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INTRODUCTION To improve compliance with voiding diaries in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE), a new modified 3-day weekend frequency-volume chart (FVC) was designed, and the compliance and validity of this modified FVC was evaluated by comparing with the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) recommended voiding diary. METHODS A total of 1200 patients with PMNE were enrolled in the study from 13 centers in China and were randomly assigned to record this modified FVC or the ICCS-recommended voiding diary. The primary outcome measure was the compliance, assessed by comparing the completing index and the quality score of diaries between two groups. The secondary outcome measure was the validity, evaluated by comparing the constituent of subtypes, micturition parameters and response rate to desmopressin. RESULTS Among the 1200 participants enrolled in the study, 447 patients completed the ICCS-recommended voiding diary and 469 completed the modified diary. The diurnal completing index and the quality score of the modified FVC group were better than those of the ICCS group. In addition, there was no significant difference between these two groups in the subtype classification, or in the response rate to desmopressin. CONCLUSIONS The modified FVC could be applied to obtain the voiding characteristics of children with PMNE as the ICCS-recommended voiding diary does and offers a reasonable and better choice for children with PMNE from the unselected population in the future.

Clinical studies suggest that the dysfunction of T cells and B cells may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), but laboratory evidence is lacking. Therefore, this study explored T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) profiling in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to profile the TCR and BCR repertoires in children with INS. Peripheral blood was collected from ten INS patients, including five vinculin autoantibody-positive patients and five vinculin autoantibody-negative patients, before and after treatment. TCR and BCR libraries were constructed by 5'-RACE and sequenced by a DNBSEQ-T7 sequencer, and sequence analyses were performed using ReSeqTools, FastP, MiXCR, and VDJtools.The TRA (T-cell receptor α), TRG (T-cell receptor γ), and IGH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) repertoires of the INS group were occupied by highly abundant clonotypes, whereas small clonotypes occupied the healthy group, especially TRA. A significant increase in the Shannon-Weaver index was observed for the TRA and TRG repertoires after treatment in vinculin autoantibody-negative patients, but a significant increase in the IGH repertoire after treatment was observed in vinculin autoantibody-positive patients. The frequency of some V-J pairs was significantly enriched in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome patients. The usage frequency of the V and J genes was skewed in patients, which seemed not related to immunosuppressive therapy. However, after effective treatment, dynamic changes in the size of the individual clonotype were observed.T-cell and B-cell immunity contribute to the pathogenesis of different INSs. Video: (MP4 99,786 KB).

Neuroinflammation-induced phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) deposition in central nervous system contributes to neurodegenerative disorders. Propofol possesses neuroprotective properties. We investigated its impacts on tumor necrosis factor-Mouse hippocampal neurons were exposed to propofol followed by TNF-TNF-In hippocampal neurons, TNF

BACKGROUND Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are capable of shifting the microglia/macrophages phenotype from M1 to M2, contributing to BMSCs-induced brain repair. However, the regulatory mechanism of BMSCs on microglia/macrophages after ischemic stroke is unclear. Recent evidence suggests that mesencephalic astrocyte–derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) and platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA)/MANF signaling regulate M1/M2 macrophage polarization. AIM To investigate whether and how MANF or PDGF-AA/MANF signaling influences BMSCs-mediated M2 polarization. METHODS We identified the secretion of MANF by BMSCs and developed transgenic BMSCs using a targeting small interfering RNA for knockdown of MANF expression. Using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model transplanted by BMSCs and BMSCs–microglia Transwell coculture system, the effect of BMSCs-induced downregulation of MANF expression on the phenotype of microglia/macrophages was tested by Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence. Additionally, microglia were transfected with mimics of miR-30a*, which influenced expression of X-box binding protein (XBP) 1, a key transcription factor that synergized with activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) to govern MANF expression. We examined the levels of miR-30a*, ATF6, XBP1, and MANF after PDGF-AA treatment in the activated microglia. RESULTS Inhibition of MANF attenuated BMSCs-induced functional recovery and decreased M2 marker production, but increased M1 marker expression in vivo or in vitro. Furthermore, PDGF-AA treatment decreased miR-30a* expression, had no influence on the levels of ATF6, but enhanced expression of both XBP1 and MANF. CONCLUSION BMSCs-mediated MANF paracrine signaling, in particular the PDGF-AA/miR-30a*/XBP1/MANF pathway, synergistically mediates BMSCs-induced M2 polarization.

The degradation of austenitic stainless steels under irradiation environment is a known problem for nuclear reactors, which starts from atoms displacement cascade. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to investigate the formation of atomic displacement cascade in γ-iron for energies of the primary knock-on atom (PKA) up to 40 keV at 300 K. The number of Frenkel pairs increased sharply until a peak value was reached, which occurred at a time in the range of 0.1-2 ps. After that, a number of defects gradually decreased and became stabilized. Compared with α-iron, there was less defects in the stable stage, and more clustered defects were produced in γ-iron. Within the range of PKA energies, two regimes of power-law energy-dependence of the defect production were observed, which converge on 16.8 keV. The transition energy also marks the onset of the formation of large self-interstitial atom (SIA) clusters and vacancy clusters. Interstitial and vacancy clusters were in the form of Shockley, Frank dislocation loops and Stir-Rod dislocation loops.

The interaction between an moving edge dislocation and helium bubble was studied in BCC-Fe using Molecular dynamics（MD）simulation. Edge dislocation passed the bubble via cut mechanism. A step with a length of b is left on both sides of the bubble after dislocation left away. The influence of simulation temperature, defect size and He/V ratio in bubble on critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for dislocation to shear bubble were investigated. The CRSS increases with increasing defect sizes, and decreases with increasing temperature. When He/V ratio is at the range of 0-1, CRSS depends weakly on the He/V ratio. The estimated obstacle strength of helium bubble based on MD simulations is acceptable and reasonable agreement with one deduced from the dispersion barrier-hardening model applied to experimental results.

The high concentration of ammonium chloride in the wastewater from the precipitation of rare earth carbonate was studied by an electrolytic method in this paper. The decomposition rate of ammonium ...

Wuhan east lake tunnel project is located in the national 5 a grade within the east lake scenic area, and it is a key project of Wuhan, which has a higher requirement on safety civilization construction. Using traditional unidirectional drivage CRD construction method in tunnel construction, significant impact on construction period, dismantling temporary arch suppression and middle wall for large drivers for construction, improve the efficiency of production of tunnel excavation. The removal of temporary inverted arch will affect the integrity of the original upper arch closed bracket and disturb the surrounding rock and soil around the excavation guide hole. Regarding the tunnel excavation blasting scheme design, through the dynamics of FLAC3D numerical simulation calculation, the dynamic response to blasting two-dimensional elastic-plastic time history analysis, the research analyzed the lining in the early dynamic response under blasting vibration, based on the control of blasting vibration measurement experiment, and through the measured results, the safety of the surrounding rock resistance to vibration is evaluated according to the construction under the condition of dismantling temporary inverted arch bottom drift of CRD method.

We demonstrate a novel polarization control system based on a gradient descent algorithm, applied to a 450-km optical frequency transfer link. The power of the out-loop beat note is retrieved by controlling the polarization state of the transferred signal, with a recovery time of 24 ms, thereby ensuring the long-term evaluation of the fiber link. As a result, data utilization is enhanced from 70% to 99% over a continuous measurement period of ∼12 h. A fractional transfer instability of 7.2 × 10−20 is achieved at an integration time of 10000 s. This work lays the foundation for the comparison of a remote optical clock system via a long-haul optical fiber link.

Downconversion (DC) with emission of two near-infrared photons about 1000 nm for each blue photon absorbed was obtained in thulium (Tm3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) codoped yttrium lithium fluoride (LiYF4) single crystals grown by an improved Bridgman method. The luminescent properties of the crystals were measured through photoluminescence excitation, emission spectra and decay curves. Luminescence between 960 and 1050 nm from Yb3+: 2F5/2→2F7/2 transition, which was originated from the DC from Tm3+ ions to Yb3+ ions, was observed under the excitation of blue photon at 465 nm. Moreover, the energy transfer processes were studied based on the Inokuti-Hirayama model, and the results indicated that the energy transfer from Tm3+ to Yb3+ was an electric dipole-dipole interaction. The maximum quantum cutting efficiency approached up to 167.5% in LiYF4 single crystal codoped with 0.49mol% Tm3+ and 5.99mol% Yb3+. Application of this crystal has prospects for increasing the energy efficiency of crystalline Si solar cells by photon doubling of the high energy part of the solar spectrum.

Upconversion (UC) luminescence and its pump power dependent on UC emissions were investigated under excitation of near infrared light at 960 nm for the Tb3+/Yb3+ codoped LiYF4 single crystals. UC emissions at 488, 541, 654, and 669 nm and 382, 413, 436, 465, 477, and 484 nm arise transitions D-5(4) --> F-7(J) (J = 6, 5, 3, and 1) and D-5(3) --> F-7(J) (J = 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1) of Tb3+, respectively. UC mechanisms are proposed by analyzing the pump power dependent UC emission. The yellowish green light can be achieved from 0.32 mol% Tb3+ and 7.98 mol% Yb3+ codoped LiYF4 crystal with chromaticity coordinates of (0.2874, 0.6733) and color temperature T-c = 6280 K. A cooperative energy transfer process from excited Yb3+ to Tb3+ in main form of two-photons has been presented in LiYF4 at room temperature. The green and red emissions originating from upper D-5(4) state of these Tb3+/Yb3+ codoped single crystals may be considered as a promising potential application in the field of photonics, solid state lasers, and light emitting devices. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ho3+ with various concentrations and Tm3+ with molar concentration of 1.28% are co-doped in LiYF4 (YLF) single crystals. The luminescent properties of the crystals are investigated through emission spectra, emission cross section and decay curves under the excitation of 808 nm. The energy transfer from Tm3+ to Ho3+ and the optimum fluorescence emission of Ho3+ around 2.05 μm are investigated. The emission intensity at 2.05 μm keeps increasing with the molar concentration of Ho3+ improved from 0.50% to 1.51% when the molar concentration of Tm3+ is kept at 1.28%. Moreover, for the co-doped crystals in which the molar concentrations of Tm3+ and Ho3+ are 1.28% and 1.51%, respectively, the maximum emission cross section reaches 0.760×10−20 cm2 and the maximum fluorescence lifetime is 21.98 ms. All the parameters suggest that these materials have more advantages in the future 2.0 μm laser applications.

Lithium lutetium fluoride (LiLuF4) single crystals doped with different Dy3+ ion concentrations were grown by Bridgman method. The Judd-Ofelt (J-O) strength parameters (Ω2, Ω4, Ω6) of Dy3+ in LiLuF4 crystal are calculated according to the measured absorption spectra and the J-O theory, by which the asymmetry of the Dy3+:LiLuF4 single crystal and the possibility of attaining stimulated emission from 4F9/2 level are analyzed. The capability of the Dy3+:LiLuF4 crystal in generating white light by simultaneous blue and yellow emissions under excitation with ultraviolet light is produced. The effects of excitation wavelength and doping concentration on chromaticity coordinates and photoluminescence intensity are also investigated. Favorable CIE coordinates, x=0.319 3 and y=0.349 3, can be obtained for Dy3+ ion in 2.701% molar doping concentration under excitation of 350 nm.

Seed pumpkin is an important economic crop grown in Heilongjiang Province, China that comprises distinct cultivars of Cucurbita maxima and C. pepo. However, little is known about the genetic diversity of seed pumpkin. Morphological and molecular characterizations were used to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic relationships within a germplasm collection that included 38 Chinese and 28 Russian seed cultivars of C. maxima, and 10 Chinese seed genotypes of C. pepo. The most variable morphological characters were all usually associated with the fruit. Thirty-five SSR markers yielded a total of 85 amplified DNA fragments, of which 85.89% were polymorphic, indicating a high degree of genetic diversity. The information provided by the SSR markers was agreed with the morphological diversity. Principal components analysis (PCA), principal coordinates analysis (PCO), and UPGMA clustering clearly distinguished the accessions based on species and geographic regions for both morphological and molecular characterizations. This indicated that genetic divergence has occurred between germplasm from China and that from Russia. On the other hand, geographical location also appeared to have affected genetic diversity due to adaptation of the plants to the different environments. This finding suggested that molecular information on genetic relationships in combination with morphological characteristics would serve to (1) improve the classification system of seed pumpkin cultivars in cultivation for germplasm conservation, (2) enhance the economic value of seed pumpkin.

This paper presents a simple experimental method in determining the dynamic properties of concrete materials. The specimen used in the experiment was assembled with four disks, one of which was made from aluminum, the others concrete samples. Three manganin piezoresistive gauges were embedded in between the disks, from which pressure waves were recorded. The impact load was produced by using a light-gas gun. From the recorded pressure waves, stress, strain and particle velocity in the tested specimen were calculated. The experimental results showed that the peak pressure of the shock wave decreased exponentially with the propagation distance of the shock wave, whereas the width of the shock wave increased with propagation distance. The attenuation coefficient describing the peak pressure decay in a specimen was found to be close for specimens under different impact velocities and thus can be used to represent the viscosity of the concrete material.

This paper developed a Portable Agricultural Product Holographic Market Information Collection Terminal (APIC) which collected the holographic market information of agro-products, to address the issues such as undeveloped agricultural information collecting method, nonstandard collection criteria,imperfect classification and coding, as well as the lack of information collection device etc.. In the APIC system, there are two industrial standards on agro- product information collection embedded technology, and GPS positioning, integrated together with the general packet radio service(GPRS) and 3G mobile communications technology, making use of component development technology and embedded development technology, in order to achieve the standardization of data collection, instant transmission, and intelligent processing, and eventually to enhance the ability of integrated perception, decision-making and control in terms of monitoring and early warning of agro-products market price.

kV distribution network topology is complex, along the lines there are many connected power distribution transformer and branch lines, and the lines are mostly hybrid cases. Its channel transmission characteristics are complex and variable, which has caused great difficulties to the high rate NB-PLC technology frequency selection. Based on urban 10 kV distribution network topology, it emphatically analyzes the changes in the channel transmission characteristics from the carrier source to the receiving point in hybrid cases and influence rules of the length of main trunk line, the length and number of branch line and the location and quantity of distribution transformer on the channel transmission characteristics, which provide reference basis for the modulation mode and frequency selection of high rate NB-PLC technology.

This paper presents the heat transfer simulation of a new kind of rotary engine called Leaf Spring Rotary Engine. The structure and the principle of the prototype engine were introduced. The thermodynamic models including heat transfer model were presented. The contrast of the performance parameters between the heat transfer condition and the ideal condition was presented and the effect of the heat transfer to the performance of the engine was analyzed. It showed that the heat transfer loss would account for 24% of the input energy at the rated speed of 3000r/min. At the same time, the effect of ignition position to the performance of the engine was analyzed. The work would be used in the combustion system design and the performance optimization.

Assembly reactions of orotic acid (H3dtpc ) and CdCl2·2.5H2O or CdSO4·8H2O yielded four new cadmium compounds {[Cd(H2dtpc)(phen)(H2O)2]·(H2dtpc)·4H2O}2 (1: solution reaction, pH=4–5, in addition of phen), [Cd3(dtpc)2(phen)5]·13H2O (2: hydrothermal reaction, initial pH=14, final pH=7.5), [Cd(Hdtpc)(H2O)3]4 (3: solution reaction, initial pH=6.5, final pH=6.0), {[Cd(Hdtpc)(phen)(H2O)]·H2O}n (4: hydrothermal reaction, initial pH=8; final pH=6.5), respectively. Compounds 1–4 have been characterized by IR, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), photoluminescence analyses, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Compound 1 is a binuclear, 2 is a trinuclear, 3 is a tetranuclear structure, and 4 possesses one-dimensional chain framework, respectively, in which the orotate ligands show seven different linking fashions in 1–4. The orotate ligands as trivalence anions are observed in the formation of orotate-compounds, in which the orotates show high stability under the extreme condition of strong basic solution, high temperature and pressure.

Assembly of 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid and Zn(OAC)2·2H2O gives rise to two complexes [Zn2(C16H10NO2)4 (phen)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (I) and [Zn2(C16H10NO2)4(bpy)2]n (II) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine). Complexes I and II have been characterized by x-ray single-crystal diffraction, infrared (IR), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and fluorescence spectra. Structural analysis reveals that I is binuclear in structure; two Zn(II) centers are bridged by two carboxylate groups and the terminal water molecule occupies a axial position of the octahedral geometry, which further extends the binuclear unit into a supramolecular framework via intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π···π interactions. Complex II possesses a one-dimensional infinite zigzag chain architecture by bridging of the 4,4′-bipyridne.

A novel technique for YAG:Ln (Ln=Eu, Ce) phosphor powder synthesis with a nanocrystalline structure was developed. Nanocrystalline YAG:Ln powder was prepared by an ultrasonic atomization and co-precipitation method using a mixture solution of ammonium hydroxide(NH3·H2O) and ammonium hydrogen carbonate(NH4HCO3) as precipitant. The as-prepared nano-powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescence spectrometer. The obtained phosphor powders were homogenous and in size of 50-70 nm. The results demonstrated that by using ultrasonic atomization and co-precipitation process, we could synthesize a good quality YAG:Ln (Ln=Eu, Ce) phosphor powder that had many potential applications.

Angiogenesis appears to be an important event in the pathophysiology of endometriosis (EM) and adenomyosis. Two angiogenic factors, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 1 and 2, play a central role in the initiation of angiogenesis. We investigated whether FGF1 -1385A/G and FGF2 754C/G polymorphisms are associated with a risk of developing EM and adenomyosis.Genotypes were analyzed by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method in two groups of women, of Han ethnicity in north China, aged 16-55 years: (1) 421 EM patients and 421 controls; (2) 269 adenomyosis patients and 269 controls.There was no difference in genotype distribution of the FGF1 -1385A/G polymorphism between adenomyosis cases and controls (P0.05), but the frequency of the A allele in EM patients was lower than that in controls (P = 0.013). Genotype and allele frequencies of the FGF2 754C/C polymorphism were significantly different in both EM and adenomyosis cases versus control groups. Compared with C/C homozygotes, the G allele (C/G + G/G) was associated with a decreased susceptibility to developing EM [odds ratio (OR) = 0.575, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.387-0.854] and adenomyosis (OR = 0.577, 95% CI = 0.367-0.906). Combined genotype analysis of both polymorphisms also showed differences between cases versus controls (all P0.001).Our study shows for the first time that the FGF2 754C/G polymorphism may be associated with a risk of developing EM and adenomyosis in north Chinese women. Carriers of the G allele in the FGF2 gene appear to be protected from these gynecological diseases. Further studies in other populations, and of other candidate genes, are now warranted.

Objective: This study was to investigate the association of p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 and Murine Double Minute2 (MDM2) 309T/G, Del1518+/− single nucleotide polymorphisms with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Chinese. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based case-control study included 257 ovarian cancer patients and 257 healthy women who were matched for age. p73 and MDM2 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: There were no significant differences in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism between cases and control women (P = 0.55 and 0.20, respectively). The frequencies of the G allele of the MDM2 309T/G polymorphism were significantly lower in ovarian cancer cases (46.7%) than those in healthy controls (54.7%), there was a statistical difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.01). Compared with the T/T genotype, the G allelotype (T/G+G/G genotype) significantly decreased the risk of developing EOC (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.97). Although MDM2 Del1518+/− genotypes and allele frequencies did not differ between the case and the control groups (P = 0.68 and P = 0.45), Del1518 +/+ genotype tended to increase the risk of mucinous ovarian cancer or earlier ovarian cancer by stratification analysis according to histological subtypes or clinical stage. Besides, there was a significant interaction between p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 and MDM2 309T/G polymorphisms by the likelihood ratio test (P = 0.03; odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.99). Conclusion: The MDM2 SNP309G allele significantly decreased the risk of EOC and might be a potentially protective factor for EOC development in Chinese women.

Backgrounds and Aims:Growing evidences indicate that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) gene promoter may alterMMPs protein expression levels to influence malignant tumors developing and progressing. Our study was to assess the effects of the SNPs in the promoter region ofMMP-12andMMP-13on the risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) developing and progressing.Methods:MMP-12A-82G andMMP-13A-77G SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 256 EOC patients and 329 controls.Results:The A/G genotype frequency ofMMP-12was significantly higher in patients than in controls (7.0% vs 3.3%,P= 0.04); similarly, the frequency ofMMP-1282G allele was higher in patients too (P= 0.04). Compared with A/A genotype, A/G genotype significantly increased the risk of EOC (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.72). Age-stratified analysis showed that individuals with A/G genotype had a higher risk in the final diagnosis aged younger than 50 years. We observed no overall association betweenMMP-13-77A/Gpolymorphism and EOC. However, an elevated positive association was observed for A/A versus G/G + A/G genotypes in mucinous ovarian cancer. Combining the analyzed 2 SNPs, the haplotype distributions in patients were not significantly different from that in controls.Conclusion:These results suggested that the G allele of theMMP-12 82A/Gpolymorphism might be a risk factor for the development and progression of EOC and that the A/A genotype ofMMP-13-77A/G polymorphism was associated with special pathological subtype and clinical stage in EOC at least in Chinese women.

To explore vegetable price space, time transmission mechanism and to simulate, which is important to reveal vegetable price fluctuation and slow down vegetable price ups and downs substantially. The paper takes six vegetables’ price as example, and selects 108 field markets, wholesale markets and retail markets that scatter Beijing, Shandong and Hainan etc., and collects price data every day, and establishes spatial-temporal set of vegetable price. The paper using factor analysis method explores the reason, character and influencing factors of vegetable price spatial-temporal transmission, and finds mechanism and constructs network topology. The paper, using correlation test, cointegration test, partial adjustment model, Granger causality test and finite distributed lag model and etc., analyses relation, route and strength of vegetable price spatial-temporal transmission, and constructs its model. The paper develops real-time dynamic simulation and display by component technology and GIS analysis. To clarify multidimensional dynamic conduction mode of vegetable price spatial-temporal transmission by regions, markets and varieties, in order to promote vegetable produce, ensure market supply and stable vegetable price.

The influence of Zn content, reaction temperature and pretreatment conditions on a Zn-modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst for methane aromatization were studied. It was found that the addition of Zn promoted the reaction. Methane conversion of 10.9% and aromatics selectivity of 96.7% were obtained with a Zn/Mo molar ratio of 0.03 and N2 pretreatment at 973 K. The results of isopropanol decomposition, NH3-TPD and TG-DTA suggest that the addition of Zn decrease the acidity of the catalyst, which may be the reason for the high activity on the Mo-Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst.

The CdWO4 crystals with good quality in the size of Phi25 mm x 120 mm, doped with Co in 0.5% molar fraction in the raw composition, were grown by the Bridgman method by taking -70 degrees C x cm(-1) of solid-liquid interface and -0.50 mm x h(-1) growth rate. The crystal presents transparence and deep blue. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the crystals. Three absorption peaks at 518, 564 and 655 nm respectively, which are attributed to the overlapping of 4 T1 (4F) --4A2 (4F) and 4 T1 (4F) --4 T1 (4P) of Co2+ octahedrons, and a wide band centered at 1 863 nm, which is attributed to 4Ti (4F) --4 T2 (4F), was observed. The absorption results indicated that the Co ions presented +2 valence in crystal and located within the distorted oxygen octahedrons. The crystal-field parameter D(q) and the Racah parameter B were estimated to be 990 and 726.3 cm(-1) respectively based on the absorption spectra. A fluorescence emission at 778 nm (4T1 (4P) --4 T1 (4F)) for codoped CdWO4 crystals was observed under excitation by 520 nm light. It can be deduced from the changes in absorption and emission intensity of different parts of crystal that the concentration of Co2+ ion in crystal increased along growing direction and the effective distribution coefficient of Co2+ ion in CdWO4 crystal is less than 1.

Two new 2D metal–organic frameworks were assembled in different conditions. Single X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that complex 1 possesses packing of large helical channels filled by guest water molecules; and 2 has a 2-fold interpenetration layer-like structure with relatively petite helical channels, with guest water molecules residing in the void spaces between neighboring helical layers. The diverse structures may result from dissimilar crystal growth mechanisms with distinct thermal stable energies confirmed by theoretical calculation. Photoluminescent spectra, thermogravimetric analyses and power X-ray diffraction analyses were performed.

The promotional effect of Cr addition on the methane aromatization performance of the Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst was investigated. It was found that much higher methane conversion was obtained over Mo–Cr/HZSM-5 catalyst than over Mo/HZSM-5. The results indicate that when the Cr/Mo molar ratio is 0.07, the methane conversion and aromatics selectivity reach 11.6 and 97.3% respectively at a reaction temperature of 973 K. Raising the temperature is beneficial to the methane conversion and 15.82% conversion is obtained at 1023 K. Modern measurements such as isopropyl alcohol decomposition and temperature desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) were used to characterized the catalysts. The results of isopropyl alcohol decomposition show that the surface acidity of Mo–Cr/HZSM-5 is increased at high temperature. The NH3-TPD findings imply that the Mo–Cr/HZSM-5 catalyst has much stronger acidity and more acid sites than Mo/HZSM-5, most likely one of the reasons for the enhanced activity for methane aromatization using Mo–Cr/HZSM-5 catalyst.

This paper is a simulation study of a novel rotary engine called Leaf Spring Rotary Engine, which is a micro-small reed-flexible rotor engine. Flexible characteristics make it a unique advantage. This engine's structure is different to others, mainly for rotor structure. Engine working principle is similar to conventional rotary engine. As a new engine, creation of numerical models and analysis of impact factor for engine performance are the focus of this work. Desi*gned displacement of the engine is 1.77 cm 3 and theoretical compression ratio is 7.3. According to the principle of the engine, the whole structure and sub-system were designed, and thermodynamic model of the engine were established. Re*sults show that output power of one cylinder is 81.4W; indicative efficiency is 24.38% under ideal condition when engine operates at speeds of 3000 RPM; the energy loss under heat transfer condition is about 18.34% of the overall energy. The leakage area of 0.02 mm 2 is considered so that power loss induced by the leakage is about 32.4% of output power under ideal conditions. Besides, the results also show that the reasonable matching of combustion duration and ignition angle can improve output power. Moreover, high compression ratio of the engine causes high heat loss.