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Abstract Background This study aims to explore the accuracy of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models in predicting malignancy in Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-BMRI). Methods A total of 273 benign lesions (benign group) and 274 malignant lesions (malignant group) were collected and randomly divided into a training set (246 benign and 245 malignant lesions) and a testing set (28 benign and 28 malignant lesions) in a 9:1 ratio. An additional 53 lesions from 53 patients were designated as the validation set. Five models—VGG16, VGG19, DenseNet201, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2—were evaluated. Model performance was assessed using accuracy (Ac) in the training and testing sets, and precision (Pr), recall (Rc), F1 score (F1), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the validation set. Results The accuracy of VGG19 on the test set (0.96) is higher than that of VGG16 (0.91), DenseNet201 (0.91), ResNet50 (0.67), and MobileNetV2 (0.88). For the validation set, VGG19 achieved higher performance metrics (Pr 0.75, Rc 0.76, F1 0.73, AUC 0.76) compared to the other models, specifically VGG16 (Pr 0.73, Rc 0.75, F1 0.70, AUC 0.73), DenseNet201 (Pr 0.71, Rc 0.74, F1 0.69, AUC 0.71), ResNet50 (Pr 0.65, Rc 0.68, F1 0.60, AUC 0.65), and MobileNetV2 (Pr 0.73, Rc 0.75, F1 0.71, AUC 0.73). S4 model achieved higher performance metrics (Pr 0.89, Rc 0.88, F1 0.87, AUC 0.89) compared to the other four fine-tuned models, specifically S1 (Pr 0.75, Rc 0.76, F1 0.74, AUC 0.75), S2 (Pr 0.77, Rc 0.79, F1 0.75, AUC 0.77), S3 (Pr 0.76, Rc 0.76, F1 0.73, AUC 0.75), and S5 (Pr 0.77, Rc 0.79, F1 0.75, AUC 0.77). Additionally, S4 model showed the lowest loss value in the testing set. Notably, the AUC of S4 for BI-RADS 3 was 0.90 and for BI-RADS 4 was 0.86, both significantly higher than the 0.65 AUC for BI-RADS 5. Conclusions The S4 model we propose has demonstrated superior performance in predicting the likelihood of malignancy in DCE-BMRI, making it a promising candidate for clinical application in patients with breast diseases. However, further validation is essential, highlighting the need for additional data to confirm its efficacy.

Embarking on systematics, the formation mechanisms of Danxia landforms were explained from perspectives of human activities, geography, and climate. The formation mechanisms of Qiaoba-Zhongdu Danxia landforms in the research region were systematically discussed using theories and methods in sedimentology, paleo-climatology, tectono-dynamics, and surface process dynamics. Meanwhile, approaches such as remote-sensing imagery interpretation, rock and ore identification, geochemical analysis, and interpretation of seismic profiles were also adopted. Research results show that Qiaoba-Zhongdu Danxia landforms are in the mature stage of landform evolution. The formation process involves five stages including being bred by sedimentation, rendered by paleo-environmental conditions, landscaped by tectonism, carved by geomorphologic agents, and embellished by human activities.

Pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) significantly affects children's neurodevelopment and quality of life, often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities, imposing a heavy economic and psychological burden on families and society. Surgery is an effective treatment for DRE, especially for children who do not respond to medication. This article reviews the current status of surgical treatment for pediatric DRE, discussing the necessity and timing of surgery, surgical indications, and preoperative evaluation. It introduces the applications of resective and palliative surgeries and explores the development of new technologies such as laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) and high - intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). This review provides a theoretical foundation for the advancement of pediatric epilepsy surgery toward more minimally invasive and precise approaches.

Abstract Background The associations of weight change with all-cause and cause-specific mortality stratified by age remains unclear. We evaluated the age-stratified ( 10%, increase by 5% to 10%, and increase by > 10%. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause, non-communicable disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality according to BMI change, with adjustment for potential confounders. Results During a median follow-up of 2.2 years (2,330,180 person-years), there were 10,197 deaths. A notable interaction emerged between weight change and age. For participants ≥ 65 years, compared with stable BMI, more than a 10% decrease in BMI was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.54–1.86), non-communicable disease mortality (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.52–1.84), CVD mortality (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.34–1.80), and cancer mortality (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.33–1.92). Similar patterns of results for 5% to 10% decrease in BMI were observed. More than a 10% increase in BMI was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.04–1.24), non-communicable disease mortality (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.25), and CVD mortality (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12–1.44). For participants

In the digital society of "open sharing of information and interconnection of everything", the information traces characterized with "massive, multi-source and explosive growth" in the internet provide rich "mineral deposits" for open-source intelligence collecting. Intelligence processing enabled by advanced artificial intelligence technologies, such as natural language processing and computer vision, greatly improves the efficiency of intelligence production and is widely used in the field of security. However, generative artificial intelligence represented by deepfake has opened the "Pandora's box" of artificial intelligence and is used to create digital wildfires and put false information, which confuse the public and bring crucial challenges to the integration of intelligent intelligence. This paper focuses on open-source intelligence and deeply analyzes its characteristics and existing challenges. Then, this paper summarizes the development of advanced artificial intelligence technology in opensource intelligence fusion, summarizes the existing intelligence spoofing attack methods and intelligence anti-spoofing defense methods from the perspective of confrontation. Finally, new directions of intelligence fusion in the future are proposed to provide reference for the trusted intelligence fusion and provide support for intelligent situation analysis and auxiliary decision making.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in CD4+T lymphocyte (CD4 cells) levels and influencing factors in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) before and after highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) in Xining City, Qinghai Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating corresponding follow-up intervention strategies.MethodsFrom February to July, 2023, 468 HIV/AIDS patients who received HAART in Xining, Qinghai Province were selected using a convenient sampling method for a questionnaire survey. Venous blood was collected and CD4 cell levels were detected by flow cytometry. SPSS 22.0 was used for t-test, analysis of variance and χ2⁃test, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the level of CD4 cells and its main influencing factors in HIV/AIDS population after HAART.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed significant differences in baseline CD4 cell levels among people of different ages, nationalities, residential types and annual income (P

Abstract Ecosystem services such as pollination and biocontrol may be severely affected by emerging nano/micro-plastics (NMP) pollution. Here, we synthesize the little-known effects of NMP on pollinators and biocontrol agents on the organismal, farm and landscape scale. Ingested NMP trigger organismal changes from gene expression, organ damage to behavior modifications. At the farm and landscape level, NMP will likely amplify synergistic effects with other threats such as pathogens, and may alter floral resource distributions in high NMP concentration areas. Understanding exposure pathways of NMP on pollinators and biocontrol agents is critical to evaluate future risks for agricultural ecosystems and food security.

Context Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which is characterized by its malignant nature, presents challenges for early detection and is associated with a poor prognosis. Any strategy that can interfere with the beginning or earlier stage of PDAC greatly delays disease progression. In response to this intractable problem, the exploration of new drugs is critical to reduce the incidence of PDAC.Objective In this study, we summarize the mechanisms of pancreatitis-induced PDAC and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and review the roles and mechanisms of botanical drugs and their natural compounds that can inhibit the process of pancreatitis-induced PDAC.Methods With the keywords ‘chronic pancreatitis’, ‘TCM’, ‘Chinese medicinal formulae’, ‘natural compounds’, ‘PDAC’ and ‘pancreatic cancer’, we conducted an extensive literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases to identify studies that effectively prevent PDAC in complex inflammatory microenvironments.Results We summarized the mechanism of pancreatitis-induced PDAC. Persistent inflammatory microenvironments cause multiple changes in the pancreas itself, including tissue damage, abnormal cell differentiation, and even gene mutation. According to TCM, pancreatitis-induced PDAC is the process of ‘dampness-heat obstructing the spleen and deficiency due to stagnation’ induced by a variety of pathological factors. A variety of botanical drugs and their natural compounds, such as Chaihu classical formulae, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, etc., may be potential drugs to interfere with the development of PDAC via reshaping the inflammatory microenvironment by improving tissue injury and pancreatic fibrosis.Conclusions Botanical drugs and their natural compounds show great potential for preventing PDAC in complex inflammatory microenvironments.

Abstract Background Dietary diversity has been suggested as a potential preventive measure against frailty in older adults, but the effect of changes in dietary diversity on frailty is unclear. This study was conducted to examine the association between the dietary diversity score (DDS) and frailty among older Chinese adults. Methods A total of 12,457 adults aged 65 years or older were enrolled from three consecutive and nonoverlapping cohorts from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (the 2002 cohort, the 2005 cohort, and the 2008 cohort). DDS was calculated based on nine predefined food groups, and DDS changes were assessed by comparing scores at baseline and the first follow-up survey. We used 39 self-reported health items to assess frailty. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to examine the association between DDS change patterns and frailty. Results Participants with low-to-low DDS had the highest frailty incidence (111.1/1000 person-years), while high-to-high DDS had the lowest (41.1/1000 person-years). Compared to the high-to-high group of overall DDS pattern, participants in other DDS change patterns had a higher risk of frailty (HRs ranged from 1.25 to 2.15). Similar associations were observed for plant-based and animal-based DDS. Compared to stable DDS changes, participants with an extreme decline in DDS had an increased risk of frailty, with HRs of 1.38 (1.24, 1.53), 1.31 (1.19, 1.44), and 1.29 (1.16, 1.43) for overall, plant-based, and animal-based DDS, respectively. Conclusions Maintaining a lower DDS or having a large reduction in DDS was associated with a higher risk of frailty among Chinese older adults. These findings highlight the importance of improving a diverse diet across old age for preventing frailty in later life.

Abstract Demyelination is a common pathological feature in a wide range of diseases, characterized by the loss of myelin sheath and myelin-supporting oligodendrocytes. These losses lead to impaired axonal function, increased vulnerability of axons to damage, and result in significant brain atrophy and neuro-axonal degeneration. Multiple pathomolecular processes contribute to neuroinflammation, oligodendrocyte cell death, and progressive neuronal dysfunction. In this study, we use the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination to investigate long-term non-invasive gamma entrainment using sensory stimulation as a potential therapeutic intervention for promoting myelination and reducing neuroinflammation in male mice. Here, we show that multisensory gamma stimulation mitigates demyelination, promotes oligodendrogenesis, preserves functional integrity and synaptic plasticity, attenuates oligodendrocyte ferroptosis-induced cell death, and reduces brain inflammation. Thus, the protective effects of multisensory gamma stimulation on myelin and anti-neuroinflammatory properties support its potential as a therapeutic approach for demyelinating disorders.

The dovetail of ceramic matrix composites（CMC）turbine blade is the key to the assembly and ability to withstand centrifugal loads of the blade. In order to study the mechanical behaviour of the blade dovetail prepared by the melt infiltration（MI）method under the tensile load in the radial direction of rotating，and verify the influence of the internal quality of the dovetail on its static tensile strength and failure mode，the CMC high pressure turbine dovetail element specimens were designed and fabricated，and a uniaxial static tensile test was conducted，the internal quality of the test specimens was scanned using non-destructive X-ray CT. The test process was monitored using DIC and acoustic emission method. The results show that the CMC dovetail is able to maintain in complete contact under uniaxial static tensile loads，and its static strength and failure are very sensitive to its internal quality，especially to the delamination defects. When there are no delamination defects in the dovetail，the damage generally starts from the neck and quickly spreads，the damage starting load is near the maximum fracture load，and the fracture surface is zigzag. When there are delamination defects in the dovetail，the fracture starts from the defects，and the delamination gradually spread and cause the fracture surface of the dovetail，the damage starting load is decreased by 99.05%，and the maximum failure load is decreased by 14.29% compared to the case of no delamination defects，and the fracture surface is consistent with the delamination defects.

【Objective】 Drought is an abiotic stress affecting crop growth the most in central and northern China. Tremendous research has been conducted over the past decades to understand the response of plants to drought and develop mitigation methods to ameliorate its detrimental effect. In this paper, we analyze the research processes, research hotspots, perspectives on advancing drought management practices in China. 【Method】 The analysis is based on papers published from 2018 to 2022. We used the Citespace and VOSviewer software to analyze the papers indexed by China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS). Our analysis focused on research that investigated the impact of drought on plant growth, physiological processes, and gene expression. The keywords used for search in CNKI were ‘salt tolerance’, ‘seedling stage’, and ‘drought resistance identification’, while those used for research in WOS were ‘ascorbate peroxidase’, ‘water use’, and ‘ectopic expression’. 【Result】 Researches on the effect of drought on plants in China over the last five years predominantly focused on four areas: impact of drought stress on morphology and anatomy of leaves, effects of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics of plants, effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances and antioxidant enzymes in plants, effects of drought stress on genetic expression in plants. Current research in this area is the identification and transfer of drought-resistance genes to plants which are prone to drought or drought-salt stress. The two research hotspots are application of nanomaterials to alleviate the impact of drought stress on plants, and applying multi-omics joint analysis (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) and advanced technologies such as transgenic techniques, gene editing, gene silencing to enhance the resistance of plants to drought. 【Conclusion】 Research on the impact of drought on plants in China over the past five years is diverse, ranging from developing techniques to ameliorate its detrimental influence to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of plants to drought stress.

Protein-based gels have attracted much attention due to their unique advantages in the field of food and medicine due to their optical transparency. Transparent gels are expected to become high-end protein-based gel foods similar to bird 's nest or their processing excipients （ materials ）. Exploring the difference mechanism of optical properties of egg white thermal gels is expected to become the key to overcome the high-quality utilization of egg white gels. In this paper, the formation mechanism and influencing factors of egg white gel transparency were reviewed. The formation mechanism of egg white thermal gel was analyzed in depth, the modification methods of protein were discussed, and the future research and development direction of egg white transparent thermal gel was prospected.

Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract and has a very high mortality rate worldwide. Different PC patients may respond differently to therapy and develop therapeutic resistance due to the complexity and variety of the tumor microenvironment. The Eph/ephrin signaling pathway is extensively involved in tumor-related biological functions. However, the key function of the Eph/ephrin signaling pathway in PC has not been fully elucidated. We first explored a pan-cancer overview of Eph/ephrin signaling pathway genes (EPGs). Then we grouped the PC patients into 3 subgroups based on EPG expression levels. Significantly different prognoses and tumor immune microenvironments between different subtypes further validate Eph/ephrin's important role in the pathophysiology of PC. Additionally, we estimated the IC50 values for several commonly used molecularly targeted drugs used to treat PC in the three clusters, which could help patients receive a more personalized treatment plan. Following a progressive screening of optimal genes, we established a prognostic signature and validated it in internal and external test sets. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of our model exhibited great predictive performance. Meanwhile, we further validated the results through qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Overall, this research provides fresh clues on the prognosis and therapy of PC as well as the theoretical groundwork for future Eph/ephrin signaling pathway research.

Under the background of the new power system, it is important to make full use of the distributed generation in the distribution network to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. With the wide access of distributed power sources, there is bi-directional power flow between the transmission and distribution networks. If the transmission and distribution networks still follow the traditional equivalence method for optimal power calculation, accurate results will not be obtained. Therefore, a transmission-distribution-network-coordinated optimal power flow model is established. The node tearing method is used to decouple the coupling variables of the transmission network and distribution networks. On this basis, the iterative form of the model with immobile points is obtained by mathematical derivation. The traditional heterogeneous decomposition algorithm only uses the latest calculation results for iterative computation. Hence, combining with the Anderson acceleration idea in mathematics, the heterogeneous decomposition algorithm based on Anderson acceleration is proposed by using the historical iteration values to optimize the iterations of immobile points. It is demonstrated by numerical experiments that, the established model can fully utilize the initiative of the distribution networks and reduce carbon emissions. The proposed algorithm has high accuracy. In addition, compared with the heterogeneous decomposition algorithm, its convergence performance is significantly improved.

Abstract Background Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), a marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have investigated association between AIP and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality in the general population. Methods This study included data from 14,063 American adults. The exposure variable was the AIP, which was defined as log10 (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The outcome variables included all-cause mortality and specific-mortality. Survey-weighted cox regressions were performed to evaluate the relation between AIP and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality. Weighted restricted cubic spline was conducted to examin the non-linear relationship. Results During 10 years of follow-up, we documented 2,077, 262, 854, and 476 cases of all-cause mortality, diabetes mortality, CVD mortality and cancer mortality, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes mortality when comparing the highest to the lowest quantile of AIP in female (p for trend = 0.001) or participants older than 65 years (p for trend = 0.002). AIP was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and cancer mortality (p > 0.05). Moreover, a non-linear association was observed between AIP and all-cause mortality in a U-shape (p for non-linear = 0.0011), while a linear relationship was observed with diabetes mortality and non-diabetes mortality (p for linear

Abstract To unveil the nature of amorphous states, single‐element amorphous metals have been the perfect research subject due to the simplest composition. However, the extreme crystal nucleation and growth rate in single‐element metal make the synthesis of single‐element amorphous metals seemingly impossible in the past. Fortunately, benefited by several delicate synthetic strategies developed recently, the single‐element amorphous metals have been successfully demonstrated. This review aims to provide a systematic overview of the synthesis of single‐element amorphous metals covering the challenges in physics and recent achievements. In addition, current understanding of the atomic and electronic structures of single‐element amorphous metal has also been included. Finally, the challenges that worth further investigation are discussed. By identifying the potential avenues for further exploration, this review aims to contribute valuable insights that will propel the cognition of single‐element amorphous metals.

Objective To explore the age-related biological properties of bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from mice of different age groups and their osteogenic differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Methods Eight C57BL/6J mice were divided into a young group (4 weeks old, weighing 10~15 g, n=4) and an old group (12 months old, weighing 20~25 g, n=4), with half male and half female. MSCs were extracted from the whole bones of the 2 groups of mice. After the obtained cells were identified with flow cytometry for the surface markers, β-galactosidase staining was employed to compare the senescence level of BMSCs, MTT and EdU incorporation assays were conducted to compare the proliferation and self-renewal abilities of between the 2 groups. Western blotting was employed to analyze the expression of CyclinD1 and P21 in BMSCs. Then ALP staining, Alizarin Red staining and RT-qPCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation ability of the cells. RNA sequencing was performed to compare the differential gene expression in BMP2-induced BMSCs. Lastly, the sequencing results were re-confirmed by using flow cytometry. Results Flow cytometry showed that the sorted and cultured mouse BMSCs met the criteria for MSCs. The results of β-galactosidase staining indicated that the senescence level of BMSCs in the old group was significantly higher than that in the young group (P < 0.05). MTT and EdU doping experiments revealed that the cell viability and proliferation ability of BMSCs were significantly lower in the old group than the young group (P < 0.05). Western blotting displayed that the expression level of cell cycle protein CyclinD1 was lower, whereas that of cell cycle inhibitory factor P21 was significantly higher in the BMSCs from the old group than the cells from the young group (P < 0.05). ALP/Alizarin Red staining and RT-qPCR demonstrated that the BMSCs from the young group had stronger osteogenic differentiation capacity after BMP2 treatment when compared the cells of the old group (P < 0.05). RNA sequencing results displayed that the changing profile of CD51 expression was in opposite trends in the young and old BMSCs after BMP2 treatment. Finally, flow cytometry revealed that the percentage of CD51+ cells within the CD45- cells was significantly higher in the young group than the old group. Conclusion The decrease in the percentage of CD51+ cells among CD45- cells in aged BMSCs is closely associated with their decreased responsiveness to BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation.

The development of advanced nuclear energy systems imposes stringent requirements on the service stability of nuclear materials under extreme environments characterized by multiple stressors. Continuous silicon-carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiCf/SiC) ceramic matrix composites possess advantages such as low density, excellent high-temperature mechanical properties,corrosion resistance, and irradiation tolerance. Furthermore, SiCf/SiC composites demonstrate a pseudo-ductile fracture behavior under external forces, positioning them as highly promising structural materials for advanced nuclear energy systems. This study systematically summarizes the fundamental research framework on nuclear-grade SiCf/SiC composites at the material, component,and service performance levels. It also analyzes the developmental trends in this field among traditional nuclear powerhouses such as the United States, France, and Japan, as well as in other emerging nuclear energy countries and China. Furthermore, the study identifies existing issues and challenges faced by China’s nuclear-grade SiCf/SiC sector in terms of raw materials, data accumulation,and patent standards, and proposes targeted measures and suggestions: (1) strengthening the research and development of material preparation technologies, (2) developing a new paradigm of research and development, (3) reinforcing the industry-universityresearch-application cooperation, and (4) enhancing international exchanges on the basis of maintaining independence. The aim of the study is to provide guidance and reference for the research directions and policy-making in China’s nuclear-grade SiCf/SiC sector.

A steady dysfunctional state caused by chronic antigen stimulation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is known as CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Exhausted-like CD8+ T cells (CD8+ Tex) displayed decreased effector and proliferative capabilities, elevated co-inhibitory receptor generation, decreased cytotoxicity, and changes in metabolism and transcription. TME induces T cell exhaustion through long-term antigen stimulation, upregulation of immune checkpoints, recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, and secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. CD8+ Tex may be both the reflection of cancer progression and the reason for poor cancer control. The successful outcome of the current cancer immunotherapies, which include immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell treatment, depends on CD8+ Tex. In this review, we are interested in the intercellular signaling network of immune cells interacting with CD8+ Tex. These findings provide a unique and detailed perspective, which is helpful in changing this completely unpopular state of hypofunction and intensifying the effect of immunotherapy.

Swidden agriculture is undergoing a rapid but overlooked transition and transformation in the tropics, complicating global carbon budgeting and sustainable livelihood assessment of swiddeners. Remotely sensed algorithms for accurately detecting swiddening practices have been slowly developed to generate annual updates on their dynamics. This is primarily because, using medium spatial resolution imagery (≥30 m), it is challenging to identify the exact boundary of swidden patches. Spectral-based approaches have by far dominated the detection and mapping of swidden agriculture, but the potential of Sentinel-2 has not been examined. To reconstruct annual information of swidden agriculture, a new Sentinel-2 three-band spectral index, i.e., the Normalized Difference Red, Near-infrared (NIR), and Shortwave-infrared (SWIR), or NDRII, has been developed to map freshly-opened swiddens in tropical regions. As Red (visible), NIR, and SWIR spectral band combinations (i.e., the VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy) are sensitive to vegetation-moisture variations and thermal anomalies caused by slash and burn in tropical uplands during the dry season, NDRII delineates exact patches of freshly opened swiddens. The latest 20-m map facilitates probing into the landscape patterns of newly opened swiddens and underlines their prevalence in Laos for the first time. Established within the VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager, the NDRII algorithm contributes to reconstructing historical datasets of tropical swiddens via integrating state-of-the-art approaches that use temporally stacked observations with available VNIR/SWIR satellite imagery and further understanding the dynamics of landscape pattern and disturbance due to rapid transition and transformation.

Abstract Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays an important role in lung cancer. However, methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), which serves as the main component of the m6A complex, has been less reported to be involved in the immune microenvironment of lung cancer. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between METTL14 and the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) in lung cancer. Methods CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays were performed to explore the role of METTL14 in lung cancer progression in vitro. Furthermore, syngeneic model mice were treated with sh-METTL14 andan anti-PD-1 antibody to observe the effect of METTL14 on immunotherapy. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to detect CD8 expression. RIP and MeRIP were performed to assess the relationship between METTL14 and HSD17B6. LLC cells and activated mouse PBMCs were cocultured in vitro to mimic immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. ELISA was used to detect IFN-γ and TNF-α levels. Results The online database GEPIA showed that high METTL14 expression indicated a poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer. In vitro assays suggested that METTL14 knockdown suppressed lung cancer progression. In vivo assays revealed that METTL14 knockdown inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the response to PD-1 immunotherapy. Furthermore, METTL14 knockdown enhanced CD8+T-cell activation and infiltration. More importantly, METTL14 knockdown increased the stability of HSD17B6 mRNA by reducing its m6A methylation. In addition, HSD17B6 overexpression promoted the activation of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion The disruption of METTL14 contributed to CD8+T-cell activation and the immunotherapy response to PD-1 via m6A modification of HSD17B6, thereby suppressing lung cancer progression.

In order to investigate the thermal inertia of steam systems and address the scheduling challenges of low-carbon energy systems in industrial parks， a dynamic analysis model reflecting the spatiotemporal transmission of steam is proposed. A virtual steam pipe energy storage model is established， incorporating 5 key storage parameters and 3 indicators to quantify thermal inertia. The thermal inertia of a 163-node urban-scale steam system during operation is quantified， revealing a net stored heat of 7，440.3 kilograms and a discharge capacity of 10.16 tons within a 0.5-hour scheduling cycle， and an average discharge utilization rate of 14.59%. This paper provides quantitative basis for the analysis and optimization of steam systems in industrial parks.

Abstract Early dysbiosis in the gut microbiota may contribute to the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP), however, a comprehensive understanding of the gut microbiome, potential pathobionts, and host metabolome in individuals with AP remains elusive. Hence, we employed fecal whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing in 82 AP patients and 115 matched healthy controls, complemented by untargeted serum metabolome and lipidome profiling in a subset of participants. Analyses of the gut microbiome in AP patients revealed reduced diversity, disrupted microbial functions, and altered abundance of 77 species, influenced by both etiology and severity. AP-enriched species, mostly potential pathobionts, correlated positively with host liver function and serum lipid indicators. Conversely, many AP-depleted species were short-chain fatty acid producers. Gut microflora changes were accompanied by shifts in the serum metabolome and lipidome. Specifically, certain gut species, like enriched Bilophila wadsworthia and depleted Bifidobacterium spp., appeared to contribute to elevated triglyceride levels in biliary or hyperlipidemic AP patients. Through culturing and whole-genome sequencing of bacterial isolates, we identified virulence factors and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance in patient-derived strains, suggesting a predisposition to opportunistic infections. Finally, our study demonstrated that gavage of specific pathobionts could exacerbate pancreatitis in a caerulein-treated mouse model. In conclusion, our comprehensive analysis sheds light on the gut microbiome and serum metabolome in AP, elucidating the role of pathobionts in disease progression. These insights offer valuable perspectives for etiologic diagnosis, prevention, and intervention in AP and related conditions.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are crucial factors contributing to the occurrence and development of vascular dementia (VD). In a previous study, we demonstrated that brozopine (BZP) is an anti-ischemic drug. In this study, a model of VD in rats with modified permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2-VO) was established in vivo, a model of cellular excitotoxicity/oxidative stress was established via L-glutamate-induced PC12 cell injury, a model of neuroinflammation was established in LPS-induced BV2 cells in vitro, and the ameliorative effect of BZP on cognitive impairment was assessed. BZP treatment improved memory deficit in VD rats through inhibiting Ca2+overload and the levels of oxidative stress, ferroptosis, and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2) in different brain regions. Additionally, we found that the levels of inflammatory markers in the plasma were also reduced in the VD rats. BZP was further found to have antioxidative stress, antiferroptosis (ferroptosis markers: GPX4, P53, and ACSL4), and antineuroinflammatory effects in PC12 and BV2 cells. Its mechanisms of action were found to be related to the activation of the Nrf2/TLR4/NF-κB pathway; the protective effect of BZP was partially inhibited after using Nrf2-specific inhibitors. Thus, BZP has therapeutic properties for the potential mitigation of cognitive impairment.

Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant disease with a poor prognosis due to inefficient diagnosis and tenacious drug resistance. Obg-like ATPase 1 (OLA1) is overexpressed in many malignant tumors. The molecular mechanism of OLA1 underlying gemcitabine (GEM)-induced drug resistance was investigated in this study. An enhanced expression of OLA1 was observed in a GEM acquired resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines and in patients with pancreatic cancer. Overexpressed OLA1 showed poor overall survival rates in patients with pancreatic cancer. Dysregulation of the OLA1 reduced expression of CD44+/CD133+, and improved the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to GEM. OLA1 highly expression facilitated the formation of the OLA1/Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)/Hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) complex in nuclei, resulting in the inhibition of negative feedback of Hedgehog signaling induced by HHIP. This study suggests that OLA1 may be developed as an innovative drug target for an effective therapy of pancreatic cancer.

Camouflage is an important technology in various scenarios. Usually, this involves the visible compatibility of the background, which however is facile under infrared thermal radiation detection. The simultaneous visible and thermal camouflage are challenging because it requires full and decoupled manipulations of visible reflection and infrared emissivity using one single device, let alone to its adaptivity to complex environments. Here, we report a programmable, colored thermal camouflage at 3–5 μm and 8–14 μm based on mode coupling in phase-change In3SbTe2 materials. A series of industry-friendly colored multilayer thermal emitters are designed consisting of an anti-reflectance layer for structure coloration above a coupled nanocavity for IR modulation, which easily realizes the complete decoupled control of visible color and infrared emissivity. Our solution features independent structural visible colors in the full visible range and continuously programmable dual-band emissivity modulation with up to 90 % absolute tuning range. Our work facilitates near optimal camouflage and anti-counterfeiting solution for visible-infrared multi-band compatibility of complex environments under different temperatures and colored appearances.

Deploying user-side energy storage in urban power grids is an effective solution to operational challenges such as insufficient capacity for renewable energy consumption and local overloads. Therefore， an assessment method for energy storage demand on the user side in urban power grids that considers multiple operational scenarios is proposed. The approach involves quantifying the weights between different scenarios in the urban power grid based on their frequency of occurrence and severity. Scenarios including normal operation， insufficient renewable energy consumption， and local overloads are chosen to construct a model to assess energy storage demand on the user side in urban power grids. Case studies are conducted using a 37-node model of an urban power grid in a region of Zhejiang Province. The results indicate that the method is effective in evaluating energy storage demand on the user side in urban power grids and improving the reuse rate of energy storage on the user side across various operational scenarios. Compared to methods for assessing energy storage demand in a single operational scenario， this approach significantly reduces the overall demand for energy storage on the user side in urban power grids and decreases both investment costs and operational costs.

Abstract The damage to the endocrine pancreas among patients with diseases of the exocrine pancreas (DP) leads to reduced glycemic deterioration, ultimately resulting in diabetes of the exocrine pancreas (DEP). The present research aims to investigate the mechanism responsible for glycemic deterioration in DP patients, and to identify useful biomarkers, with the ultimate goal of enhancing clinical practice awareness. Gene expression profiles of patients with DP in this study were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The original study defines DP patients to belong in one of three categories: non-diabetic (ND), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and DEP, which correspond to normoglycemia, early and late glycemic deterioration, respectively. After ensuring quality control, the discovery cohort included 8 ND, 20 IGT, and 12 DEP, while the validation cohort included 27 ND, 15 IGT, and 20 DEP. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) employed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while immunocyte infiltration was determined using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Additionally, correlation analysis was conducted to establish the link between clinical characteristics and immunocyte infiltration. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and random forest combined to identify biomarkers indicating glycemic deterioration in DP patients. These biomarkers were further validated through independent cohorts and animal experiments. With glycemic deterioration, biological processes in the pancreatic islets such as nutrient metabolism and complex immune responses are disrupted in DP patients. The expression of ACOT4, B2M, and ACKR2 was upregulated, whereas the expression of CACNA1F was downregulated. Immunocyte infiltration in the islet microenvironment showed a significant positive correlation with the age, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c and glycemia at the 2-h of patients. It was a crucial factor in glycemic deterioration. Additionally, B2M demonstrated a significant positive correlation with immunocyte infiltration and clinical features. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting confirmed the upregulation in B2M. Immunofluorescent staining suggested the alteration of B2M was mainly in the alpha cells and beta cells. Overall, the study showed that gradually increased immunocyte infiltration was a significant contributor to glycemic deterioration in patients with DP, and it also highlighted B2M as a biomarker.

Abstract Background Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common obstruction of intestinal content passage caused by almost all abdominal operations that seriously strokes the quality of life of patients. Kuanchang-Shu granule (KCSG), a classic modified prescription based on “Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction”, has obtained satisfactory efficacy in the clinical therapeutics of POI. However, its material basis and holistic molecular mechanism against POI have not been revealed. Methods The chemical ingredients of KCSG were first characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Subsequently, an integration strategy of the network pharmacology and molecular docking based on above identified ingredients was performed to unveil the potential targets involved in the treatment of KCSG on POI. Finally, intestinal manipulation induced rat POI model was constructed to verify the efficacy and predicted mechanism of KCSG against POI. Results In total, 246 ingredients mainly including organic acids, flavonoids, quinones, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and phenols were identified. 41 essential ingredients, 24 crucial targets as well as 15 relevant signaling pathways were acquired based on network pharmacology analysis. Pharmacodynamic research showed that KCSG treatment could protect intestinal histological damage, promote the recovery of measurement of gastrointestinal transit disorder and inhibit the secretion of myeloperoxidase in the distal ileum tissues. The up-regulated expression of p-AKT and down-regulated expression of p-eNOS and HSP9OAA1 predicted by molecular docking and validated by western blotting showed that AKT/eNOS/HSP90AA1 pathway may be one of the crucial mechanisms that mediates the protective effect of KCSG.

SiC-based ceramic matrix composites (SiC-CMC) are an ideal material for aeroengines with high thrust/mass ratio.In order to prevent the corrosion of SiC-CMC by gas (rich in H2O and O2) in the engine, it is necessary to prepare environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) with excellent water and oxygen corrosion resistance, gas erosion resistance and thermal shock resistance. Among many factors that evaluate the performance of EBCs, the bonding strength between EBCs and SiC-CMC matrix is an important indicator, but the limit value of the bonding strength has not been clearly explored.In this paper, main factors to control the bonding strength were studied in order to reach the highest value, including the SiC-CMC matrix state, the tensile strength limit of single crystal Si, and the preparation process of the Si bonding layer, etc. In the SiC-CMC/EBCs system, the interface between the SiC fiber cloth is the weakest part of the bonding strength, followed by the Si bonding layer. The bonding strength limit is 15 MPa, which is the tensile strength limit of single crystal Si in the [400] crystal direction. The bonding strength of the Si layer using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) or high velocity oxygen-fuel(HVOF) is similar, which is lower than that of mullite or Yb2Si2O7 layer sprayed by the same process.

This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of plasma troponin I concentration and establish the 99th percentile reference for hs-cTnI in a hospitalized population without a cardiovascular discharge diagnosis from the Shandong area.

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an unpredictable and potentially fatal disorder. A derailed or unbalanced immune response may be the root of the disease’s severe course. Disorders of lipid metabolism are highly correlated with the occurrence and severity of AP. We aimed to characterize the contribution and immunological characteristics of lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) in non-mild acute pancreatitis (NMAP) and identify a robust subtype and biomarker for NMAP. Methods The expression mode of LMRGs and immune characteristics in NMAP were examined. Then LMRG-derived subtypes were identified using consensus clustering. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to determine hub genes and perform functional enrichment analyses. Multiple machine learning methods were used to build the diagnostic model for NMAP patients. To validate the predictive effectiveness, nomograms, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used. Using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and single-cell analysis to study the biological roles of model genes. Results Dysregulated LMRGs and immunological responses were identified between NMAP and normal individuals. NMAP individuals were divided into two LMRG-related subtypes with significant differences in biological function. The cluster-specific genes are primarily engaged in the regulation of defense response, T cell activation, and positive regulation of cytokine production. Moreover, we constructed a two-gene prediction model with good performance. The expression of CARD16 and MSGT1 was significantly increased in NMAP samples and positively correlated with neutrophil and mast cell infiltration. GSVA results showed that they are mainly upregulated in the T cell receptor complex, immunoglobulin complex circulating, and some immune-related routes. Single-cell analysis indicated that CARD16 was mainly distributed in mixed immune cells and macrophages, and MGST1 was mainly distributed in exocrine glandular cells. Conclusions This study presents a novel approach to categorizing NMAP into different clusters based on LMRGs and developing a reliable two-gene biomarker for NMAP.

ObjectiveThe use of pesticides is one of the root causes of food safety problems. Pesticide exposure and pesticide residues can not only lead to environmental pollution issues but also seriously affect human health. In order to meet the rapid and sensitive detection needs of pesticide residues in agricultural products, a method based on lemon juice reduction to prepare silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is reported in this research.MethodsFirst, fresh lemon juice was filtered through filter paper and diluted to a 2% lemon juice aqueous solution. Then, a certain concentration of AgNO3 solution, 50 mm NaOH solution were prepared and stored at room temperature. Then, 10 mL ddH2O, 2 mL NaOH, 2 mL 2% lemon juice, and 5 mL AgNO3 solution were mixed. When the solution turned to a clear yellow color, the solution was centrifuged to obtain AgNPs. The morphology and structure of AgNPs were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to verify the successful synthesis of the nanoparticles and the distribution characteristics of the nanoparticles, ultraviolet spectroscopy was used for measurement and analysis, and 4-ATP was used as a SERS probe to preliminarily verify the SERS enhancement performance of AgNPs. Furthermore, the content of the main reducing components in lemon juice, namely ascorbic acid, glucose, and fructose was analyzed. The content of ascorbic acid in lemon juice was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the content of glucose and fructose in lemon juice was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. To verify the stability and uniformity of the SERS signal of the nanoparticles, 4-ATP was used as an surface enhancement of raman scattering (SERS) probe for detection analysis. The stability of the SERS performance of the colloidal substrate within 41 days and the SERS performance at temperatures ranging from 0-80 °C were analyzed. Using 4-ATP as the SERS probe, the experimental conditions were optimized for the preparation of AgNPs by the lemon juice method, including pH and AgNO3 concentration. To validate the practical usability of the nanoparticles, the solutions of paraquat and carbendazim and the detection limits of pesticide residues on different fruits and vegetables were detected by SERS.Results and discussionsThe method for preparing AgNPs has the advantages of simple operation, green and easy synthesis. The particle morphology and size of the prepared AgNPs were basically uniform, with a size of about 20 nm. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum of AgNPs solution showed that the absorption peak was about 400 nm and the peak shape was narrow, indicating that the colloidal solution had good homogeneity. The detection limit of 4-ATP as the SERS probe was 10-14 M, indicating that the nanoparticle had a good SERS. In addition, the content of ascorbic acid, the main reducing ingredient, in lemon juice measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was 395.76 μg/mL. The contents of glucose and fructose, which were the main reducing components in lemon juice, were 5.95 and 5.90 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the characterization and analysis results of the AgNPs prepared by the mixed reducing solution prepared according to the concentration data of each component showed that the AgNPs obtained were also uniform in morphology and size, with a diameter of about 20 nm, but the SERS enhancement performance was not as good as that of the AgNPs reduced by lemon juice. The SERS signal uniformity of the AgNPs reduced by lemon juice analyzed results showed that the peak intensity of the SERS spectral of 4-ATP at different sites at the same concentration was not significantly changed for 15 times, and its standard deviation RSD=5.03%, which was much lower than the intersubstrate RSD value (

Abstract Pancreatitis is a crucial risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and our previous study had proved high-temperature requirement protein A1 (HTRA1) exacerbates pancreatitis insult; however, the function and mechanism of HTRA1 in pancreatitis-initiated PDAC is still unclear. In the present paper, we clarified the expression of HTRA1 in PDAC using bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry of tissue chip, and found that HTRA1 is significantly upregulated in PDAC. Moreover, the proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion of PANC-1 and SW1990 cells were promoted by overexpression of HTRA1, but inhibited by knockdown of HTRA1. Meanwhile, we found that HTRA1 arrested PANC-1 and SW1990 cells at G2/M phase. Mechanistically, HTRA1 interacted with CDK1 protein, and CDK1 inhibitor reversed the malignant phenotype of PANC-1 and pancreatitis-initiated PDAC activated by HTRA1 overexpression. Finally, we discovered a small molecule drug that can inhibit HTRA1, carfilzomib, which has been proven to inhibit the biological functions of tumor cells in vitro and intercept the progression of pancreatitis-initiated PDAC in vivo. In conclusion, the activation of HTRA1-CDK1 pathway promotes the malignant phenotype of tumor cells by blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, thereby accelerating pancreatitis-initiated PDAC. Carfilzomib is an innovative candidate drug that can inhibit pancreatitis-initiated PDAC through targeted inhibition of HTRA1.

BackgroundIn thermal pipelines of nuclear power systems, thermal stratification is a common phenomenon that can cause stress concentration and deformation of pipeline structures, thereby leading to safety hazards. A stagnant branch pipe is connected to the main coolant pipe, and a large temperature difference exists between the fluid in the pipe and the coolant in the main pipe of the primary circuit. Due to factors such as turbulent flow penetration and valve leakage, thermal stratification is prone to occur in the branch pipe.PurposeThis study aims to analyze the temperature change characteristics and flow characteristics of thermal stratification in stagnant branch pipes and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent experimental research and stress analysis.MethodsFirstly, a stagnant branch pipe model was established, and numerical simulation of thermal stratification phenomenon in stagnant branch pipes was conducted using FLUENT 2022 to analyze the temperature variation characteristics of the pipe wall and the distribution characteristics of the flow field inside the pipe. Then, the SST k-ω model was used to perform three-dimensional numerical simulation of the thermal stratification of stagnant branch pipes, with a leakage flow rate of 0.062 kg·s-1, leakage temperature of 488.15 K, and leakage pressure of 6 MPa.ResultsThermal stratification is prone to occur in horizontal pipe sections. Without insulation measures and a large pipe diameter, thermal stratification can be exacerbated, while the curved section can effectively reduce the temperature difference of the cross-section. A backflow phenomenon occurs in the horizontal section of the stagnant branch pipe, while the structure of the large and small end pipe sections causes secondary backflow in the flow field inside the pipe. The backflow phenomenon is not conducive to the mixing of cold and hot fluids in the pipe; consequently, the influence time of thermal stratification is longer.ConclusionsA significant difference in the thermal stratification phenomenon exists between the stagnant branch pipe and equal cross-section pipes.

Flow battery is an ideal choice for long-term and large-scale energy storage due to its advantages of numerous charge-discharge cycles, high capacity and long lifespan. However, the flow battery's complex structure poses high demands on battery control system, and traditional development methods are challenging to meet the flow battery system's diverse control requirements. To address this problem, a method for developing a flow battery control system based on event-driven technology is proposed, which aims to improve control precision and real-time performance. The proposed approach firstly presents a main-auxiliary stack synergistic architecture to address issues such as high stability requirements and large internal losses of flow batteries, and the architecture is modeled and analyzed. Then, the control system is designed by modularization based on event-driven technology, including the modules of flexible charging-discharging control, black start-up control strategy with auxiliary stacks, and state of charge (SOC) estimation based on Kalman filtering. Finally, a semi-physical simulation platform is built to validate the proposed architecture and strategies, which demonstrates that the proposed architecture and strategies can improve the energy conversion efficiency and stability of the system.

With the deep involvement of Chinese oil enterprises in global oil production and the breaking of the integrated management mode of production, transportation and marketing for Chinese oil and gas companies, it's necessary to have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of crude oil custody measurement. Herein, the five major standard systems of crude oil custody measurement worldwide were sorted out. Comprehensive analysis was conducted for the application of crude oil custody measurement standards in different regions of the world, their interrelationship, and the development of relevant Chinese standards in the oil and gas field. The overall management level concerning the selection of main parameters of custody measurement, the accuracy of relevant instrument and equipment, and their calibration and verification, were analyzed systematically by comparing the requirements of different standard systems in terms of the base condition, oil measurement system, oil test and the calibration of measuring equipment. In addition, four measurement design schemes were summarized by analyzing the design schemes for custody measurement of multiple in-service crude oil pipelines by classification. Further, the quality bank of crude oil was included in the design schemes to improve the measurement management level. Generally, the research results could provide a useful reference for the promotion of relevant oil and gas standards in the emerging region and the design of various custody measurement schemes.

Improving light-harvesting efficiency and suppressing interfacial charge recombination are of paramount importance to the development of Cu (II/I) redox shuttle-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here, we present a rational molecular engineering on D-A-π-A organic sensitizers featuring with fluorenyl-substituted bulky donor (HY57, HY60, and HY61) for Cu (II/I) mediated DSSCs. By gradually enhancing conjugation and rigidity of the π-spacer and auxiliary acceptor moieties, the light-harvesting and electron-injection efficiencies can be simultaneously improved. The large size of fluorenyl-substituted arylamine donor together with abundant alkyl chains decorated on the molecular structures assist dense assembly of dye monolayer at surface of nanocrystalline TiO2, which largely suppress interfacial charge recombination losses. When applied in Cu (II/I) mediated DSSCs, the combination of an auxiliary acceptor of phenanthrene-fused-quinoxaline (PFQ) and a π-spacer of cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) in dye HY61 results in a simultaneous enhancement in short-circuit current (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC), thus improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 7.3% for reference dye HY59 to 10.3% for HY61. This study demonstrates that rigid and fused building block is promising towards constructing highly efficient organic sensitizers.

AbstractContext Qingyi granules can be used to effectively treat patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Objective To elucidate the role of gut microbiota-mediated metabolism in the therapeutic effects of Qingyi granules.Materials and methods Sprague–Dawley rats were grouped into the sham operation, SAP model, Qingyi granule intervention (Q, 1.8 g/kg) and emodin intervention (E, 50 mg/kg) groups and observed for 24 h. H&E staining and ELISA were used for histopathological analysis and serum enzyme and cytokine assays. 16S rDNA sequencing and UHPLC-HRMS were used for gut microbiota analysis and untargeted metabolomics.Results In SAP rats, Qingyi granules decreased the pancreatic pathological score (Q, 7.4 ± 1.14; SAP, 11.6 ± 1.14, p

Runoff prediction is of great importance to water utilization and water-project regulation. Although sun activity has been considered an important factor in runoff, little modeling has been constructed. This study put forward a forecast heuristic combining back propagation neural network (BPNN) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for annual runoff based on sunspot number and applied it to the Yellow River of China for the period 1956–2016 and assessed the contribution of the sunspot number by placing sole BPNN modeling on the time series as a contrast. First, the heuristic is made up of BPNN calibration and PSO optimization: (1) we use historical data to calibrate BPNN models and obtain a prediction of the sunspot number for training and testing stages; (2) we use the PSO to minimize the difference between the predicted runoff of both BPNN and a linear equation for forecasting stage. Second, the application offers interesting findings: (1) while BPNN calibration obtains first-class forecasting with the ratio >85% with

Black phosphorus (BP) has garnered significant interest in the field of biomedicine because of its exceptional degradability. The oxidation product of BP phosphate has been utilized in numerous studies for the purpose of repairing bone defects and inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Nevertheless, this process has drawbacks in terms of low yield and a slow rate of phosphate production. In this study, we found that the oxidation rate of BP was increased 120-fold and the yield proportion of phosphate BP product was increased from 30% to 85% with the presence of less than 0.1% copper ions (Cu2+) in the reaction system. The enhancement was attributed to the fact that the presence of Cu2+ promoted the bonding of oxygen on the BP surface and then the desorption of phosphate molecules from the BP surface. This study offers a novel perspective on the process of BP oxidation and introduces innovative concepts for the development of biological drug delivery systems capable of rapid decomposition.

Ambient air pollution is a major global health concern. Yet, no study has thoroughly assessed its link to respiratory mortality. Our research evaluated the combined and individual effects of air pollutants on respiratory mortality risks based on the UK Biobank. A total of 366,478 participants were studied. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the respiratory mortality risk from combined long-term exposure to five pollutants, summarized as a weighted air pollution score. During a median of 13.6 years of follow-up, 6113 deaths due to respiratory diseases were recorded. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of respiratory diseases were 2.64 (2.05–3.39), 1.62 (1.23–2.12), 2.06 (1.73–2.45), 1.20 (1.16–1.25), and 1.07 (1.05–1.08) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM2.5–10, PM10, NO2, and NOx, respectively. The air pollution score showed a dose-response association with an elevated respiratory mortality risk. The highest versus lowest quartile air pollution score was linked to a 44% increase in respiratory mortality risk (HR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.33–1.57), with consistent findings in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Long-term individual and joint air-pollutant exposure showed a dose-response association with an increased respiratory mortality risk, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive air-pollutant assessment to protect public health.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor that originates from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa. The latest global cancer statistics show that GC ranks fifth in incidence and fourth in mortality among all cancers, posing a serious threat to public health. While early-stage GC is primarily treated through surgery, chemotherapy is the frontline option for advanced cases. Currently, commonly used chemotherapy regimens include FOLFOX (oxaliplatin + leucovorin + 5-fluorouracil) and XELOX (oxaliplatin + capecitabine). However, with the widespread use of chemotherapy, an increasing number of cases of drug resistance have emerged. This article primarily explores the potential mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in GC patients from five perspectives: cell death, tumor microenvironment, non-coding RNA, epigenetics, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Additionally, it proposes feasibility strategies to overcome drug resistance from four angles: cancer stem cells, tumor microenvironment, natural products, and combined therapy. The hope is that this article will provide guidance for researchers in the field and bring hope to more GC patients.

BackgroundPsychological capital has a significant impact on individual post-traumatic growth and well-being. However， there is limited research on the psychological capital and its related factors among parents of children with leukemia.ObjectiveTo explore the psychological capital status of parents of children with leukemia and analyze its influencing factors， in order to provide references for formulating intervention strategies to improve the psychological capital among these parents.MethodsFrom March 2021 to April 2022， 143 parents of children diagnosed with leukemia from the Department of Pediatrics at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University was selected. The general demographic information questionnaire， Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire （PPQ）， Chinese-Posttraumatic Growth Inventory （C-PTGI） and Index of Well-being Scale （IWB） were used to investigate the participants. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological capital.ResultsThe PPQ total score for parents of children with leukemia was （113.48±15.80）. The PPQ total score showed positive correlations with the scores of C-PTGI and IWB （r=0.727， 0.598， P