Author: "Donkelaar, Aaron van" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Measuring global monetary damages from particulate matter and carbon dioxide emissions to track sustainable growth

Author: Mohan, Aniruddh, Muller, Nicholas Z., Thyagarajan, Akshay, Martin, Randall V., Hammer, Melanie S., and Donkelaar, Aaron van
Published: 2024
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2. Effect modification by statin use status on the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular mortality.

Author: Bai, Li, Kwong, Jeffrey C, Kaufman, Jay S, Benmarhnia, Tarik, Chen, Chen, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V, Kim, JinHee, Lu, Hong, Burnett, Richard T, and Chen, Hong
Subjects: CORONARY disease, PARTICULATE matter, STATINS (Cardiovascular agents), AIR pollution, STROKE
Abstract: Background Numerous studies have linked fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to increased cardiovascular mortality. Less is known how the PM2.5-cardiovascular mortality association varies by use of cardiovascular medications. This study sought to quantify effect modification by statin use status on the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality from any cardiovascular cause, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Methods In this nested case-control study, we followed 1.2 million community-dwelling adults aged ≥66 years who lived in Ontario, Canada from 2000 through 2018. Cases were patients who died from the three causes. Each case was individually matched to up to 30 randomly selected controls using incidence density sampling. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between PM2.5 and mortality. We evaluated the presence of effect modification considering both multiplicative (ratio of ORs) and additive scales (the relative excess risk due to interaction, RERI). Results Exposure to PM2.5 increased the risks for cardiovascular, CHD, and stroke mortality. For all three causes of death, compared with statin users, stronger PM2.5-mortality associations were observed among non-users [e.g. for cardiovascular mortality corresponding to each interquartile range increase in PM2.5, OR = 1.042 (95% CI, 1.032–1.053) vs OR = 1.009 (95% CI, 0.996–1.022) in users, ratio of ORs = 1.033 (95% CI, 1.019–1.047), RERI = 0.039 (95% CI, 0.025–0.050)]. Among users, partially adherent users exhibited a higher risk of PM2.5-associated mortality than fully adherent users. Conclusions The associations of chronic exposure to PM2.5 with cardiovascular and CHD mortality were stronger among statin non-users compared to users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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3. Global Spatial Variation in the PM2.5 to AOD Relationship Strongly Influenced by Aerosol Composition.

Author: Zhu, Haihui, Martin, Randall, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Hammer, Melanie, Li, Chi, Meng, Jun, Oxford, Christopher, Liu, Xuan, Li, Yanshun, Zhang, Dandan, Singh, Inderjeet, and Lyapustin, Alexei
Subjects: SPATIAL variation, AEROSOLS, TROPOSPHERIC aerosols, MINERAL dusts, OPTICAL remote sensing, CHEMICAL models, PARTICULATE matter
Abstract: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the leading global environmental determinant of mortality. However, large gaps exist in ground-based PM2.5 monitoring. Satellite remote sensing of aerosol optical depth (AOD) offers information to fill these gaps worldwide, when augmented with a modeled PM2.5 to AOD relationship (η). This study aims to understand the spatial pattern and driving factors of η from both observations and modeling. A global observational estimate of η for the year 2019 is inferred from 6,118 ground-based PM2.5 measurement sites and satellite retrieved AOD from the MAIAC algorithm. A global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, in its high performance configuration (GCHP), is used to interpret the observed spatial pattern of annual mean η. Measurements and the GCHP simulation consistently identify a global population-weighted mean η of 92 – 100 μg/m3, with regional values ranging from 60.3 μg/m3 for North America to more than 130 μg/m3 in Africa. The highest η is found in arid regions where aerosols are less hygroscopic due to mineral dust, followed by regions strongly influenced by surface aerosol sources. Relatively low η is found over regions distant from strong aerosol sources. The spatial variation of η is strongly influenced by aerosol composition driven by its effects on aerosol hygroscopicity. Sensitivity tests with globally uniform parameters reveal that aerosol composition leads to the strongest η spatial variability, with a population-weighted normalized mean difference of 12.3 μg/m3, higher than that from aerosol vertical profile (8.4 μg/m3), reflecting the determinant composition effects on aerosol hygroscopicity and aerosol optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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4. Quantifying prescribed-fire smoke exposure using low-cost sensors and satellites: Springtime burning in Eastern Kansas

Author: Sablan, Olivia, primary, Ford, Bonne, additional, Gargulinski, Emily M., additional, Hammer, Melanie S., additional, Henery, Giovanna, additional, Kondragunta, Shobha, additional, Martin, Randall V, additional, Rosen, Zoey, additional, Slater, Kellin, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Zhang, Hai, additional, Soja, Amber Jeanine, additional, Magzamen, Sheryl, additional, Pierce, Jeffrey R., additional, and Fischer, Emily V, additional
Published: 2023
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5. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Fullman, Nancy, Barber, Ryan M, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afshin, Ashkan, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aiyar, Sneha, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Ansari, Hossein, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bannick, Marlena S, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Battle, Katherine E, Baune, Bernhard T, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Bikbov, Boris, Bilal, Arebu I, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Blosser, Christopher D, Boneya, Dube Jara, Bose, Dipan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brugha, Traolach S, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cameron, Ewan, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Hélène, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chew, Adrienne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cooper, Cyrus, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crump, John A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, José, Davitoiu, Dragos V, de Courten, Barbora, De Steur, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Deribe, Kebede, deVeber, Gabrielle A, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebel, Beth E, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C, Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frank, Tahvi, Franklin, Richard C, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph J, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gething, Peter W, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Glenn, Scott D, Godwin, William W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Griswold, Max, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Holmberg, Mollie, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine O, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Jun Y, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A, Kivimaki, Mika, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar Lal, Dharmesh, Kutz, Michael J, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Looker, Katharine J, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGaughey, Madeline, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B M, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mitchell, Philip B, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B V, Mokdad, Ali H, Mollenkopf, Sarah K, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark W, Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O, Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine, Pereira, David M, Perico, David Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Piradov, Michael A, Pishgar, Farhad, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, Salman, Reidy, Patrick, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nikolas, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schneider, Matthew T, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirude, Shreya, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Sligar, Amber, Smith, David L, Smith, Alison, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H A, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J D, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tandon, Nikhil, Tao, Tianchan, Tarekegn, Yihunie L, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, JS, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thrift, Amanda G, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woodbrook, Rachel, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2017
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6. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Gakidou, Emmanuela, Afshin, Ashkan, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansari, Hossein, Antó, Josep M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Ballew, Shoshana H, Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Batis, Carolina, Battle, Katherine E, Baumgarner, Blair R, Baune, Bernhard T, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Blosser, Christopher D, Boneya, Dube Jara, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Charlson, Fiona J, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Comfort, Haley, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Sarah, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Kairsten, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C, Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W, Ghajar, Alireza, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Jingwen, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Hoek, Hans W, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jackson, Maria Delores, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johansson, Lars R K, Johnson, Catherine O, Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Jun Y, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A, Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kromhout, Hans, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Alexander, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Mapoma, Chabila C, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B M, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B V, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D, Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mullany, Erin C, Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A, Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D, Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rivera, Juan A, Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H A, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J D, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sur, Patrick J, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S, Tandon, Nikhil, Tanner, Marcel, Tarekegn, Yihunie L, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesssema, Belay, Thakur, JS, Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew M, Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J, Thrift, Amanda G, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Tollanes, Mette C, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Veerman, Lennert J, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zimsen, Stephanie Raman M, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2017
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7. Evaluation of CMIP6 model simulations of PM2.5 and its components over China.

Author: Ren, Fangxuan, Lin, Jintai, Xu, Chenghao, Adeniran, Jamiu A., Wang, Jingxu, Martin, Randall V., Donkelaar, Aaron van, Hammer, Melanie, Horowitz, Larry, Turnock, Steven T., Oshima, Naga, Zhang, Jie, Bauer, Susanne, Tsigaridis, Kostas, Seland, Øyvind, Nabat, Pierre, Neubauer, David, Strand, Gary, Noije, Twan van, and Sager, Philippe Le
Subjects: RADIATIVE forcing, PARTICULATE matter, AMMONIUM nitrate, CARBON-black, SIMULATION methods & models
Abstract: Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulate various components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as major climate forcers. Yet the model performance for PM2.5 components remains little evaluated due in part to lack of observational data. Here, we evaluate near-surface concentrations of PM2.5 and its five main components over China as simulated by fourteen CMIP6 models, including organic carbon (OC, available in 14 models), black carbon (BC, 14 models), sulfate (14 models), nitrate (4 models), and ammonium (5 models). For this purpose, we collect observational data between 2000 and 2014 from a satellite-based dataset for total PM2.5 and from 2469 measurement records in the literature for PM2.5 components. Seven models output total PM2.5 concentrations, and they all underestimate the observed total PM2.5 over eastern China, with GFDL-ESM4 (–1.5 %) and MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM (–1.1 %) exhibiting the smallest biases averaged over the whole country. The other seven models, for which we recalculate total PM2.5 from the available components output, underestimate the total PM2.5 concentrations, partly because of the missing model representations of nitrate and ammonium. Concentrations of the five individual components are underestimated in almost all models, except that sulfate is overestimated in MPI-ESM-1-2-HAM by 12.6 % and in MRI-ESM2-0 by 24.5 %. The underestimation is the largest for OC (by –71.2 % to –37.8 % across the 14 models) and the smallest for BC (–47.9 % to –12.1 %). The multi-model mean (MMM) reproduces fairly well the observed spatial pattern for OC (R = 0.51), sulfate (R = 0.57), nitrate (R = 0.70) and ammonium (R = 0.75), yet the agreement is poorer for BC (R = 0.39). The varying performances of ESMs on total PM2.5 and its components have important implications for the modeled magnitude and spatial pattern of aerosol radiative forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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8. Estimated public health impacts of changes in concentrations of fine particle air pollution in Canada, 2000 to 2011

Author: Stieb, David M., Judek, Stan, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V., Brand, Kevin, Shin, Hwashin H., Burnett, Richard T., and Smith-Doiron, Marc H.
Published: 2015

9. Development and evaluation of processes affecting simulation of diel fine particulate matter variation in the GEOS-Chem model.

Author: Li, Yanshun, Martin, Randall V., Li, Chi, Boys, Brian L., Donkelaar, Aaron van, Meng, Jun, and Pierce, Jeffrey R.
Subjects: PARTICULATE matter, AERODYNAMIC measurements, BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics), EMISSION inventories, AIR quality, MIXING height (Atmospheric chemistry)
Abstract: The capability of chemical transport models to represent fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over the course of a day is of vital importance for air quality simulation and assessment. In this work, we used the nested GEOS-Chem model at 0.25° × 0.3125° resolution to simulate the diel (24 h) variation in PM2.5 mass concentrations over the United States (US) in 2016. We evaluate the simulations with in situ measurements from a national monitoring network. Our base case simulation broadly reproduces the observed morning peak, afternoon dip and evening peak of PM2.5, matching the timings of these features within 1–3 hours. However, the simulated PM2.5 diel amplitude in our base case was 105 % biased high relative to observations. We find that temporal resolution of emissions, differences in vertical representativeness between model and observations, as well as boundary layer mixing are the major causes for this inconsistency. We applied an hourly anthropogenic emission inventory and converted the PM2.5 masses from model level center to the height of surface measurements by correcting for aerodynamic resistance. The biases in the PM2.5 diel amplitude were reduced to 25 % in the improved simulation and the timing of diel variations were better captured. In addition, notable sensitivity of the simulated diel amplitude of PM2.5 (8 %) on the boundary layer height in the driving met fields were identified. Based on the improved model, we find that the diel variation in PM2.5 is driven by 1) building up of PM2.5 in early morning due to increasing anthropogenic emissions into a shallow mixed layer, 2) decreasing PM2.5 from mid-morning through afternoon associated with mixed layer growth, 3) increasing PM2.5 from mid-afternoon though evening as emissions persist into a collapsing mixed layer, and 4) decreasing PM2.5 overnight as emissions diminish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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10. Interpreting the Ultraviolet Aerosol Index Observed with the OMI Satellite Instrument to Understand Absorption by Organic Aerosols: Implications for Atmospheric Oxidation and Direct Radiative Effects

Author: Hammer, Melanie S, Martin, Randall V, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Buchard, Virginie, Torres, Omar, Ridley, David A, and Spurr, Robert J. D
Subjects: Environment Pollution
Abstract: Satellite observations of the ultraviolet aerosol index (UVAI) are sensitive to absorption of solar radiation by aerosols; this absorption affects photolysis frequencies and radiative forcing. We develop a global simulation of the UVAI using the 3-D chemical transport model GEOSChem coupled with the Vector Linearized Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (VLIDORT). The simulation is applied to interpret UVAI observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the year 2007. Simulated and observed values are highly consistent in regions where mineral dust dominates the UVAI, but a large negative bias (-0.32 to -0.97) exists between simulated and observed values in biomass burning regions. We determine effective optical properties for absorbing organic aerosol, known as brown carbon (BrC), and implement them into GEOS-Chem to better represent observed UVAI values over biomass burning regions. The inclusion of absorbing BrC decreases the mean bias between simulated and OMI UVAI values from -0.57 to -0.09 over West Africa in January, from -0.32 to +0.0002 over South Asia in April, from -0.97 to -0.22 over southern Africa in July, and from -0.50 to +0.33 over South America in September. The spectral dependence of absorption after including BrC in the model is broadly consistent with reported observations for biomass burning aerosol, with absorbing Angstrom exponent (AAE) values ranging from 2.9 in the ultraviolet (UV) to 1.3 across the UV-Near IR spectrum. We assess the effect of the additional UV absorption by BrC on atmospheric photochemistry by examining tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations in GEOS-Chem. The inclusion of BrC decreases OH by up to 30% over South America in September, up to 20% over southern Africa in July, and up to 15% over other biomass burning regions. Global annual mean OH concentrations in GEOS-Chem decrease due to the presence of absorbing BrC, increasing the methyl chloroform lifetime from 5.62 to 5.68 years, thus reducing the bias against observed values. We calculate the direct radiative effect (DRE) of BrC using GEOS-Chem coupled with the radiative transfer model RRTMG (GC-RT). Treating organic aerosol as containing more strongly absorbing BrC changes the global annual mean all-sky top of atmosphere (TOA) DRE by +0.03Wm(exp -2) and all-sky surface DRE by -0.08Wm(exp -2). Regional changes of up to +0.3Wm(exp -2) at TOA and down to -1.5Wm(exp -2) at the surface are found over major biomass burning regions.
Published: 2016
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11. Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: a Canadian national-level cohort study

Author: Crouse, Dan L., Peters, Paul A., Donkelaar, Aaron van, Goldberg, Mark S., Villeneuve, Paul J., Brion, Orly, Khan, Saeeda, Atari, Dominic Odwa, Jerrett, Michael, Pope, Arden C., III, Brauer, Michael, Brook, Jeffrey R., Martin, Randall V., Stieb, David, and Burnett, Richard T.
Subjects: Mortality -- Research -- Canada, Particles -- Health aspects -- Environmental aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Few cohort studies have evaluated the risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to line particulate matter [ [less than or equal to] 2.5 [micro] m in aerodynamic diameter [...]
Published: 2012

12. Creating national air pollution models for population exposure assessment in Canada

Author: Hystad, Perry, Setton, Eleanor, Cervantes, Alejandro, Poplawski, Karla, Deschenes, Steeve, Brauer, Michael, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Lamsal, Lok, Martin, Randall, Jerrett, Michael, and Demers, Paul
Subjects: Pollutants -- Health aspects -- Research, Epidemiology -- Research, Air pollution -- Health aspects -- Research, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Population exposure assessment methods that capture local-scale pollutant variability are needed for large-scale epidemiological studies and surveillance, policy, and regulatory purposes. Currently, such exposure methods are limited. METHODS: We [...]
Published: 2011

13. Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Risk of Weight Gain and Obesity in United States Veterans: An Observational Cohort Study

Author: Bowe, Benjamin, primary, Gibson, Andrew K., additional, Xie, Yan, additional, Yan, Yan, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, and Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional
Published: 2021
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14. Global Urban Temporal Trends in Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) and Attributable Health Burdens

Author: Southerland, Veronica, primary, Brauer, Michael, additional, Mohegh, Arash, additional, Hammer, Melanie, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Apte, Joshua S., additional, and Anenberg, Susan C., additional
Published: 2021
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15. Fine Particulate Matter Constituents and Infant Mortality in Africa: A Multi-Country Study

Author: Bachwenkizi, Jovine, primary, Liu, Cong, additional, Meng, Xia, additional, Zhang, Lina, additional, Wang, Weidong, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Chen, Renjie, additional, and Kan, Haidong, additional
Published: 2021
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16. Long-term exposure to iron and copper in fine particulate air pollution and their combined impact on reactive oxygen species concentration in lung fluid: a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in Toronto, Canada

Author: Zhang, Zilong, primary, Weichenthal, Scott, additional, Kwong, Jeffrey C, additional, Burnett, Richard T, additional, Hatzopoulou, Marianne, additional, Jerrett, Michael, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Bai, Li, additional, Martin, Randall V, additional, Copes, Ray, additional, Lu, Hong, additional, Lakey, Pascale, additional, Shiraiwa, Manabu, additional, and Chen, Hong, additional
Published: 2020
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17. Fine particular matter and its constituents in air pollution and gestational diabetes mellitus

Author: Yu, Guoqi, primary, Ao, Junjie, additional, Cai, Jing, additional, Luo, Zhongcheng, additional, Martin, Randall, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Kan, Haidong, additional, and Zhang, Jun, additional
Published: 2020
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18. Monthly Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter and Their Uncertainty.

Author: Donkelaar, Aaron van, Hammer, Melanie S., Bindle, Liam, Brauer, Michael, Brook, Jeffery R., Garay, Michael J., Christina Hsu, N., Kalashnikova, Olga V., Kahn, Ralph A., Lee, Colin, Levy, Robert C., Lyapustin, Alexei, Sayer, Andrew M., and Martin, Randall V.
Published: 2021
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19. he Growth of Nations Revisited: Global Environmental Accounting from 1998 to 2018.

Author: Mohan, Aniruddh, Muller, Nicholas Z., Thyagarajan, Akshay, Martin, Randall V., Hammer, Melanie S., and Donkelaar, Aaron van
Published: 2020

20. Evaluation of Maternal Exposure to PM2.5 and Its Components on Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Function and Birth Weight: A Cohort Study

Author: Wang, Xu, primary, Liu, Cong, additional, Zhang, Mingzhi, additional, Han, Yingying, additional, Aase, Heidi, additional, Villanger, Gro Dehli, additional, Myhre, Oddvar, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Baines, Erica Anne, additional, Chen, Renjie, additional, Kan, Haidong, additional, and Xia, Yankai, additional
Published: 2019
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21. Long-term exposure to iron and copper in fine particulate air pollution and their combined impact on reactive oxygen species concentration in lung fluid: a population-based cohort study of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality in Toronto, Canada.

Author: Zhang, Zilong, Weichenthal, Scott, Kwong, Jeffrey C, Burnett, Richard T, Hatzopoulou, Marianne, Jerrett, Michael, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Bai, Li, Martin, Randall V, Copes, Ray, Lu, Hong, Lakey, Pascale, Shiraiwa, Manabu, and Chen, Hong
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality, AIR pollution, COPPER, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, MYOCARDIAL infarction, DISEASE incidence, IRON alloys, PARTICULATE matter, RESEARCH, IRON, LUNGS, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, REACTIVE oxygen species, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract: Background: Exposure to fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD), but less is known about its specific components, such as metals originating from non-tailpipe emissions. We investigated the associations of long-term exposure to metal components [iron (Fe) and copper (Cu)] in PM2.5 with CVD incidence.Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study in Toronto, Canada. Exposures to Fe and Cu in PM2.5 and their combined impact on the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung fluid were estimated using land use regression models. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF) and CVD death was ascertained using health administrative datasets. We used mixed-effects Cox regression models to examine the associations between the exposures and health outcomes. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted, including indirect adjustment for individual-level cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. smoking), and adjustment for PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).Results: In single-pollutant models, we found positive associations between the three exposures and all three outcomes, with the strongest associations detected for the estimated ROS. The associations of AMI and CHF were sensitive to indirect adjustment, but remained robust for CVD death in all sensitivity analyses. In multi-pollutant models, the associations of the three exposures generally remained unaltered. Interestingly, adjustment for ROS did not substantially change the associations between PM2.5 and CVD, but attenuated the associations of NO2.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to Fe and Cu in PM2.5 and their combined impact on ROS were consistently associated with increased CVD death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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22. The role of cardiovascular disease in the relationship between air pollution and incident dementia: a population-based cohort study.

Author: Ilango, Sindana D, Chen, Hong, Hystad, Perry, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Kwong, Jeffrey C, Tu, Karen, Martin, Randall V, Benmarhnia, Tarik, and van Donkelaar, Aaron
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, DEMENTIA, POLLUTION, COHORT analysis, PARTICULATE matter, AIR pollution, OLDER people, DIAGNOSIS of dementia, PUBLIC health surveillance, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, EVALUATION research, MEDICAL cooperation, SURVEYS, COMPARATIVE studies, RESEARCH funding, OZONE, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract: Background: Evidence suggests a link between air pollution and dementia. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be a potential determinant of dementia. This motivated us to quantify the contribution of CVD to the association between air pollution and dementia.Methods: A cohort of Canadian-born residents of Ontario, who participated in the 1996-2003 Canadian Community Health Surveys, was followed through 2013 or until dementia diagnosis. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was estimated with a 3-year average and 5-year lag before dementia diagnosis. Incident CVD was evaluated as a mediator. We used multi-level Cox proportional and Aalen additive hazard regression models, adjusting for individual- and neighbourhood-level risk factors to estimate associations with NO2 and PM2.5. We estimated the total, direct and indirect effects of air pollution on dementia through cardiovascular disease.Results: This study included 34 391 older adults. At baseline, the mean age of this cohort was 59 years. The risk of dementia was moderately higher among those more exposed to NO2 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.19; and 100 additional cases per 100 000 [standard error (SE) <100x10-5]) and PM2.5 [(HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.99-1.64; 200 additional cases per 100 000] [SE 100x10-5]) after adjusting for covariates; however, these estimates are imprecise. A greater proportion of the relationship between PM2.5 and dementia was mediated through CVD than NO2 for both scales.Conclusions: These results suggest some of the association between air pollution and dementia is mediated through CVD, indicating that improving cardiovascular health may prevent dementia in areas with higher exposure to air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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23. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansari, Hossein, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G.Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Ballew, Shoshana H., Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Batis, Carolina, Battle, Katherine E., Baumgarner, Blair R., Baune, Bernhard T., Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing Yi, Charlson, Fiona J, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Comfort, Haley, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Sarah, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia e.Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Kairsten, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C., Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Ghajar, Alireza, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Jingwen, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Hoek, Hans W, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. 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Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lee, Paul H., Lee, Alexander, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, Chabila C., Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John W, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B.M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B.V., Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mullany, Erin C, Muller, Kate, Murray, Christopher J L, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh Hao, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., PA, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C., Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H.A., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J.D., 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Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansari, Hossein, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G.Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Ballew, Shoshana H., Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Batis, Carolina, Battle, Katherine E., Baumgarner, Blair R., Baune, Bernhard T., Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, 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Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Sarah, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia e.Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Kairsten, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C., Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Ghajar, Alireza, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Jingwen, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Hoek, Hans W, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jackson, Maria Delores, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johansson, Lars R.K., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Jun Y., Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lee, Paul H., Lee, Alexander, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, 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Abstract: Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. Findings Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men were
Published: 2017

24. Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S014067361732336X) (10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X))

Author: Fullman, N, Barber, R, Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, R, Abdulle, A, Abera, S, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Adedeji, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M, Aichour, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemi, R, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alasfoor, D, Alene, K, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Ansari, H, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asayesh, H, Asgedom, S, Assadi, R, Atey, T, Atre, S, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, M, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barrero, L, Basu, S, Battle, K, Baune, B, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Béjot, Y, Bell, M, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Betsu, B, 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Abstract: GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1423–59—The full-text version of this Article has been updated so that the list of authors is displayed in the correct order, in line with the pdf version, rather than in alphabetical order. This correction has been made to the online version as of Oct 12, 2017.
Published: 2017

25. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), dIRAS RA-2, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansari, Hossein, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G.Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Ballew, Shoshana H., Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Batis, Carolina, Battle, Katherine E., Baumgarner, Blair R., Baune, Bernhard T., Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing Yi, Charlson, Fiona J, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Comfort, Haley, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Sarah, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia e.Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Kairsten, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C., Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Ghajar, Alireza, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Jingwen, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Hoek, Hans W, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jackson, Maria Delores, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johansson, Lars R.K., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Jun Y., Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lee, Paul H., Lee, Alexander, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, Chabila C., Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John W, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B.M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B.V., Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mullany, Erin C, Muller, Kate, Murray, Christopher J L, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh Hao, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., PA, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C., Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M., Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shaddick, Gavin, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Smith, David L., Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H.A., Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Subart, Michelle, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sur, Patrick J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Szoeke, Cassandra E.I., Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tandon, Nikhil, Tanner, Marcel, Tarekegn, Yihunie L., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesssema, Belay, Thakur, J. S., Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew M., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thrift, Amanda G, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Tollanes, Mette C., Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Boven, Job F.M., Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi J, Veerman, Lennert J, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Yuan Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zimsen, Stephanie Raman M., Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, LS IRAS EEPI EXAS (Arb.hyg+bl.st.kar.), dIRAS RA-2, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abera, Semaw Ferede, Aboyans, Victor, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M E, Abyu, Gebre Yitayih, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Ansari, Hossein, Antó, Josep M., Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G.Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Azzopardi, Peter, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Ballew, Shoshana H., Barac, Aleksandra, Barber, Ryan M, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barregard, Lars, Barrero, Lope H, Batis, Carolina, Battle, Katherine E., Baumgarner, Blair R., Baune, Bernhard T., Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhansali, Anil, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Blosser, Christopher D., Boneya, Dube Jara, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Brenner, Hermann, Brugha, Traolach S, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing Yi, Charlson, Fiona J, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J, Comfort, Haley, Cooper, Cyrus, Coresh, Josef, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Criqui, Michael H, Crump, John A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, das Neves, José, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Deribe, Kebede, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Duncan, Sarah, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia e.Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fay, Kairsten, Feigin, Valery L, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C., Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Ganji, Morsaleh, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Ghajar, Alireza, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Graetz, Nicholas, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Jingwen, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Gutiérrez, Reyna A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Handal, Alexis J., Hankey, Graeme J., Hanson, Sarah Wulf, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hernandez, Julio Cesar Montañez, Hoek, Hans W, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Ibrahim, Norlinah Mohamed, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jackson, Maria Delores, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Johansson, Lars R.K., Johnson, Catherine O., Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Jun Y., Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A., Kivimaki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J., Kromhout, Hans, Kumar, G Anil, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lee, Paul H., Lee, Alexander, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Levy, Teresa Shamah, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katherine J., Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Mapoma, Chabila C., Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Matzopoulos, Richard, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John W, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B.M., Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B.V., Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D., Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O, Mullany, Erin C, Muller, Kate, Murray, Christopher J L, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh Hao, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N., Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R., Olsen, Helen E., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Owolabi, Mayowa O., PA, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana E., Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C., Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A., Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin A., Polinder, Suzanne, Popova, Svetlana, Poulton, Richie G., Pourmalek, Farshad, Prasad, Narayan, Purcell, Carrie, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Rawaf, Salman, Rehm, Colin D., Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa B., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam, Rezaei, Satar, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rivera, Juan A., Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Roman, Yesenia, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rushton, Lesley, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahathevan, Ramesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, Santomauro, Damian, 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S., Thamsuwan, Ornwipa, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Theis, Andrew M., Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomson, Alan J., Thrift, Amanda G, Tillmann, Taavi, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tobollik, Myriam, Tollanes, Mette C., Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Touvier, Mathilde, Tran, Bach Xuan, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Boven, Job F.M., Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi J, Veerman, Lennert J, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Yuan Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J., Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woodbrook, Rachel, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zimsen, Stephanie Raman M., Zipkin, Ben, and Zodpey, Sanjay
Published: 2017

26. Erratum: Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (The Lancet (2017) 390(10100) (1423–1459) (S014067361732336X) (10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32336-X))

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Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bannick, Marlena S, Barac, Aleksandra, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barrero, Lope H, Basu, Sanjay, Battle, Katherine E, Baune, Bernhard T, Beardsley, Justin, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michelle L, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Beuran, Mircea, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhansali, Anil, Bhatt, Samir, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, Bikbov, Boris, Bilal, Arebu I, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Blosser, Christopher D, Boneya, Dube Jara, Bose, Dipan, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Brauer, Michael, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brugha, Traolach S, Bulto, Lemma Negesa Bulto, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cameron, Ewan, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Carabin, Hélène, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carter, Austin, Casey, Daniel C, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castro, Ruben Estanislao, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Charlson, Fiona J, Chew, Adrienne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Cirillo, Massimo, Cooper, Cyrus, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crump, John A, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, das Neves, José, Davitoiu, Dragos V, de Courten, Barbora, De Steur, Hans, Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Degenhardt, Louisa, Deiparine, Selina, Deribe, Kebede, deVeber, Gabrielle A, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Dorsey, E Ray, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Ebel, Beth E, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Erskine, Holly E, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, João C, Ferrari, Alize J, Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frank, Tahvi, Franklin, Richard C, Friedman, Joseph, Frostad, Joseph J, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, Joao M, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geleto, Ayele, Gemechu, Bikila Lencha, Gething, Peter W, Gibney, Katherine B, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gillum, Richard F, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Glenn, Scott D, Godwin, William W, Goldberg, Ellen M, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Griswold, Max, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W, Holmberg, Mollie, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Huang, John J, Huang, Hsiang, Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ikeda, Chad, Inoue, Manami, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jauregui, Alejandra, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine O, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kamal, Ritul, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kelbore, Sefonias Getachew, Kemmer, Laura, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young-Ho, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Jun Y, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A, Kivimaki, Mika, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar Lal, Dharmesh, Kutz, Michael J, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Looker, Katharine J, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manguerra, Helena, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Marks, Guy B, Martin, Randall V, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGaughey, Madeline, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Meier, Toni, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Mensah, George A, Mensink, Gert B M, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Shiva Raj, Mitchell, Philip B, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Kedir Endris, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Murali B V, Mokdad, Ali H, Mollenkopf, Sarah K, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Montico, Marcella, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark W, Mountjoy-Venning, Cliff, Mueller, Ulrich O, Muller, Kate, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naidoo, Kovin S, Nangia, Vinay, Natarajan, Gopalakrishnan, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nomura, Marika, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Alberto, Owolabi, Mayowa O, PA, Mahesh, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Papachristou, Christina, Park, Eun-Kee, Patton, George C, Paulson, Katherine, Pereira, David M, Perico, David Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Piradov, Michael A, Pishgar, Farhad, Poulton, Richie G, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajsic, Sasa, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C, Rawaf, Salman, Reidy, Patrick, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nikolas, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Roba, Kedir Teji, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A, Roy, Ambuj, Rubagotti, Enrico, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Salama, Joseph, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schneider, Matthew T, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsipour, Mansour, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shields, Chloe, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirude, Shreya, Shishani, Kawkab, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Slepak, Erica Leigh, Sligar, Amber, Smith, David L, Smith, Alison, Smith, Mari, Sobaih, Badr H A, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soljak, Michael, Soneji, Samir, Sorensen, Reed J D, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Strub, Bryan, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tandon, Nikhil, Tao, Tianchan, Tarekegn, Yihunie L, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thakur, J. S., Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thrift, Amanda G, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tuzcu, Emin Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wadilo, Fiseha, Wakayo, Tolassa, Wallin, Mitchell T, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Weichenthal, Scott, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D A, Woodbrook, Rachel, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Ye, Pengpeng, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zhang, Xueying, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S, and Murray, Christopher J L
Abstract: GBD 2016 SDG Collaborators. Measuring progress and projecting attainment on the basis of past trends of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017; 390: 1423–59—The full-text version of this Article has been updated so that the list of authors is displayed in the correct order, in line with the pdf version, rather than in alphabetical order. This correction has been made to the online version as of Oct 12, 2017.
Published: 2017

27. Additional file 1:Figure S1. of Risk estimates of mortality attributed to low concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter in the Canadian community health survey cohort

Author: Pinault, Lauren, Tjepkema, Michael, Crouse, Daniel, Weichenthal, Scott, Donkelaar, Aaron Van, Martin, Randall, Brauer, Michael, Chen, Hong, and Burnett, Richard
Subjects: body regions, nervous system, fungi
Abstract: Selection of Study Cohort.(PDF 88Â kb)
Published: 2016
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28. Development of West-European PM2.5 and NO2 land use regression models incorporating satellite-derived and chemical transport modelling data

Author: de Hoogh, Kees, Gulliver, John, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V, Marshall, Julian D, Bechle, Matthew J, Cesaroni, Giulia, Pradas, Marta Cirach, Dedele, Audrius, Eeftens, Marloes, Forsberg, Bertil, Galassi, Claudia, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Katsouyanni, Klea, Korek, Michal, Künzli, Nino, Lindley, Sarah J, Lepeule, Johanna, Meleux, Frederik, de Nazelle, Audrey, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Nystad, Wenche, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Peters, Annette, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Rouil, Laurence, Udvardy, Orsolya, Slama, Rémy, Stempfelet, Morgane, Stephanou, Euripides G, Tsai, Ming Y, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Brunekreef, Bert, Vienneau, Danielle, Hoek, Gerard, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Risk Assessment, Imperial College London, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde] (ENVS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, and Risk Assessment
Subjects: Fine particulate matter, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical transport model, Meteorology, Air pollution, nitrogendioxide, 010501 environmental sciences, Land use regression, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Exposure, PM10, AREAS, ABSORBENCY, High spatial resolution, EXPOSURE, Nitrogen dioxide, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, fine particulatematter, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, Spatial modelling, ESCAPE PROJECT, Regression analysis, AIR-POLLUTION, 15. Life on land, EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT, PMCOARSE, Ground level, AIR POLLUTION, SPATIAL MODELLING, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Spatial variability, FINE PARTICULATE MATTER, AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH, Scale (map), MACC REANALYSIS
Abstract: Satellite-derived (SAT) and chemical transport model (CTM) estimates of PM2.5 and NO2 are increasingly used in combination with Land Use Regression (LUR) models. We aimed to compare the contribution of SAT and CTM data to the performance of LUR PM2.5 and NO2 models for Europe.Four sets of models, all including local traffic and land use variables, were compared (LUR without SAT or CTM, with SAT only, with CTM only, and with both SAT and CTM). LUR models were developed using two monitoring data sets: PM2.5 and NO2 ground level measurements from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and from the European AIRBASE network.LUR PM2.5 models including SAT and SAT+CTM explained similar to 60% of spatial variation in measured PM2.5 concentrations, substantially more than the LUR model without SAT and CTM (adjR(2): 0.33-0.38). For NO2 CTM improved prediction modestly (adjR2: 0.58) compared to models without SAT and CTM (adjR2: 0.47-0.51). Both monitoring networks are capable of producing models explaining the spatial variance over a large study area.SAT and CTM estimates of PM2.5 and NO2 significantly improved the performance of high spatial resolution LUR models at the European scale for use in large epidemiological studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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29. Associations between fine particulate matter and mortality in the 2001 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort

Author: Pinault, Lauren L., primary, Weichenthal, Scott, additional, Crouse, Daniel L., additional, Brauer, Michael, additional, Erickson, Anders, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Hystad, Perry, additional, Chen, Hong, additional, Finès, Philippe, additional, Brook, Jeffrey R., additional, Tjepkema, Michael, additional, and Burnett, Richard T., additional
Published: 2017
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30. Evaluation of Maternal Exposure to PM2.5 and Its Components on Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Function and Birth Weight: A Cohort Study.

Author: Wang, Xu, Liu, Cong, Zhang, Mingzhi, Han, Yingying, Aase, Heidi, Villanger, Gro Dehli, Myhre, Oddvar, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V., Baines, Erica Anne, Chen, Renjie, Kan, Haidong, and Xia, Yankai
Subjects: BIRTH weight, MATERNAL exposure, COHORT analysis, PREGNANT women, ATMOSPHERIC composition
Abstract: Background: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is an environmental risk to public health. The prevalence of thyroid disease during pregnancy has increased rapidly in recent decades, but the available data on the relationships among air pollution, thyroid function, and birth outcomes in pregnant women, particularly in China, are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and its components and maternal and neonatal thyroid function and to investigate whether thyroid function acts as a mediator between air pollution and birth weight. Methods: In this prospective birth cohort study, the levels of maternal exposure to PM2.5 and its components during the first trimester were assessed in 433 pregnant women in Nanjing, China, enrolled during 2014–2015. We evaluated the levels of maternal exposure to PM2.5 and its six main constituents—organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), and soil dust—using the V4.CH.02 product of the Dalhousie University Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group. The maternal serum-free thyroxine (fT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels during the second trimester were measured through electrochemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays. The neonatal TSH levels were detected using an AutoDELFIA Neonatal TSH kit within 72 hours after birth, and the birth weight Z-score of each newborn was estimated. Results: Higher exposure to maternal PM2.5 and some components (BC and NH4+) decreased the maternal fT4 level (p < 0.05), and the birth weight Z-score was decreased (p < 0.05) by higher exposure to maternal PM2.5 and some components (OM, BC, NO3−, and NH4+). A mediation analysis clarified that the maternal fT4 levels explained 15.9%, 18.4%, and 20.9% of the associations of maternal PM2.5, BC, and NH4+ exposure with the birth weight Z-score, respectively (p < 0.05). After additional sensitivity analyses including only nonpreterm participants (n = 418) and non-TPOAb-positive participants (n = 415), the models remained stable. Conclusions: Our results suggest an inverse association between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and its components and the maternal fT4 levels. Maternal fT4 might act as a mediator between exposure to PM2.5 and its components and birth weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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31. Associations of Long-Term Exposure to Ultrafine Particles and Nitrogen Dioxide With Increased Incidence of Congestive Heart Failure and Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Author: Bai, Li, Weichenthal, Scott, Kwong, Jeffrey C, Burnett, Richard T, Hatzopoulou, Marianne, Jerrett, Michael, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V, Ryswyk, Keith Van, Lu, Hong, Kopp, Alexander, and Chen, Hong
Subjects: MYOCARDIAL infarction risk factors, PREVENTION of obesity, SMOKING prevention, HEART failure risk factors, CONFIDENCE intervals, LONGITUDINAL method, NITROGEN oxides, REGRESSION analysis, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, PARTICULATE matter, DISEASE incidence, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, ACUTE diseases, ODDS ratio
Abstract: Although long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide has been linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, little is known about the association between ultrafine particles (UFPs), defined as particles less than or equal to 0.1 μm in diameter, and incidence of major CVD events. We conducted a population-based cohort study to assess the associations of chronic exposure to UFPs and nitrogen dioxide with incident congestive heart failure (CHF) and acute myocardial infarction. Our study population comprised all long-term Canadian residents aged 30–100 years who lived in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, during the years 1996–2012. We estimated annual concentrations of UFPs and nitrogen dioxide by means of land-use regression models and assigned these estimates to participants' postal-code addresses in each year during the follow-up period. We estimated hazard ratios for the associations of UFPs and nitrogen dioxide with incident CVD using random-effects Cox proportional hazards models. We controlled for smoking and obesity using an indirect adjustment method. Our cohorts comprised approximately 1.1 million individuals at baseline. In single-pollutant models, each interquartile-range increase in UFP exposure was associated with increased incidence of CHF (hazard ratio for an interquartile-range increase (HRIQR) = 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 1.05) and acute myocardial infarction (HRIQR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07). Adjustment for fine particles and nitrogen dioxide did not materially change these estimated associations. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide was also independently associated with higher CHF incidence (HRIQR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.06). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2019
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32. Effects of ambient air pollution on incident Parkinson's disease in Ontario, 2001 to 2013: a population-based cohort study.

Author: Shin, Saeha, Burnett, Richard T, Kwong, Jeffrey C, Hystad, Perry, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Brook, Jeffrey R, Copes, Ray, Tu, Karen, Goldberg, Mark S, Villeneuve, Paul J, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Martin, Randall V, Murray, Brian J, Wilton, Andrew S, Kopp, Alexander, and Chen, Hong
Subjects: PARKINSON'S disease, PUBLIC health, AIR pollution, BRAIN diseases, POLLUTION
Abstract: Background: Despite recent studies linking air pollution to neurodegenerative illness, evidence relating air pollution and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains scarce. We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, to determine the association between air pollution and incident PD.Methods: Using health administrative databases, we identified all adults aged 55-85 years, free of PD, and who lived in Ontario on 1 April 2001 (∼2.2 million). Individuals were followed up until 31 March 2013. We derived long-term average exposures to fine particulate matter (particles ≤2.5 µm in diameter, or PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone from satellite-based estimates, land-use regression models and optimal interpolation methods, respectively. Using 2-year lags in exposures, we linked these estimates to individuals' annual postal codes from 1994 (7 years before cohort inception). We applied spatial random-effects Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for individual- and area-level characteristics. We also performed sensitivity analyses, such as considering longer lags in exposures and stratifying by selected characteristics.Results: During the study period, we identified 38 745 newly diagnosed cases of PD. Each interquartile increment (3.8 µg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with a 4% increase in incident PD (95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.08) after adjusting for various covariates. We also found positive associations for NO2 and ozone [hazard ratios (HRs) ranged from 1.03 to 1.04]. The associations for all exposures were unaltered with various sensitivity analyses except for considering longer lags, which somewhat attenuated the estimates, particularly for NO2 and ozone.Conclusions: Exposure to air pollution, especially PM2.5, was found to be related to incident PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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33. Development of West-European PM2.5 and NO2 land use regression models incorporating satellite-derived and chemical transport modelling data

Author: dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Risk Assessment, de Hoogh, Kees, Gulliver, John, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V, Marshall, Julian D, Bechle, Matthew J, Cesaroni, Giulia, Pradas, Marta Cirach, Dedele, Audrius, Eeftens, Marloes, Forsberg, Bertil, Galassi, Claudia, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Katsouyanni, Klea, Korek, Michal, Künzli, Nino, Lindley, Sarah J, Lepeule, Johanna, Meleux, Frederik, de Nazelle, Audrey, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Nystad, Wenche, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Peters, Annette, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Rouil, Laurence, Udvardy, Orsolya, Slama, Rémy, Stempfelet, Morgane, Stephanou, Euripides G, Tsai, Ming Y, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Brunekreef, Bert, Vienneau, Danielle, Hoek, Gerard, dIRAS RA-2, dIRAS RA-I&I RA, Risk Assessment, de Hoogh, Kees, Gulliver, John, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V, Marshall, Julian D, Bechle, Matthew J, Cesaroni, Giulia, Pradas, Marta Cirach, Dedele, Audrius, Eeftens, Marloes, Forsberg, Bertil, Galassi, Claudia, Heinrich, Joachim, Hoffmann, Barbara, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, Katsouyanni, Klea, Korek, Michal, Künzli, Nino, Lindley, Sarah J, Lepeule, Johanna, Meleux, Frederik, de Nazelle, Audrey, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Nystad, Wenche, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, Peters, Annette, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, Rouil, Laurence, Udvardy, Orsolya, Slama, Rémy, Stempfelet, Morgane, Stephanou, Euripides G, Tsai, Ming Y, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, Weinmayr, Gudrun, Brunekreef, Bert, Vienneau, Danielle, and Hoek, Gerard
Published: 2016

34. Development of West-European PM 2.5 and NO 2 land use regression models incorporating satellite-derived and chemical transport modelling data

Author: de Hoogh, Kees, primary, Gulliver, John, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Marshall, Julian D., additional, Bechle, Matthew J., additional, Cesaroni, Giulia, additional, Pradas, Marta Cirach, additional, Dedele, Audrius, additional, Eeftens, Marloes, additional, Forsberg, Bertil, additional, Galassi, Claudia, additional, Heinrich, Joachim, additional, Hoffmann, Barbara, additional, Jacquemin, Bénédicte, additional, Katsouyanni, Klea, additional, Korek, Michal, additional, Künzli, Nino, additional, Lindley, Sarah J., additional, Lepeule, Johanna, additional, Meleux, Frederik, additional, de Nazelle, Audrey, additional, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, additional, Nystad, Wenche, additional, Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole, additional, Peters, Annette, additional, Peuch, Vincent-Henri, additional, Rouil, Laurence, additional, Udvardy, Orsolya, additional, Slama, Rémy, additional, Stempfelet, Morgane, additional, Stephanou, Euripides G., additional, Tsai, Ming Y., additional, Yli-Tuomi, Tarja, additional, Weinmayr, Gudrun, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, Vienneau, Danielle, additional, and Hoek, Gerard, additional
Published: 2016
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35. Response of Global Particulate-Matter-Related Mortality to Changes in Local Precursor Emissions

Author: Lee, Colin J., primary, Martin, Randall V., additional, Henze, Daven K., additional, Brauer, Michael, additional, Cohen, Aaron, additional, and Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional
Published: 2015
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36. Comparing the Health Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter Estimated Using Ground-Based versus Remote Sensing Exposure Estimates.

Author: Jerrett, Michael, Turner, Michelle C., Beckerman, Bernardo S., III, C. Arden Pope, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V., Serre, Marc, Crouse, Dan, Gapstur, Susan M., Krewski, Daniel, Diver, W. Ryan, Coogan, Patricia F., Thurston, George D., and Burnett, Richard T.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality, CONFIDENCE intervals, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, GEOGRAPHIC information systems, REGRESSION analysis, RESEARCH funding, PARTICULATE matter, RELATIVE medical risk, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, DATA analysis software, STATISTICAL models, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Remote sensing (RS) is increasingly used for exposure assessment in epidemiological and burden of disease studies, including those investigating whether chronic exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM[sub 2.5]) is associated with mortality. OBJECTIVES: We compared relative risk estimates of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system for PM[sub 2.5] modeled from RS with that for PM[sub 2.5] modeled using ground-level information. METHODS: We geocoded the baseline residence of 668,629 American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) cohort participants followed from 1982 to 2004 and assigned PM[sub 2.5] levels to all participants using seven different exposure models. Most of the exposure models were averaged for the years 2002-2004, and one RS estimate was for a longer, contemporaneous period. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) for the association of PM[sub 2.5] with circulatory mortality and ischemic heart disease. RESULTS: Estimates of mortality risk differed among exposure models. The smallest relative risk was observed for the RS estimates that excluded ground-based monitors for circulatory deaths [RR = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.04 per 10 μg/m[sup 3] increment in PM[sub 2.5]]. The largest relative risk was observed for the land-use regression model that included traffic information (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.17 per 10 μg/m[sup 3] increment in PM[sub 2.5]). CONCLUSIONS: We found significant associations between PM[sub 2.5] and mortality in every model; however, relative risks estimated from exposure models using ground-based information were generally larger than those estimated using RS alone. CITATION: Jerrett M, Turner MC, Beckerman BS, Pope CA III, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Serre M, Crouse D, Gapstur SM, Krewski D, Diver WR, Coogan PF, Thurston GD, Burnett RT. 2017. Comparing the health effects of ambient particulate matter estimated using ground-based versus remote sensing exposure estimates. Environ Health Perspect 125:552-559; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/EHP575 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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37. Associations of Pregnancy Outcomes and PM2.5 in a National Canadian Study.

Author: Stieb, David M., Chen, Li, Beckerman, Bernardo S., Jerrett, Michael, Crouse, Daniel L., Omariba, D. Walter Rasugu, Peters, Paul A., Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V., Burnett, Richard T., Gilbert, Nicolas L., Tjepkema, Michael, Liu, Shiliang, and Dugandzic, Rose M.
Subjects: METROPOLITAN areas, ALGORITHMS, BIRTH size, BIRTH weight, LOW birth weight, CONFIDENCE intervals, PREMATURE infants, EVALUATION of medical care, PREGNANCY, RESEARCH funding, RURAL conditions, PARTICULATE matter, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have examined associations between air pollution and pregnancy outcomes, but most have been restricted to urban populations living near monitors. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between pregnancy outcomes and fine particulate matter in a large national study including urban and rural areas. METHODS: Analyses were based on approximately 3 million singleton live births in Canada between 1999 and 2008. Exposures to PM2.5 (particles of median aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) were assigned by mapping the mother's postal code to a monthly surface based on a national land use regression model that incorporated observations from fixed-site monitoring stations and satellite-derived estimates of PM2.5. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between PM2.5 and preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks), term low birth weight (< 2,500 g), small for gestational age (SGA; < 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age), and term birth weight, adjusting for individual covariates and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: In fully adjusted models, a 10-µg/m³ increase in PM2.5 over the entire pregnancy was associated with SGA (odds ratio = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.07) and reduced term birth weight (-20.5g; 95% CI -24.7, -16.4). Associations varied across subgroups based on maternal place of birth and period (1999-2003 vs. 2004-2008). CONCLUSIONS: This study, based on approximately 3 million births across Canada and employing PM2.5 estimates from a national spatiotemporal model, provides further evidence linking PM2.5 and pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2016
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38. Abstract 9454: Risk of Incident Hypertension in Relation to Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution in Ontario, Canada

Author: Chen, Hong, primary, Copes, Ray, additional, Burnett, Richard T, additional, Kwong, Jeff, additional, Villeneuve, Paul J, additional, Goldberg, Mark S, additional, Brook, Robert D, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron van, additional, Jerrett, Michael, additional, Martin, Randall V, additional, and Brook, Jeffrey R, additional
Published: 2012
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39. Ambient PM2.5, O3, and NO2 Exposures and Associations with Mortality over 16 Years of Follow-Up in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC).

Author: Crouse, Dan L., Peters, Paul A., Hystad, Perry, Brook, Jeffrey R., Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V., Villeneuve, Paul J., Jerrett, Michael, Goldberg, Mark S., Pope III, C. Arden, Brauer, Michael, Brook, Robert D., Robichaud, Alain, Menard, Richard, and Burnett, Richard T.
Subjects: AIR pollution, CHRONIC diseases, CONFIDENCE intervals, CAUSES of death, ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, GEOGRAPHIC information systems, LONGITUDINAL method, NITROGEN oxides, OZONE, PROBABILITY theory, REGRESSION analysis, RESEARCH, MATHEMATICAL variables, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, PARTICULATE matter, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, DATA analysis software, STATISTICAL models, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies examining the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality have considered multiple pollutants when assessing changes in exposure due to residential mobility during follow-up. OBJECTIVE: We investigated associations between cause-specific mortality and ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 µm; PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in a national cohort of about 2.5 million Canadians. METHODS: We assigned estimates of annual concentrations of these pollutants to the residential postal codes of subjects for each year during 16 years of follow-up. Historical tax data allowed us to track subjects' residential postal code annually. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for each pollutant separately and adjusted for the other pollutants. We also estimated the product of the three HRs as a measure of the cumulative association with mortality for several causes of death for an increment of the mean minus the 5th percentile of each pollutant: 5.0 µg/m³ for PM2.5, 9.5 ppb for O3, and 8.1 ppb for NO2. RESULTS: PM2.5, O3, and NO2 were associated with nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality in single-pollutant models. Exposure to PM2.5 alone was not sufficient to fully characterize the toxicity of the atmospheric mix or to fully explain the risk of mortality associated with exposure to ambient pollution. Assuming additive associations, the estimated HR for nonaccidental mortality corresponding to a change in exposure from the mean to the 5th percentile for all three pollutants together was 1.075 (95% CI: 1.067, 1.084). Accounting for residential mobility had only a limited impact on the association between mortality and PM2.5 and O3, but increased associations with NO2. CONCLUSIONS: In this large, national-level cohort, we found positive associations between several common causes of death and exposure to PM2.5, O3, and NO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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40. Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter: Association with Nonaccidental and Cardiovascular Mortality in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort.

Author: Weichenthal, Scott, Villeneuve, Paul J., Burnett, Richard T., Donkelaar, Aaron van, Martin, Randall V., Jones, Rena R., DellaValle, Curt T., Sandler, Dale P., Ward, Mary H., and Hoppin, Jane A.
Subjects: CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality, AGRICULTURAL laborers, CONFIDENCE intervals, QUESTIONNAIRES, RESEARCH funding, SEX distribution, PARTICULATE matter, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM[sub 2.5]) and nonaccidental mortality in rural populations. OBJECTIVE: We examined the relationship between PM[sub 2.5 ]and nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the U.S. Agricultural Health Study cohort. METHODS: The cohort (n = 83,378) included farmers, their spouses, and commercial pesticide applicators residing primarily in Iowa and North Carolina. Deaths occurring between enrollment (1993-1997) and 30 December 2009 were identified by record linkage. Six-year average (2001-2006) remote-sensing derived estimates of PM[sub 2.5 ]were assigned to participants' residences at enrollment, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) in relation to a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM[sub 2.5 ]adjusted for individual-level covariates. RESULTS: In total, 5,931 nonaccidental and 1,967 cardiovascular deaths occurred over a median follow-up time of 13.9 years. PM[sub 2.5 ]was not associated with nonaccidental mortality in the cohort as a whole (HR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.20), but consistent inverse relationships were observed among women. Positive associations were observed between ambient PM[sub 2.5 ]and cardiovascular mortality among men, and these associations were strongest among men who did not move from their enrollment address (HR = 1.63; 95% 0.94, 2.84). In particular, cardiovascular mortality risk in men was significantly increased when analyses were limited to nonmoving participants with the most precise exposure geocoding (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36). CONCLUSIONS: Rural PM[sub 2.5 ]may be associated with cardiovascular mortality in men; however, similar associations were not observed among women. Further evaluation is required to explore these sex differences. CITATION: Weichenthal S, Villeneuve PJ, Burnett RT, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Jones RR, DellaValle CT, Sandler DP, Ward MH, Hoppin JA. 2014. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter: association with nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 122:609-615; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307277 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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41. Outdoor Air Pollution, Preterm Birth, and Low Birth Weight: Analysis of the World Health Organization Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health.

Author: Fleischer, Nancy L., Merialdi, Mario, Donkelaar, Aaron van, Vadillo-Ortega, Felipe, Martin, Randall V., Betran, Ana Pilar, Souza, Joao Paulo, and O'Neill, Marie S.
Subjects: AIR pollution, LOW birth weight, CONFIDENCE intervals, EPIDEMIOLOGY, PREMATURE infants, MATERNAL health services, MEDICAL cooperation, PEDIATRICS, RESEARCH, RESEARCH funding, STATISTICAL sampling, DATA analysis, PARTICULATE matter, CROSS-sectional method, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaling fine particles (particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, and may contribute to onset of preterm labor and other adverse perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether outdoor PM2.5 was associated with adverse birth outcomes among 22 countries in the World Health Organization Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health from 2004 through 2008. METHODS: Long-term average (2001–2006) estimates of outdoor PM2.5 were assigned to 50‑km–radius circular buffers around each health clinic where births occurred. We used generalized estimating equations to determine associations between clinic-level PM2.5 levels and preterm birth and low birth weight at the individual level, adjusting for seasonality and potential confounders at individual, clinic, and country levels. Country-specific associations were also investigated. RESULTS: Across all countries, adjusting for seasonality, PM2.5 was not associated with preterm birth, but was associated with low birth weight [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.39 for fourth quartile of PM2.5 (> 20.2 μg/m3) compared with the first quartile (< 6.3 μg/m3)]. In China, the country with the largest PM2.5 range, preterm birth and low birth weight both were associated with the highest quartile of PM2.5 only, which suggests a possible threshold effect (OR = 2.54; CI: 1.42, 4.55 and OR = 1.99; CI: 1.06, 3.72 for preterm birth and low birth weight, respectively, for PM2.5 ≥ 36.5 μg/m3 compared with PM2.5 < 12.5 μg/m3). CONCLUSIONS: Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were associated with low birth weight but not preterm birth. In rapidly developing countries, such as China, the highest levels of air pollution may be of concern for both outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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42. Satellite-based Estimates of Ambient Air Pollution and Global Variations in Childhood Asthma Prevalence.

Author: Anderson, H. Ross, Butland, Barbara K., Donkelaar, Aaron van, Brauer, Michael, Strachan, David P., Clayton, Tadd, Dingenen, Rita van, Amann, Marcus, Brunekreef, Bert, Cohen, Aaron, Dentener, Frank, Lai, Christopher, Lamsal, Lok N., and Martin, Randall V.
Subjects: AIR pollution, ASTHMA, CHI-squared test, CONFIDENCE intervals, STATISTICAL correlation, MEDICAL cooperation, NITROGEN compounds, OZONE, QUESTIONNAIRES, REGRESSION analysis, RESEARCH, STATISTICS, DATA analysis, SECONDARY analysis, PARTICULATE matter, DISEASE prevalence, CROSS-sectional method, DATA analysis software, STATISTICAL models, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract: Background: The effect of ambient air pollution on global variations and trends in asthma prevalence is unclear. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate community-level associations between asthma prevalence data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and satellite-based estimates of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and modelled estimates of ozone. Methods: We assigned satellite-based estimates of PM2.5 and NO2 at a spatial resolution of 0.1° x 0.1° and modeled estimates of ozone at a resolution of 1° x 1° to 183 ISAAC centers. We used center-level prevalence of severe asthma as the outcome and multilevel models to adjust for gross national income (GNI) and center- and country-level sex, climate, and population density. We examined associations (adjusting for GNI) between air pollution and asthma prevalence over time in centers with data from ISAAC Phase One (mid-1900s) and Phase Three (2001-2003). Results: For the 13- to 14-year age group (128 centers in 28 countries), the estimated average within-country change in center-level asthma prevalence per 100 children per 10% increase in center-level PM2.5 and NO2 was -0.043 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.139, 0.053] and 0.017 (95% CI: -0.030, 0.064) respectively. For ozone the estimated change in prevalence per parts per billion by volume was -0.116 (95% CI: -0.234, 0.001). Equivalent results for the 6- to 7-year age group (83 centers in 20 countries), though slightly different, were not significantly positive. For the 13- to 14-year age group, change in center-level asthma prevalence over time per 100 children per 10% increase in PM2.5 from Phase One to Phase Three was -0.139 (95% CI: -0.347, 0.068). The corresponding association with ozone (per ppbV) was -0.171 (95% CI: -0.275, -0.067). Conclusion: In contrast to reports from within-community studies of individuals exposed to traffic pollution, we did not find evidence of a positive association between ambient air pollution and asthma prevalence as measured at the community level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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43. Evaluation of Maternal Exposure to PM 2.5 and Its Components on Maternal and Neonatal Thyroid Function and Birth Weight: A Cohort Study.

Author: Wang X, Liu C, Zhang M, Han Y, Aase H, Villanger GD, Myhre O, Donkelaar AV, Martin RV, Baines EA, Chen R, Kan H, and Xia Y
Subjects: Adult, Ammonium Compounds, Carbon, China, Dust, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Nitrates, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Prospective Studies, Sulfates, Autoantibodies immunology, Birth Weight, Iodide Peroxidase immunology, Maternal Exposure, Particulate Matter, Thyrotropin blood, Thyroxine blood
Abstract: Background: Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is an environmental risk to public health. The prevalence of thyroid disease during pregnancy has increased rapidly in recent decades, but the available data on the relationships among air pollution, thyroid function, and birth outcomes in pregnant women, particularly in China, are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the association between maternal exposure to PM 2.5 and its components and maternal and neonatal thyroid function and to investigate whether thyroid function acts as a mediator between air pollution and birth weight. Methods: In this prospective birth cohort study, the levels of maternal exposure to PM 2.5 and its components during the first trimester were assessed in 433 pregnant women in Nanjing, China, enrolled during 2014-2015. We evaluated the levels of maternal exposure to PM 2.5 and its six main constituents-organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO 4 2- ), nitrate (NO 3 - ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), and soil dust-using the V4.CH.02 product of the Dalhousie University Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group. The maternal serum-free thyroxine (fT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels during the second trimester were measured through electrochemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays. The neonatal TSH levels were detected using an AutoDELFIA Neonatal TSH kit within 72 hours after birth, and the birth weight Z-score of each newborn was estimated. Results: Higher exposure to maternal PM 2.5 and some components (BC and NH 4 + ) decreased the maternal fT4 level ( p < 0.05), and the birth weight Z-score was decreased ( p < 0.05) by higher exposure to maternal PM 2.5 and some components (OM, BC, NO 3 - , and NH 4 + ). A mediation analysis clarified that the maternal fT4 levels explained 15.9%, 18.4%, and 20.9% of the associations of maternal PM 2.5 , BC, and NH 4 + exposure with the birth weight Z-score, respectively ( p < 0.05). After additional sensitivity analyses including only nonpreterm participants ( n = 418) and non-TPOAb-positive participants ( n = 415), the models remained stable. Conclusions: Our results suggest an inverse association between maternal exposure to PM 2.5 and its components and the maternal fT4 levels. Maternal fT4 might act as a mediator between exposure to PM 2.5 and its components and birth weight.
Published: 2019
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