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Abstract Objective Observe the influence of oral nutritional agents rich in soluble dietary (enteral nutritional suspension [TPF‐DM]) on intestinal flora of elderly male subjects with malnutrition. Method Seventy‐eight subjects with good nutrition were considered as the healthy control group. Twenty‐eight male subjects who had malnutrition and were older than 70 years were included and randomly divided into the short‐term (3 months) intervention group (n = 20) and the long‐term (12 months) group (n = 8). They were provided with enteral nutritional suspension (TPF‐DM) 500 mL/day or maximum tolerance dose, so as to observe the changes in nutrition‐related indexes and intestinal flora after the elderly take enteral nutritional suspension (TPF‐DM). Results (1) For elderly male subjects with malnutrition, their body weight, body mass index, hemoglobin, total protein, and albumin were significantly lower than the control group with favorable nutrition. (2) There were obvious differences in intestinal flora between healthy elderly male subjects and those with malnutrition. After the treatment of enteral nutritional suspension (TPF‐DM), intestinal flora of the malnourished elderly subjects showed recovery toward the healthy elderly subjects. The obvious gradient changes of the flora were mainly in the bacteroidetes, firmicutes, and proteobacteria phyla, and the relative abundance of CAG2 clusters in the malnourished group was higher than that in the healthy control group, and the relative abundance decreased after long‐term treatment, and the change approached the healthy control group. The relative abundance of CAG3 and CAG6 clusters in the malnourished group was lower than that in the healthy control group, and the relative abundance increased after long‐term treatment, and the change approached the healthy control group. Conclusion Malnutrition has obvious impact on intestinal flora of the elderly. Enteral nutritional suspension (TPF‐DM) not only prevents the further decline in the state of nutrition but also helps the recovery in intestinal flora of the elderly. Long‐term application can produce better effects.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of liraglutide or lifestyle interventions combined with other antidiabetic drugs on glucose metabolism and abdominal fat distribution in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsFrom April 30, 2020, to April 30, 2022, a prospective randomized controlled study was carried out at the Endocrinology Department of Beijing Hospital, the National Center of Gerontology. According to the in- and exclusion criteria and by the random table method, revisited T2DM patients were selected as the research subjects and were allocated into a Study group (taking liraglutide) and a Control group (underwent lifestyle interventions). All patients received continuous 12-weeks interventions to the endpoint, and the changes of value [Δ=(endpoint)-(baseline)] of physical measurements, blood tests, the energy spectrum CT examination results, and body composition analysis results were analyzed and compared.ResultsA total of 85 people completed this study, and among them, 47 were in the Study group and 38 were in the Control group. Compared with the Control group, the changes of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level (-0.78 ± 1.03% vs. -1.57 ± 2.00%, P=0.025), visceral fat area (0.91 ± 16.59 cm2 vs. -7.1 ± 10.17 cm2, P=0.011), and subcutaneous fat area of abdomen [0 (-18.75, 15.5) cm2 vs. -16.5 (-41.75, -2.25) cm2, P=0.014] were all greater in the Study group. The adverse events caused by liraglutide were mainly concentrated in the gastrointestinal system and all of them were minor adverse events.ConclusionLiraglutide can be the drug of choice for weight management and reduction of abdominal fat distribution in patients with obesity and T2DM.

The absorption of needle-free fast-acting insulin injected into different body parts of healthy male subjects was studied in an attempt to provide clinical guidance for diabetic patients who take needle-free insulin injections in terms of providing reference in the clinical guidance regarding the correct use of needle-free insulin injections among diabetic patients. This randomized, open-label, cross-over trial was conducted on eight healthy adult male volunteers, in which the skin thickness at three injection sites (abdomen, upper arm, and thigh), the time to peak, peak rate, and area under the glucose infusion rate (GIR) curve of plasma insulin were measured through the hyperinsulin-normal glucose clamp test after the injection of insulin aspart with a needle-free syringe at three different sites to analyze the correlation between insulin absorption index at different injection sites and skin thickness. The values of the skin thickness of the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh measured by ultrasonic wave were 2.45 ± 0.34 mm, 2.18 ± 0.50 mm, and 1.93 ± 0.55 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the skin thickness of the abdomen and thigh (P = 0.014). The hyperinsulin-normal glucose clamp model was successfully established for each subject. Approximately 0–2 h after injection of insulin aspart with needle-free syringes, the area under the GIR-time curve of the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh was 29,400.75 ± 2,645.00 ml, 30,230.50 ± 4,937.87 ml, and 30,179.63 ± 6,188.57 ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in the area under the GIR curve between any two injection sites (P >0.05). The time to peak of GIR at different injection sites was 38.68 ± 13.57 min in the abdomen, 40.86 ± 12.70 min in the upper arm, and 37.03 ± 13.29 min in the thigh, respectively, in which no significant difference was found between each of them (P >0.05). The GIR curve after injection at the three different sites was consistent with each other. There was no significant difference in insulin absorption after the injection of insulin aspartate into the abdomen, upper arm, and thigh with a needleless syringe in healthy male adult volunteers, and there was no correlation between skin thickness at the injection site and insulin absorption. Injection sites did not affect the absorption of insulin in needle-free injections.

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship among Rac1 expression and activation, oxidative stress and β cell dysfunction in obesity. Methods: In vivo, serum levels of glucose, insulin, oxidative stress markers and Rac1 expression were compared between ob/ob mice and C57BL/6J controls. Then, these variables were rechecked after the administration of the specific Rac1 inhibitor-NSC23766 in ob/ob mice. In vitro, NIT-1 β cells were cultured in a hyperglycemic and/or hyperlipidemic state with or without NSC23766, and the differences of Rac1 expression and translocation, NADPH oxidase(Nox) enzyme activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and insulin mRNA were observed. Results: ob/ob mice displayed abnormal glycometabolism, oxidative stress and excessive expression of Rac1 in the pancreas. NSC23766 injection inhibited the expression of Rac1 in the pancreas, along with amelioration of oxidative stress and glycometabolism in obese mice. Under hyperglycemic and/or hyperlipidemic conditions, Rac1 translocated to the cellular membrane, induced activation of the NADPH oxidase enzyme and oxidative stress, and simultaneously reduced the insulin mRNA expression in NIT-1 β cells. Inhibiting Rac1 activity could alleviate oxidative stress and meliorate the decline of insulin mRNA in β cells. Conclusions: Rac1 might contribute to oxidative stress systemically and locally in the pancreas in obesity. The excessive activation and expression of Rac1 in obesity were associated with β cell dysfunction through ROS production.

[Objectives] To investigate the removal effect of nitrifying bacteria on ammonia nitrogen in water. [Methods] In this experiment, the treated water (referred to as raw water hereinafter) from the Changping Town Qiaoli Water Treatment Project in Dongguan City of Guangdong Province was used as the experimental water body, and the nitrifying bacteria liquid used in the project was taken as the experimental material, to explore the removal effect of the nitrifying bacteria liquid on the ammonia nitrogen in the water body. [Results] Under the condition that other variables remain unchanged, the more the amount of nitrifying bacteria liquid added, the higher the removal efficiency of nitrifying bacteria liquid; under the same conditions, the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen in a stirred water body is better than that in an unstirred water body; the removal effect of ammonia nitrogen in a water body with bio-media/carriers is better than that without bio-media/carriers. [Conclusions] Nitrifying bacteria have a better removal effect on the ammonia nitrogen in the water body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soil heavy metals (Hg and As) in Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing City were determined by AFS200T atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the soil environment in Duanzhou District was evaluated by several evaluation methods of soil heavy metal pollution, such as single factor index method, pollution load index method and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method. Finally, according to the data and conclusions, the soil pollution situation in Duanzhou District of Zhaoqing was analyzed. The results will let more people pay attention to the changes of the environment and realize the harm of the environment, and the government can formulate a new plan conducive to the coordinated development of the environment and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Town Planning Board of Zhaoqing passed the Planning and Design of Xiawan Urban Wetland Park in Zhaoqing City in 2012, and Xiawan Reservoir, located at the junction of Duanzhou District and Dinghu District, would be built into a wetland park at that time. To understand water quality status near the wetland park, according to relevant requirements of the Technic Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment# Surface Water Environment (HJ/T 2.3 -93), the Environmental Quality .Standards for S^ace Water (GB 3838 -2002), and the Technic SpecCTcation for Environmental Monitoring issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration, Xiawan Reservoir, Houlichong and the Xijiang River were investigated, monitored and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to such ecological problems as the pollution of the water system, the unreasonable structure of the upstream Basin and the insufficient water conservation forests, the Xizhi River Basin also faces human decision-making problems such as imperfect ecological com pensation mechanism. In view of the above problems, using the DPSIR model (Drivers, Pressures, States, Impacts, Responses), this paper analyzed eucalyptus forest in Xizhi River Basin to assess the security of the Xizhi River ecological Basin, and finally concluded that the ecologi cal status of Xizhi River Basin remains safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]