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Purpose Study on the internal legalization process of strategic change for a large number of ultra-large enterprises in China. Design/methodology/approach This paper takes formulation process of Suning Appliance Group’s 10-year strategy (2010–2020) as the research case, designs the research issues, propositions and analysis unit of the case study, and uses the data collection and analysis methods in the grounded theory to realize the theoretical development from data to viewpoint conceptualizing and to proposition categorizing. Findings There are four key concepts that affect the judgment of overall strategic legitimacy of super-large enterprises: Emerging-market opportunities and strategic operational positioning, legitimacy perspective mainly manifests as legitimacy judgment of strategic direction within organization. Positioning of core resources (including intangible resources) and their value identification methods or value evaluation criteria, the legitimacy perspective is mainly reflected in the organization's internal legitimacy judgment of functional planning, especially implementation path. The impact factors of the key performance of each SBU are positioned, and the legitimacy perspective is mainly reflected in the organization’s internal judgment on the legitimacy of strategic supporting measures, especially the resources needed for the implementation of the strategy and capacity development. The periodical strategic objectives and performance measurement indicators of each SBU are mainly reflected in the organization’s internal legitimacy judgment on strategic alignment and specific action plans for strategic operational units. The legitimacy of these four key concepts is strongly influenced by the rationality of these strategic concepts, which are closely related to their shaping patterns driven by right-brain and left-brain thinking modes. Research limitations/implications This case is a longitudinal study of the strategic decision-making process, not a longitudinal follow-up of the actual implementation of the strategy. In addition, given that the case enterprise was facing the emerging market at that time and focused on pushing firms to seize opportunities, not much research has been done on the impact of external legitimacy on the strategic formulation process, a variable that is increasingly being focused on today. Practical implications This model has guidance significance and practical demonstration role for a large number of enterprises that are implementing the “+Internet” strategic change under traditional offline operation. Social implications According to the summary of the connection between data and propositions in several rounds, this paper constructs a theoretical model of left and right brain thinking mode driving key concepts to achieve the internal legalization process of strategic changes. Originality/value In the analysis process, the legalization theory and the sense-making method are introduced into enterprises’ strategy making process. Based on this analysis framework, this paper analyzes in detail that the top decision-making level and the middle and high executive level form key strategic concepts to promote the internal legalization process of strategic decision-making driven by the right-brain intuitive thinking mode and the left-brain rational thinking mode, which greatly improves the quality of strategy formulation and the operability of strategy implementation.

Two different SO4-free tooeleite were prepared for the first time through structural substitution for SO4 group by As(V) and As(III). As(III)-tooeleite and As(V)-tooeleite have similar crystalline structure to SO4-tooeleite but incorporate different anions in the interlayer space. The removal of As can reach 94% by forming SO4-free tooeleite crystals, and As leaching in TCLP tests can be much lower than that of SO4-tooeleite. Therefore, SO4-free tooeleite crystals are of great potential in As removal and immobilization. Moreover, our study indicates the different affinities of Fe(III) towards As(III), As(V) and SO4, which can explain that a) the coordination structure of As(III)-tooeleite is much closer to the ideal crystal structure but easily affected by As(V) and SO4 group; b) tooeleite mineral found in natural environments is commonly a SO4-containing mineral and associated with scorodite due to the abundance of As(V) and SO4 group.

Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), a kind of small and non-coding RNA, can target the downstream molecules. Increasing evidence demonstrates that miRNAs meditate the onset and progression of a variety of tumors. In the present study, we carried out gene transfection, western blot, and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) to explore the role of miR-22 in glioblastoma tissues and cell lines. Here, we verified that the expression of miR-22 was downregulated in glioblastoma tissues and cells rather than matched non-tumor tissues and normal human astrocyte (NHA) cells (p

With the change in global climate and environment, water scarcity has been of great concern around the word and exacerbated by serious pollution in water resources. Pollutants accumulated in sediments are threatening water safety and ecological security. Different from others focusing on prevalent heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Hg, etc.), in this study, some unheeded metal pollutants Tl, Sb, Mo, Sr, Co, V, Ti, Ca, Mg, Be and Li were monitored in sediments of the Xiangjiang River, China. It was found that there was no remarkable vertical variation with depth, but the seasonal characteristics of Tl, Sb, Mo, Be and Li. The enrichment, pollution and potential ecological risk of Tl, Sb and Mo were revealed by the enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLIsite and PLIzone) and potential ecological risk index (RI). It is noticed that the pollution of Tl mainly occurred in summer at midstream and downstream and Mo pollution was much higher than Sb in summer and the reverse in other seasons. Additionally, sediment quality on east side was worse than on west side in Songbai section of the Xiangjiang River. For the first time, the toxic-response factor was figured out as Mo = 18, Tl = 17, Sb = 13, Sr = 6, Co = Be = 1, V = Li = 0, and importantly, the high potential ecological risk of Tl, Sb and Mo needs to be taken seriously for the comprehensive assessment on watershed environmental quality.

Two different SO

This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-423-5p on the sensitivity of glioma stem cells to apigenin and to explore the potential mechanism. Previous research indicated that apigenin can effectively inhibit the proliferation of many cancer cells, including glioma cells, though our data unexpectedly showed that apigenin had no effect on glioma stem cell apoptosis. As many studies have reported that malignant transformation and progression of glioma are due to glioma stem cells, an anti-glioma stem cell approach has become an important direction for glioma treatment. In this study, we found miR-423-5p to be overexpressed in glioma tissues and corresponding glioma stem cells. Downregulation of miR-423-5p repressed glioma stem cell growth but did not cause apoptosis. Based on the concept of "Pharmaco-miR," this study further demonstrated that the combination of miR-423-5p knockdown and apigenin had a notable additive effect on inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis in glioma stem cells. Hoechst staining showed higher apoptosis rates and typical apoptotic morphological changes of the cell nucleus, and JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimi-dazolylcarbocya-nine iodide) staining revealed reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Further research demonstrated that the mechanism is associated with a shift in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, an increased cytochrome c level, Apaf-1 induction, and caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, this study indicates that downregulation of miR-423-5p enhances the sensitivity of glioma stem cells to apigenin through the mitochondrial pathway.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for treating glioblastomas. However, resistance develops quickly with a high frequency. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) causing resistance to drug therapy were considered to be one of key factors. The mechanisms underlying GSCs resistance to TMZ are not fully understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged to play important roles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Previous study showed that miR-125b was necessary for GSCs fission and for making stem cells insensitive to chemotherapy. Thus, exploring the functions and mechanisms of miR-125b action on TMZ-treated GSCs would be valuable. In this study, we found that miR-125b was up-regulated in TMZ-resistant cells, inhibition of which caused a marked increase of TMZ-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis and a subsequent decrease in the resistance to TMZ in GSCs. Moreover, we demonstrated that the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 antagonist killer 1 (Bak1) was a direct target of miR-125b. Down-regulation of Bak1 inhibited TMZ-induced apoptosis and led to an increased resistance to TMZ. Restoring Bak1 expression recovered TMZ sensitivity on GSCs. Taken together; our data strongly support an important role for miR-125b on conferring TMZ resistance through targeting Bak1 expression.

Endonasal transphenoidal approach by neuroendoscopy has its own advantage, such as direct access, invasive, better visualization of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm and so on. The study is to provide anatomical knowledge for anterior communicating artery aneurysm surgery by endonasal transphenoidal approach with neuroendoscopy. Take 10 skull base specimens, observe and measure the anatomical structures around anterior communicating artery. Take 10 cadaveric heads, simulate the anterior communicating artery aneurysm surgery with neuroendoscopy by endonasal transphenoidal approach. Find the natural opening of sphenoid sinus, then open the skull base, expand bone window in anterior skull base. After that, cut off the dura, find the optic nerve, optic chiasm, cisterna lamina terminalis, anterior cerebral artery, a portion of frontal lobe, anterior communicating artery complex and its important branches, such as heubner artery, hypothalamic artery, orbitofrontal artery and so on. Lift up anterior communicating artery complex and seperate arachnoid in cisterna lamina terminalis, the lamina terminalis is exposed. Block bilateral A1 of anterior cerebral artery with aneurysm clip, the anterior communicating artery complex and its important branches are in view, so we can clip anterior communicating artery aneurysm safely. Anterior communicating artery aneurysm surgery can be finished with neuroendoscopy by endonasal transphenoidal approach. The vital structures can be clearly observed with neuroendoscopy. The rhombus anatomic region formed by bilateral olfactory nerve and optic nerve is a safe surgical area. According to the calculation, the safe surgical area is about 161.48 ± 12.78 mm2. Measure the distance between the important anatomic structures in the rhombus anatomic region. By means of SPSS 17 Statistical analysis software, the measuring distance is expressed with (x ± S)mm. The anterior communicating aneurysm surgery by endonasal transphenoidal approach with neuroendoscopy has its own advantage, such as direct access, minimally invasive, less bleeding, light pain, quick recovery, better visualization of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm and so on. This operation approach needs further study and exploration to clinical application, in order to become a mature approach of anterior communicating artery aneurysm surgery.

Meningiomas, one of the most common benign brain tumors in humans, arise from arachnoid cells in the brain meninges. Our investigations have revealed that miR-335 is a typical microRNA overexpressed in meningiomas in humans. Characterization of the effects of miR-335 overexpression in meningiomas demonstrated that elevated levels of miR-335 increased cell growth and inhibited cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in vitro; in addition, reduction of the miR-335 levels had the opposite effect on tumor growth and progression. Further, previous studies have shown that the mechanism of effect of miR-335 on the proliferation of meningioma cells is associated with alterations in the expression of human retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1). Our results indicate that miR-335 plays an essential role in the proliferation of meningioma cells by directly targeting the Rb1 signaling pathway. Thus, our results highlight a novel molecular interaction between miR-335 and Rb1, and miR-335 may represent a potential novel therapeutic agent to target the proliferation of meningioma cells.

MicroRNA (miR)-125b has been shown to play a potential role in the development of glioma stem cells. However, the relationship between miRNA and glioma stem cells is still elusive. This study was designed to elucidate this potential relationship. We established a highly invasive glioma stem cell and progenitor (GSCP) cell line SU3. SU3 cell suspensions were injected into nude mice brains in situ, and the invasiveness of graft tumors was analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as immunohistochemistry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the expression levels of miR-125b in SU3 and other cells. In vitro, SU3 cells expressed CD133 and nestin as well as differentiation markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and β-tubulin III, which were consistent with the characteristics of glioma stem cells. Scratch assays indicated that the migration ability of SU3 cells was stronger than that of U251 stem cells (U251s). In vivo, SU3 cells invaded into each part of the mouse brain from the caudate nucleus in a diffuse pattern and highly expressed invasive and proliferative cell markers matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2), MMP9, and Ki-67. Real-time PCR results revealed that the levels of miR-125b and MMP9 were significantly higher in SU3 and SU2, also a highly invasive GSCP cell line we established before, than in U251s. High expression of miR-125b both in newly established GSCPs, SU3, and long-term cultured GSCPs, SU2 suggests that miR-125b exhibits oncogene-like behavior. This behavior should be considered in further studies of miR-125b in cancer stem cells. Furthermore, MMP9, which plays a role in cancer stem cell invasion, may be a target gene of miR-125b.

Objective This study was performed to investigate the method of cranioplasty in patients with abnormal bone window pressure after decompressive craniectomy. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis for 25 cases after decompressive craniectomy in patients with abnormal flap pressure of clinical data. Results Flap pressure increased in 15 cases, including 6 cases of hydrocephalus, 5 cases of contralateral subdural effusion, 2 cases of subdural effusion bone window, 2 cases of bone window cystic encephalomalacia communicating with the ventricle; Flap pressure decreased in 10 cases, including 6 cases of hydrocephalus after ventriculoperitoneal shunt, and 4 cases of low intracranial pressure. ALL of patients were treated by appropriate measures to make the operation smoothly. Conclusion Our data suggest that after analysis of the factors for abnormal bone window flap pressure by decompressive craniectomy and symptomatic treatment, the difficulty of operation and operative complications can be reduced.

To discuss the feasibility of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in the nasal septum median path.(1) Sixty adult cadaveric heads fixed with formalin were CT scanned,and were three dimensional reconstruction. (2) Thirty adult cadaveric heads were sawn along the sagittal line close to the side of the nasal septum, then the important anatomic marks were observed and measured. (3) Combined with CT and anatomical data, thirty adult cadaveric heads were operated in different degree, and the damage of nasal septum and fila olfactoria were detected in the same time.(1) The roots of middle nasal concha were simulated in the endoscopic frontal sinus surgery. The operation time, operative procedures, markers foundation, endoscopic back of posterior border of frontal sinus foundation and attached to the symphysis with cribriform plate and the top of ethmoidal sinus were recorded. (2) The intersection point formed by the level of middle nasal concha and the vertical of middle nasal concha corresponded with the nasal septum was called the M point. The distance from the M point to the horizon of the nasal bone was (20.07 +/- 6.21) mm, the distance from the M point to the first fila olfactoria was (24.38 +/- 7.68) mm, the distance from the first fila olfactoria to the posterior edge of frontal sinus was (9.57 +/- 2.73) mm, the distance from the root of the middle nasal concha to posterior edge of frontal sinus was (5.38 +/- 1.23) mm, the anteroposterior diameter of frontal sinus fundus was (7.62 +/- 2.45) mm, the transverse diameter of frontal sinus fundus was (9.41 +/- 3.37) mm, the seesaw diameter of frontal sinus partition was (16.97 +/- 3.23) mm, the anteroposterior diameter of frontal sinus partition was (12.34 +/- 2.23) mm. (3) The operation time through the nasal septum path was 105 minutes which combined with CT and anatomical measurements. 0 degrees endoscopy could be used to observe the frontal part of the lateral, posterior and top wall, while nasal septum remove should be finished with 30 degree endoscopy. The bottom of frontal sinus can be exposed and removed with 0 degree endoscopy. 3 cases of cadaveric frontal sinus lateral wall can not be observed with 70 degree endoscopy. 30 cases of cadaveric frontal sinus,some of the top and the lateral wall, anterior and posterior wall could be observed with 70 degree endoscopy, nasal septum damage range was about 2.23 cm x 2.59 cm, and no fila olfactoria damage was found.Endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in the nasal septum median path is a good way to find frontal sinus.

Packet classification on multiple header fields is one of the basic techniques used in network devices such as routers and firewalls, and usually the most computation intensive task among others. To determine what action needs to be taken to a packet, a network device responsible for packet classification must identify the packet's property, such as associated packet flow, based on multiple fields of its header. Fast packet classification on multiple fields is known to be difficult mathematically and expensive practically. In this paper, we describe and discuss a fast packet classification algorithm using a multiple stage reduction scheme similar to the previously well-known recursive flow classification (RFC) algorithm. The proposed hierarchical space mapping (HSM) algorithm requires much less memory usage than RFC while keeps average search time on the same order. HSM has been proved to be very effective with commercial products in real networks.