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Sexual violence is a global health and human rights issue that impacts the physical and mental health of victims and increases healthcare costs.This research was developed to investigate the prevalence of sexual violence against women in Taiwan and the help-seeking behavior of these women. Based on the findings, suggestions are provided for both government policymakers and frontline medical staffs.Data for this study were collected using a face-to-face interview survey conducted with women aged 18 to 74 years nationwide.Of the 1,504 women surveyed, 87 (5.76%) reported having suffered from sexual violence. The one-year prevalence was 1.41%, while the lifetime prevalence was 5.76%. Although sexual violence is known to impact physical and mental health, most victims are reluctant to seek help from formal support systems.Victims of sexual violence often delay seeking help from medical settings. Although the victims identified in this study endured chronic symptoms and psychological trauma, few had made formal disclosures of intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) incidents. Frontline medical staffs have the opportunity to play an important role in sexual-violence response if they are made aware of incidents of IPSV / non-IPSV. Thus, to facilitate disclosure, screening for IPSV and non-IPSV should be made standard practice in high-risk medical settings.臺灣女性遭受性暴力的現況與求助.性暴力是全球公共衛生與人權議題，影響受暴者身心健康，也增加醫療與健康照護成本。.瞭解臺灣女性遭受性暴力的盛行率、影響與求助，提供政府規劃相關政策與第一線醫護人員發展實務建議。.以全國18–74歲女性為對象，透過面對面訪問調查法收集資料。.1,504位受訪女性，有87人（5.76%）曾遭受性暴力，「一年盛行率」為1.41%，「終生盛行率」為5.76%。受暴女性身心健康受創，以尋求非正式支持協助為主。.受暴者普遍延宕就醫，形成慢性症狀或心理創傷，即便就醫，也未必自我揭露遭受性暴力。若第一線醫護人員能適時覺察，並發展引導式問話，適時提供協助，就能發揮關鍵功能。.

This study investigates the impact of relative body weight on the wage of full-time workers using a semiparametric partially linear model, by age cohort and gender. It defines relative body weight ...

The model of wind turbine was created by CATIA software, and then the simulation for blades and wind field was conducted by ANSYS software. The phenomena, such as tip vortex of blade, center vortex, and spiral trailing edge vortex caused by the rotating wind turbine, were presented explicitly and the pressure distribution of wind field was obtained. This paper provides some guiding significance to the arrangement of wind turbine and the studies about loading, deformation, and stress of blades.

The 1997 Thailand financial crisis had inspired many disputes on whether this crisis is caused by self-fulfilling prophecy of rational speculators or fundamentals deteriorated. In this paper, first we find Thailand had multiple equilibria of exchange rate before crisis period, and then we find the self-fulfilling prophecy can significantly explain this crisis using two-state Markov regime-switching model. Finally, we argue that the nonlinear two-state Markov model is superior to linear model when explaining Thailand’s financial crisis in 1997.

As 3-D displays become more common, the demand for 3-D-related products is rapidly increased. Three-dimensional image sensors based on the time-of-flight (TOF) technique are one of these products and are applied to many applications. In this paper, a new pixel based on the continuous-wave modulation method was proposed to measure the TOF and was embedded in a test complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor. Compared with other range imagers, no complex control signals, high operating voltage, or multilevel control voltages are needed in this pixel. The chip, with 92 × 30 pixels, was fabricated using the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company's 0.18-μm CMOS standard process, and a time-switched color measurement was applied to this rangeflnder system. A pulse train of red, green, and blue lights is emitted sequentially from a light-emitting diode array. The distance is easily calculated from the phase differences, and the color information is estimated using the difference in reflection coefficients under a different light. The measured distance and color are compared with the actual dis tance and color-corrected images. A color range image with a distance error of 3.56 cm and an L*a*b color difference of 40.23 can be observed. This rangefinder system provides a new perspective to capturing a colored range image.

Recently, the rapid growth of CMOS technology has made it possible to integrate more periphery circuits into a CMOS image sensor. Although these periphery circuits improve image quality, they also lead to the generation of more stray minority carriers. Because the number of stray minority carriers is proportional to the frequency, the affected region increases with increasing operating frequency. Placing an appropriate absorber between the periphery circuits and the pixel has traditionally been accepted as the best solution for this issue. Four protection tactics were simulated in software and verified in a fabricated CMOS image sensor. The imager was fabricated using TSMC 1-poly 6-metal 0.18-μm process technology. On this chip, ten noise sources outside the pixel array were used to verify the effectiveness of the protection tactics in off-array tests, whereas in-pixel noise sources were used in in-pixel tests. To quantify the influence of stray minority carriers in the off-array test, the maximum depth of an affected region (DAR) was measured in a processed binary image. The off-array experimental results revealed that the DAR increased with either an increased operating frequency or a decreased separation between the noise source and the pixel array. The DAR of the affected pixels can be eliminated up to 48.1% and 23.8% by using the N-well and N-diffusion guard rings, respectively. The in-pixel experimental results have shown that the N-diffusion digital pixel implementation reduced the noise by 63.2% while only increasing the area by 10.68%. Detailed information about the effectiveness of different protection tactics in an imager design was collected in this paper. This paper can potentially provide a reference to help imager designers choose an appropriate protection tactic.

In recent years, CMOS image sensors (CISs) have increasingly become major players in the solid-state imaging market, a market in which charge-coupled device image sensors were once the dominant product. Exceptional circuit integration capability makes CMOS imagers suitable for implementation in a single-chip imaging system while inducing the temperature variation of an image sensor. In this paper, global and local high-leakage nonuniformities induced by on-chip temperature variations were controlled by both a Peltier junction device and on-chip resistors. Two test chips were fabricated using TSMC 0.13-?m CIS processes and TSMC 1-poly 6-metal 0.18-?m process technology, respectively. As expected, fixed-pattern noise increased with temperature. To quantify the influence of temperature, the maximum depth of an affected region was defined as DAR. The experimental results revealed that the DAR index increased with either an increase in power consumption or a space reduction between the resistor and the pixel array. The DAR index not only characterized affected regions in the experiment but also provided a valuable reference regarding temperature protection for future imager designs.

There are many different kinds of biopotential signal. These signals are tiny in amplitude and the measurement is easily corrupted by external interference. For these reasons, the design of high-quality biopotential amplifier is usually an empirical task. To make the design of biopotential amplifier more efficient, this study proposes a simulation model for bioelectric signal measurement such that the design task can be achieved thoroughly by powerful computer-aided design (CAD) tool. The proposed model has two distinct features, one is the simulated biopotential signal is used for the genesis of biosignal, and the other one is the skin-electrode impedance is replaced by its corresponding equivalent circuit, which is a complex RC network. To verify the feasibility of the proposed model, an ECG amplifier is designed in Spice-related CAD tool and is implemented for ECG recording. From the results, the amplifier characteristics agree well between the simulated and the implemented circuit. Besides, the effect due to the commonly encountered power-line interference during biopotential measurement can be reasonably evaluated in the proposed model.

Noise minimization is an important issue for a single-chip CMOS image sensor. Stray minority carriers diffusing from the circuit region to the sensor array through the substrate are one possible source of noise. To study this effect, an nMOS transistor was deliberately placed close to the sensor array as a source of stray minority carriers. The influence on the image quality was then examined by varying the switching frequency applied to the transistor. The results provide useful information for CMOS imager designs to eliminate the effect of stray minority carrier diffusion.