely divided vasa on histology are not associated with an adverse PVSA.

Introduction: The treatment of children with pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) has naturally progressed from open, to minimally invasive approaches, including laparoscopic pyeloplasty and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP). The RALP is now considered to be the gold standard for paediatric patients with PUJO, except for smaller infants due to size limitations. Our systematic review aims to synthesise all the available evidence regarding key postoperative outcomes for the three surgical approaches to pyeloplasties in children. Our outcomes of interest include, but are not limited to, the reoperation rate, length of hospital stay and postoperative complications as classified by the Clavien-Dindo grading system. A comprehensive assessment of all three methods in paediatric patients has yet to be conducted in the literature to date., Methods and Analysis: A systematic search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases will be conducted. Screening, data extraction, statistical analysis and reporting will be performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included papers will be full-text manuscripts written between 1947 and March 2024, comparing the outcomes and complications of open, laparoscopic and RALP. Quality and study bias will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa score and, if relevant, the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials. This present protocol is written in accordance with the PRISMA Protocol 2015 checklist, ensuring that the highest methodological standards are adhered to., Ethics and Dissemination: No ethical approval shall be required, as this is a review of already published literature. Findings will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at international and national conferences., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42023456779., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

To the Editor, Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is a well-recognised clinical entity characterised by functionally significant impairment of drainage of urine at the level of the pelvi-ureteric junction due to extrinsic or intrinsic obstruction and is encountered both by adult and paediatric urologists alike. Management of PUJO has been surgical historically, and the gold standard has been an open Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty [...].

Acute urinary retention is a problem a high medico-social importance. Many risk factors modify its incidence. Having un adequate information of the ethiology and the pathogenesis of the disease itself gives new opportunities for future therapeutic methods.

Dirofilariasis is a rare anthroponotic endemic disease caused by nematodes. The dog is the reservoir of this parasite and men are accidentally infected by mosquitoes. A subcutaneous mass or pulmonary nodules are the typical clinical presentation. Here, we present two cases of human dirofilariosis and a make a review of the literature.

Background: Primary or recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) may lead to extrinsic obstruction of the ureter (EOU) necessitating differentiated and individual approach based on the genesis of the lesion., Aim: Analysis of the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of cases of EUO in our experience., Material and Methods: From Jan., 2003 to Dec., 2005 21 patients with EUO were treated at the authors' institutions. The study was prospective and clinical, laboratory and instrumental data were collected and analyzed. The EUO's were classified as carcinomatous infiltration by the primary or recurrent tumor (Group A), post radiation therapy (Group B) and operative lesions (Group C). Cases of involvement of the ureter and urinary bladder as well as such of distant metastases were not included in the study. Methods of treatment consisted of resection and end-to-end uretero-ureterostomy or ureteroneocystostomy (11 cases), insertion of a double-J catheter (4 cases), nephrostomy (6 cases)., Results: The early postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 0% and 28.57% respectively. Urinary infection was the most often specific complication., Conclusions: EUO remains a challenging complication of CRC. It is most often observed in patients between 51 and 60 years of age with recurrent rectal cancer stage III (Dukes C). Cases of group B and group C are indicated for radical ureteral resection and reconstruction while those of group A need just conservative measures for overcoming urinary stasis.

Clinical cases presenting allergic contact balanitis from condoms are studied using a combination of patch testing and chemical analysis by gas chromatography and high-resolving liquid chromatography to identify the causative agents involved. It has been previously established that zinc ethylphenyl dithiocarbamate (ZEPC)--a dithiocarbamate-type accelerant (DTC)--is an etiological factor in the event of contact allergy to condoms. Later it is confirmed that DTCs, such as zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDMC), zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (ZDEC) and zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate and amines, such as dimethylamine (DMA), diethylamine (DEA) and piperidine (PIP) are likewise implicated in condom-induced contact balanitis. As shown by the investigation along this line, although thiurams are believed to be more allergenic, as compared to the corresponding DTCs and amines, both DTCs (ZDMC, ZDEC, ZDBC, ZEPC) and amines (DMA, DEA and PIP) are noteworthy etiological factors of allergic contact balanitis from condoms.

Fifty-four patients mean aged 58.5 years (28 women and 26 men) undergo transurethral resection for superficial bladder carcinoma. Postoperatively 20 mg mitomycin is administered by instillation into the bladder for 8 weeks. Preoperative assessment includes: complete blood count, urea, creatinine, isotope nephrography, ultrasonography, excretory urography and CT scan of pelvis. Multifocal lesions are diagnosed in 22 patients (40.7%). In 36 cases (66.7%) it is a matter of solitary papillomas. The distribution of lesions is as follows: left bladder wall--12 patients (22.2%), right bladder wall--13 (24.07 per cent), trigone--18 (33.3%), and anterior bladder wall--11 (20.03 per cent). Postoperative check-ups: cytological assessment of urine and regular endoscopic study at 3-6 months. Recurrence rate amounts to 42.5% for the maximum follow-up period.