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Preclinical and clinical studies have suggested a neuroprotective effect of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC), which involves repeated occlusion/release cycles on bilateral upper limb arteries; however, robust evidence in patients with ischemic stroke is lacking.To assess the efficacy of RIC for acute moderate ischemic stroke.This multicenter, open-label, blinded-end point, randomized clinical trial including 1893 patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke was conducted at 55 hospitals in China from December 26, 2018, through January 19, 2021, and the date of final follow-up was April 19, 2021.Eligible patients were randomly assigned within 48 hours after symptom onset to receive treatment with RIC (using a pneumatic electronic device and consisting of 5 cycles of cuff inflation for 5 minutes and deflation for 5 minutes to the bilateral upper limbs to 200 mm Hg) for 10 to 14 days as an adjunct to guideline-based treatment (n = 922) or guideline-based treatment alone (n = 971).The primary end point was excellent functional outcome at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1. All end points had blinded assessment and were analyzed on a full analysis set.Among 1893 eligible patients with acute moderate ischemic stroke who were randomized (mean [SD] age, 65 [10.3] years; 606 women [34.1%]), 1776 (93.8%) completed the trial. The number with excellent functional outcome at 90 days was 582 (67.4%) in the RIC group and 566 (62.0%) in the control group (risk difference, 5.4% [95% CI, 1.0%-9.9%]; odds ratio, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.05-1.54]; P = .02). The proportion of patients with any adverse events was 6.8% (59/863) in the RIC group and 5.6% (51/913) in the control group.Among adults with acute moderate ischemic stroke, treatment with remote ischemic conditioning compared with usual care significantly increased the likelihood of excellent neurologic function at 90 days. However, these findings require replication in another trial before concluding efficacy for this intervention.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03740971.

The reduction of hippocampal volume remains controversial in depression because of the variability among individuals in clinical studies. Here, a reliable experimental rat model of depression, established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), was used. Thirty rats were randomly divided into two groups (CUMS group and control group). Hippocampal volume was dynamically measured every 2 weeks in a 56-day chronic stress procedure using structural magnetic resonance imaging, and the correlation between the hippocampal volume and the learning and memory changes was investigated. Our results demonstrated that CUMS rats showed significantly smaller volumes of the bilateral hippocampus compared to that of the controls, changing dramatically with the development of CUMS procedure. The left hippocampal volume was reduced earlier and more markedly than the right one from the 2nd week to the 8th week of the CUMS procedure (on the 8th week: left: approximately 15.3 %; right: approximately 8.4 % reduction). Additionally, the hippocampal volume of CUMS rats was significantly negatively correlated with the learning and memory changes. Of note, it showed that the more obviously the hippocampal volume reduced, the more severely the learning and memory damaged. In conclusion, the hippocampal volume decreased gradually and dynamically and was correlated with the impairment of the learning and memory in depression.

Cip1-interacting zinc-finger protein1 (Ciz1) is a nuclear matrix protein associated DNA replication factor which has been implicated in breast and lung cancer progression. However, the clinical significance of Ciz1 expression in colon cancer has not been determined. This study aimed to examine Ciz1 expression pattern and its potential as a biomarker of prognosis in colon cancer. Using quantitative PCR, tissue microarray (TMA), and ELISA, we evaluated Ciz1 mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissues from patients with colon cancer and in paired adjacent normal tissues. Ciz1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in 22 of 39 paired samples ( P

Because of line-to-line inductance and capacitance, overvoltage may occur in single-phase reclosing process when breaker is reclosed on unloaded 220kV long distance transmission line. The paper establishes a model system of single generator to infinite bus power system with PSCAD simulation software, analyzes overvoltage in reclosing operation of 220kV long distance transmission line, studies the influence factors as reclosing phase angle, system equivalent impedance, transmission line parameters etc. It shows that reclosing phase angle and zero sequence line parameters have large effects to overvoltage, as the system equivalent impedance has lower effects.

In order to improve the performance of crawler paver’s traveling and reduce the paver’s straight traveling deviation, a new control plan of paver’s traveling system was proposed. In the control plan, the left wheel control method adopted velocity closed loop control in order to keep constant-speed moving of the paver. The right wheel control method adopted the series structure of fuzzy control and PID control in which the fuzzy controller slightly adjusted the right wheel set point of PID controller according to the distance difference variable and velocity difference variable of paver’s left wheel and right wheel. In the working condition of straight paving, the real time deviation correction is achieved to assure paver’s straight traveling.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of shrinking field technique after 40 Gy radiation through 18F-FDG PET/ CT during treatment for patients with stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: In 66 consecutive patients with local-advanced NSCLC, 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning was performed prior to treatment and repeated after 40 Gy. Conventionally fractionated IMRT or CRT plans to a median total dose of 66Gy (range, 60-78Gy) were generated. The target volumes were delineated in composite images of CT and PET. Plan 1 was designed for 40 Gy to the initial planning target volume (PTV) with a subsequent 20-28 Gy-boost to the shrunken PTV. Plan 2 was delivering the same dose to the initial PTV without shrinking field. Accumulated doses of normal tissues were calculated using deformable image registration during the treatment course. Results: The median GTV and PTV reduction were 35% and 30% after 40 Gy treatment. Target volume reduction was correlated with chemotherapy and sex. In plan 2, delivering the same dose to the initial PTV could have only been achieved in 10 (15.2%) patients. Significant differences (p

The large number of abandoned quarries in many countries presents challenges for restoration of these extremely degraded habitats. To understand soil and plant development in these extreme habitats at a most critical stage of restoration, we evaluated the edaphic conditions and natural vegetation of three large quarries in southern China 3, 5, and 7 years following abandonment. Although soil fertility (organic matter, and N, P, K concentrations) did not differ significantly over a few years, it was much higher than would be expected from newly weathered soil and was comparable to that of the adjacent garden soil on level ground with no slope. This suggests that soil formation on the steep slopes of quarry cliffs is a secondary migration process rather than a primary weathering process. Vegetation cover increased from 10.6 to 18.6 and 23.4%, and species abundance increased from 8 to 11 and 12 species, and from 3 to 6 and 7 families. Plant species composition changed from predominantly annual and perennial herbaceous species to a more diverse community with drought-tolerant and heliophilous shrubs. The vegetation cover was highly positively correlated with soil depth and soil volume (p < 0.001), and also significantly correlated with soil organic matter, total N, and available N and P concentrations ( p< 0.05). This suggests that vegetation succession is more limited by available soil volume than by soil fertility during the early stages of quarry restoration.

The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term effect of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) resulted from radiotherapy (RT) alone versus chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (NPC). Seventy-two patients initially diagnosed with NPC were enrolled from Shandong Tumor Hospital between March 2003 and May 2007. They were assigned into two groups: RT alone and chemoradiotherapy according to the different treatment regimens. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy was applied for both groups, concurrent and adjuvant cisplatin were administered for chemoradiotherapy group additionally. Hearing threshold test was performed at various time periods after completion of RT. Mean radiation dose to the cochlea in each ear was calculated to determine the correlation between cochlear dose and SNHL. We found that the hearing loss is more severe in the chemoradiotherapy group compared with RT group, from completion of RT up to the 5 years of follow-up period. This is especially obvious in the high frequency range. Hearing level is seriously damaged when cochlea dose exceeds 46 GY. We concluded that concurrent/adjuvant chemotherapy plus RT aggravates SNHL in NPC patients than RT alone and thus inner ear tissue tolerance should be redefined in those patients.

This paper investigates the problem of observability analysis for linear singular delta operator systems. Firstly, the delta operator model is set up for a linear singular continuous system which is obtained from a suitable discrete model of the continuous system. It is shown that when the sampling period tends to zero, the delta operator model tends to the corresponding singular continuous system. Then, based on the relation between linear singular discrete and delta operator systems, various conditions are derived to judge whether a linear singular delta operator system is observable, R-observable and V-observable or not. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the results in this paper.

This paper investigates the problems of robust admissibility analysis and robust admissible control for uncertain singular systems through delta operator method. Firstly, a necessary and sufficient LMI-based condition is derived guaranteeing the admissibility of a linear singular delta operator system. Then, based on the above result, a necessary and sufficient LMI-based condition is obtained for the robust admissibility of an uncertain singular delta operator system. Furthermore, the existence condition and explicit expression of a state feedback robust admissible controller is also given in terms of matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the results in this paper.

To explore the effects of α-linolenic acid on insulin sensitivity in obese patients.From October 2011 to April 2012, 16 patients received an oral dose of α-linolenic acid for 8 weeks.Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin releasing test were performed before and after treatment. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and area under curve of insulin (AUCI) were calculated to evaluate the insulin sensitivity. The levels of serum triglyceride, free fatty acids (FFA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured after an overnight fast.Obese patients had significantly elevated serum insulin, triglyceride, FFA, IL-6 and TNF-α versus the subjects in normal control group (all P0.05). Obese patients were also more insulin-resistant than normal subjects based on a higher HOMA-IR (P0.05). Decreased serum insulin, triglyceride, FFA, IL-6 and TNF-α were observed after treatment. With the administration of α-linolenic acid, HOMA-IR and AUCI significantly decreased in obese patients (HOMA-IR: 1.8 ± 0.2 vs 1.2 ± 0.3, P0.05; AUCI: 1151 ± 505 vs 768 ± 347, P0.05).α-linolenic acid increases peripheral insulin sensitivity in obese patients and it may aid the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic vascular diseases.

The chaotic signal has the characteristics of the low-frequency, wide spectrum and high energy, which brings great difficulty for extracting the harmonic signal in its energy accumulation area. We take independent component analysis as a framework in this paper. According to the three-dimensional chaotic dynamics system of Lorenz, we propose the steady-state point capture based on the Lyapunov exponent, and then separate blind source for Lorenz energy accumulation area of multi-frequency harmonic signal and Gaussian signal. In different separation algorithms, we respectively compare the improvement of separation performance from steady-state point capture algorithm, and also analyzes the influence of the amplitude, frequency interval of harmonic signal and noise variance on the extraction performance. Computer simulation verified that blind extraction algorithm based on the steady-state point capture can accurately extract the harmonic signal in the case of spectrum aliasing. It provides a new idea for the harmonic signal extraction from chaotic background.

In chaos secure communication system, to separate effectively chaos and harmonic signal is an important way of testing systematic confidential performance. In recent years, the time-frequency analysis theory is more and more mature, effective time-frequency analytical algorithms are emerging constantly. The paper starts with the time-frequency character analysis of the chaos, the noise and the harmonic signal, and then puts forward a new two-step extraction method of time-frequency, aiming to complement each other's advantages and mutual fusion for wavelet multi-scale decomposition and empirical mode decomposition (EMD). It also discusses the influence of the amplitude, frequency of harmonic signal and noise energy on the extraction performance. Computer simulation verified that the methods have high availability.

The most frequently used approach for representing the constitutive relations for anisotropic materials is Hill's incremental plasticity model. However, a fundamental difficulty with the use of Hill's plasticity model is the need to select a unique effective stress‐effective strain relation when none truly exists. Recently, an alternative model based upon stress invariants that does not require definition of an effective stress‐effective strain relation has been proposed. In this study, the invariant‐based model and Hill's model are implemented in a general finite element system. The invariant‐based model is reviewed and a modification is proposed that improves performance for certain multiaxial stress states. Performance of the modified invariant‐based model relative to Hill's model is measured. Comparisons are based upon finite element micromechanics analysis and experimental test results. The invariant‐based model is shown to be superior to Hill's model for a variety of uniaxial and multiaxial loading ...

In this paper, we propose a new ideas of the Simulated Annealing method to improve the execution time. SA method is an effective optimization algorithm for combinatorial problems such as a placement design for VLSI Chip, but a deficiency is the long execution time. Therefore, to improve the execution time of SA algorithm is widespread concern. In this paper, we propose a new idea TOSA that traces optimal elements to reduce ineffective select in the simulated Annealing process. We applied TOSA to the standard-cell global placement problems, premise the quality of solution and achieved more than 40 % faster time at most than those of simulated annealing.

In the smelting process of blast furnace, maintaining the temperature at an acceptable level is the key to ensure the smelting at a good level. The hot metal Silicon content is not only the indication of the blast furnace thermal state and its changes, but also the significant indicator for assessing the blast furnace's stability and the quality of iron. Therefore, as the core content of automatic control of blast furnace, it is crucial to create a model to predict Silicon content of hot metal. Using the online data of a steel company's blast furnace, a new model based on improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Back-propagation (BP) is proposed to predict Silicon content of hot metal in blast furnace. As a new bionic algorithm, the improved PSO has gained very good performance in some classical optimization problems. Its properties such as fast searching, global searching have well conquered the long convergence speed and premature problem, which are the main deficiencies of BP algorithm. Compared with pure BP algorithm and basic PSO, experimental results show the model proposed has good performance in predicting Silicon content of hot metal.

A method based on ant colony algorithm (ACA) is proposed to train weights and thresholds for Back-propagation (BP) neural network. BP algorithm has been widely used in training artificial neural network (ANN). This algorithm has many attractive features, such as adaptive learning, self-organism, and fault tolerant ability. All of them make BP one of the most successful algorithms in various fields. But, BP suffers from relatively slow convergence speed, extensive computations and possible divergence for certain conditions. As a new bionic algorithm, ACA has gained very good performance in solving traveling salesman problem (TSP) and other optimization problems. Its properties such as distributed computation, heuristic searching and robustness have well conquered the long convergence speed and premature problem, which are the main deficiencies of BP algorithm. Experiments suggest the method proposed has resolved those problems efficiently.

A new model based on improved ant colony algorithm (ACA) and Back-propagation (BP) is proposed to predict Silicon content of hot metal in blast furnace. BP algorithm has been widely used in training artificial neural network (ANN), which is an outstanding model to predict Silicon content. BP algorithm has many attractive features, such as adaptive learning, self- organism, and fault tolerant ability. All of them make BP one of the most successful algorithms in various fields. But BP suffers from relatively slow convergence speed, extensive computations and possible divergence for certain conditions. As a new bionic algorithm, the improved ACA has gained very good performance in solving traveling salesman problem (TSP) and other optimization problems. Its properties such as distributed computation, heuristic searching and robustness have well conquered the long convergence speed and premature problem, which are the main deficiencies of BP algorithm. Experiments show the model proposed has good performance in predicting Silicon content of hot metal.

To observe the anesthetic effect of combined superficial anesthesia and auricular point injection for nasal endoscopy surgery.Forty cases of grade I - II as ASA for nasal endoscopy surgery were randomly divided into a combined auricular point injection and superficial anesthesia group (group A) and a simple superficial anesthesia group (group B), 20 cases in each group. Both groups accepted superficial anesthesia 2 times on the bilateral nasal cavities with cotton pieces that was immersed in the mixed solution of 1% Tetracaine 30 mL and 0.1% Adrenaline 2 mL. In group A, bilateral auricular points of Shenmen and Waibi (externol nose) were injected with 0.1 mL Vitamin B1 solution before the superficial anesthesia. After 10 min of observation, surgery was carried out. During the surgery, the patients only accepted a small amount of vasoactive substance and Fentanyl according to the changes of patient's blood pressure, heart rate and pain feeling.The total effective rate of 90.0% in the group A was significantly better than 75.0% in the group B (P0.05). The rate of using analgetic and vasoactive substance in the group A was obviously less than that of the group B.Combined auricular point injection and superficial anesthesia has good anesthetic effect for nasal endoscopy surgery.

To prospectively analyze the correlation of MRI image characteristics with histopathological findings in pancreatic head carcinoma in vivo and ex vivo.Sixteen patients with pancreatic head carcinoma were examined by 1.5T MRI. MR sequences included pre-and post-contrast dynamic 2D FLASH T1WI, TSE T2WI + fat suppressed (FS). All fresh specimens were scanned again within an hour after resection during the Whipple procedure, and were then cut into slices along the direction of MRI scan. The MRI image characteristics were compared with gross and histopathologic findings of the specimens.The tumor size ranged from 1.5 cm x 2.0 cm to 4.8 cm x 4.2 cm with a mean value of 3.6 cm x 3.1 cm. The MRI findings in vivo showed hypointensity in 14 lesions and isointensity in 2, and on 2D FLASH T1WI and TSE T2WI, all lesions displayed mixed intensity except 3 lesions with iso-intensity. During post-contrast dynamic pancreatic parenchymal phase, 15 lesions showed mild enhancement and 11 lesions had ring enhancement sign. Nine lesions displayed progressive irregular moderate enhancement during post-contrast dynamic hepatic phase. Four lesions showed enhancement with iso- and hyperintensity in post-contrast dynamic delayed phase. The MRI findings demonstrated that all lesions ex vivo had hypointensity on 2D FLASH T1 WI and mixed intensity on TSE T2WI + FS. Tumor tissues mainly displayed hypointensity, and the area containing tumor and inflammatory tissue showed iso-intensity on 2D FLASH T1WI. On T2WI + FS, the fibrosis proportion displayed hypo or isointensity, while the tumor and chronic inflammatory tissue demonstrated slight hyperintensity, and the zones of mucous degeneration or pancreatic ductal dilatation displayed hyper-intensity. The ring enhancement of tumor was caused by multiple factors and no obvious enhancement within tumor and fibrosis area were observed during post-contrast dynamic pancreatic parenchymal phase. Progressive irregular enhancement originated from desmoplastic reaction within the tumor during post-contrast dynamic hepatic phase and delayed phase, respectively.Pancreatic head carcinomas contain various kinds of tissues. MRI can reveal these pathologic characteristics. No obvious hemorrhage and necrosis within the tumor were observed in this series.

To investigate the role of MRI in evaluating the peripancreatic vessel invasion and resectability of pancreatic carcinoma based on the comparison of MRI image with surgical exploration, and try to establish the criteria for assessment of the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of resectability.Forty-one pancreatic carcinoma patients confirmed by pathology received preoperative plain and contrast enhanced MRI scan, and 37 of them had additional coronal MRA scan. Peripancreatic vessel invasion was preoperatively assessed based on MRI features, and the vessel invasion degree from the uninvolved to the severely involved was divided into 6 grades represented by 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b and 4, respectively. Compared with the findings during the surgery, the sensitivity and specificity of each vessel invasion grade were studied and the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of resectability evaluation based on 2 and 2a degree were calculated respectively. The resectability of involved arteries and veins of grade 2 were also analyzed.Of the 41 patients, 22 had resectable tumor, with 20 curative resection and 2 palliative. Compared with the findings during surgery, seven vessels including three arteries and four veins were not correctly interpreted by MRI. If grade 1,2a,2b,3a and 3b was used as the resectable standard,respectively, the sensitivity to predict the unresectbility was 78.3%, 84.8%, 67.4%, 56.5% and 47.8%, respectively. Receiver operator characteristic curve demonstrated that grade 2a was the optimal critical point. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of grade 2a in predicting the unresectbility were 84.8%, 98.5%, 92.9%, 96.6% and 95.9%.Our data showed that grade 2a (tumor involvement2 cm long and1/2 circumference of the vessel) may be more sensitive and accurate in predicting the resectability, which may be considered as the line of demarcation between the respectable and unresectable cases in clinical practice.

To evaluate various kinds of sequences and modified dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI methods in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.Forty-nine pancreatic carcinoma patients proved by histopathology or clinical examination and follow-up underwent MR examination. Plain MR sequences included: T1-weighted 2D FLASH, T1 WI 3D VIBE, TSE T2 WI and HASTE with FS. Modified dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning procedures were coronal scaning with 3D FLASH and axial scaning using T1 WI 3D VIBE sequences in turn for the upper abdominal area and pancreatic area. The coronal imaging were used to obtain 3D peripancreatic vessels during arterial phase and portal vein phase scanning, respectively. The axial imaging were used to detect the tumor in pancreatic parenchymal phase and delayed phase scanning, respectively. Final scanning for the whole upper abdomen was performed using T1 WI 2D FLASH axial sequence.(1) Of 49 lesions in these patients, 45 showed hypo-intensity and 4 iso-intensity on 3D VIBE. Forty-six lesions showed hypo-intensity and 3 isointensity on 2D FLASH. On TSE T2 + FS, lesion contour was not clear enough; 3 of them displayed isointensity, the other showed iso- or hyper-intensity. (2) During pancreatic parenchymal phase, 48 lesions showed hypo-intensity and 39 ring enhancement. Twenty-four lesions displayed marginal tubercle and inner compartment enhancement during portal vein and delayed phase. Six lesions showed iso- or hyper-intensity in delayed phase. (3) Thirty-seven patients underwent surgical exploration. MRI and MRA had a good correlation with surgical findings for peripancreatic vessels which were diagnosed as being invasive or noninvasive by tumors except three superior mesenteric arteries and four superior mesenteric veins being misdiagnosed.As"one-stop-shop" MRI examination, modified MRI sequences consisting of dynamic coronal and axial contrast-enhanced scanning is feasible and helpful in diagnosing, staging and assessing the resectability for pancreatic carcinoma.

To study the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.Ninety-two cases of cystic neoplasm of pancreas were retrieved from the Department archival file during the period from 1999 to 2005. Histologic features were studied and the tumors were typed according to WHO classification. Immunohistochemistry was also carried out using paraffin-embedded tissues.The age of patients ranged from 16 to 80 years. The patients included 33 males and 59 females. The tumors varied from 2 cm to 21 cm in diameter. They consisted of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (36/92), serous cystic neoplasm (18/92), solid pseudopapillary tumor (18/92), mucinous cystic neoplasm (14/92), cystic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (4/92) and cystic pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (2/92). Immunohistochemical study revealed variable staining patterns, with frequent overlaps between different tumor types. In general, serous cystic neoplasm expressed MUC1, while mucinous cystic neoplasm was positive for MUC-5AC, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm for MUC-2 and cystic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for MUC-1. On the other hand, solid pseudopapillary tumor expressed alpha-antitrypsin, alpha-antichymotrypsin, vimentin and progesterone receptor.Accurate diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms requires correlation of clinical findings, radiologic examination, histologic features and immunostaining results. Pathologic distinction is important because of different prognostic significance. Two-thirds of pancreatic cystic neoplasms are premalignant or malignant and warrant surgical resection, whereas the remaining one-third (including pseudocyst and serous cystadenoma) are benign and can be treated conservatively.

To investigate the CT and MRI manifestatitions of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas.Both clinical and imaging data of 12 pathologically confirmed intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, of the pancreas were retrospectively analyzed.The pancreatic IPMN can be classified into two types based on CT image: the branch duct IPMN (n=7) originated from the head and uncinate process of the pancreas. The tumor consisted of lobulated or clustered small cyst lesions with septa among them, the wall and septa can be enhanced; the combined IPMN (n=5) involved branch ducts of the uncinate process as well as the main pancreatic ducts with dilatation (diameter: 4-7 mm), one of these involved the branch ducts along the pancreatic body. The pancreatic IPMN was mainly found in elderly patient with a chief clinical symptoms of abdominal pain and/or pancreatitis.The intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas enjoys specific features in CT and MRI image, which are helpful to the diagnosis.

In this paper, we introduce a new technique of the simulated annealing method to achieve a stable solution. SA method is an effective optimization algorithm for complex combinatorial problems such as a placement design for LSI Chip. It is based on the simulation of crystallization process that takes long CPU time. Therefore many researchers have investigated time-effective techniques to obtain the better solution, but few ones have focused on the uneven results in quality of this stochastic algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new technique TOSA that traces optimal process of simulated annealing. We applied TOSA to the standard-cell global placement problems, and found that it achieved more than 16 % better solution as the best case than those of simulated annealing.

With the fast development of communication technology, some of the functions of power security defense system in China are promising to be enhanced. The proposal is to add an intelligent analyzing and controlling function in key process of protection functionality. Therefore, a novel wide-area backup protection system is reported in this paper. The proposed system comprises a master system and several local units. The system is arranged as three layers. Connected together via fiber-optic communication links, these devices can process intelligent algorithms based on data collected locally. The architecture and algorithm of the system are also introduced. The protection system is co-simulated using EMTP and NS2. The data generated by EMTP are then used in a program to validate the performance of the proposed technique regarding the speed of response, computational burden and reliability. Numerical simulation results corroborate the availability and superior performance of the proposed scheme

To summarize the experience in performing reoperation of valve dysfunction after congenital heart disease procedure.From 1994 to 2001 we reviewed the data of 13 patients with valve dysfunction after congenital heart disease operation, in which 8 patients after ventricular septal defect, 3 after atrioventricular canal and 2 after respectively tetralogy of Fallot and atrial septal defect were corrected. Before the first operation, 6 patients had presented the mild to moderate mitral regurgitation, 1 had aortic regurgitation. Other 6 patients had valves dysfunction occurring after the first operation, among them, 2 suffered from respectively residual shunt of the ventricular septal defect, 2 had anterior chordae rupture of tricuspid valve, one had an operative injured aortic valve and one had surviving of right ventricular outlet obstruction. Thirteen patients were reoperated, including mitral valve replacement in 6, tricuspid valve replacement in 2, aortic valve replacement in one, aortic valve replacement consists with mitral valve repair and tricuspid valve repair in one and tricuspid valve repair in 3. Concomitant procedures were performed.Low cardiac output occurred in 3 cases and there were 2 early deaths, due to cerebral air-embolism, respiratory and circulatory failure respectively. Other 11 cases discharged and were followed up well.It is important to safeguard and repair the valvular construction and function during the operation in congenital heart disease. Reoperation should be performed timely for obtaining recurrent and a good results.