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The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation Shengqiyichang Decoction (SQYCD) has been reported to stimulate host immunity, and it has been administered for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we applied network and bioinformatics analyses to elucidate the mechanisms by which SQYCD ameliorates CRC and validated its modes of action via in vivo and in vitro experiments. We identified 46 active compounds in SQYCD and selected 237 proteins as potential therapeutic targets in CRC, most notably p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38⍺). Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated differential expression in CRC tissues and prognostic value of the genes encoding TNFα, MAPK14, CASP-3, MAPK1, AKT1, PRKACA, VEGF, IL-6, EGFR and ESR1. We then plotted receiver operating curves (ROC) and time-ROC for the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) ESR1 and AKT1 to predict the progress of CRC. We speculated that the AKT/p38α-MAPK signaling pathway is associated with the clinical prognosis of CRC. In a mouse model, we found that SQYCD inhibits CRC tumor growth by increasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell abundance and decreasing the ratio of T-regulatory cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment. In cultured mouse CRC cells, SQYCD selectively upregulated levels of the CRC-associated protein lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G6D, while the AKT activator SC-79 reversed this effect. The discoveries made herein suggest that SQYCD exerts a therapeutic effect in CRC by inhibiting Treg recruitment via inhibition of the AKT/p38α/LY6G6D signaling axis.

An edible film using gellan gum, black rice anthocyanins, and titanium dioxide as raw materials were prepared. The effect of edible film on blueberries coating preservation was investigated. Firstly, scanning electron microscopy revealed that there were no obvious cracks or delamination in the cross sections of the gellan gum film (GG), gellan gum, and black rice anthocyanin, composite film (GG-BRA), and gellan gum, black rice anthocyanin, and titanium dioxide composite film (GG-BRA-TiO2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further showed that gellan gum was interacted with black rice anthocyanin and titanium dioxide through non covalent bond. The antibacterial experiment indicated that the GG-BRA-TiO2 composite film had a good antibacterial activity, in which size of the antibacterial circle for Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and bread's yeast were 4.14, 2.77 and 3.55 (mm), respectively. Secondly, the composite film was used for the preservation of blueberries. The results showed that the GG-BRA and GG-BRA-TiO2 coating groups could slow down the rate of physicochemical properties changes during blueberry fruit storage. Among them, the preservation effect of GG-BRA-TiO2 composite film was better than that of GG-BRA composite film. After 10 days of storage, the weight loss rate, hardness, anthocyanins, total phenols, and the activity of polyphenol oxidase were decreased by 1.56%, 23.69%, 18.44%, 12.71%, and 14.00% compared to the control group, respectively. Therefore, GG-BRA-TiO2 composite film showed good water resistance and antibacterial properties and could be used as a promising coating and preservation material in food packaging.

Sharp-bending waveguide is a key element for ultra-compact and densely integrated photonic devices, which is promising to enlarge the capability of modern information processing in a single chip. Topological photonics manifest the nature of robust propagation against sharp bending and such robustness has been experimentally demonstrated in topological integrated interfaces. It is important to quantify the bending loss of topological interface but has remained exclusive. In this work, we report on the characterization of sharp-bending robustness in the integrated topological interface of valley photonic crystals (VPCs) by experimentally quantifying the ultralow bending loss. The VPCs are designed on a standard silicon-on-insulator platform with the inversion-symmetry broken in honeycomb lattice, and four types of topological interfaces can be constructed by two topologically-distinct VPCs. As one of the representative cases, zigzag-AA interface is applied to demonstrate the robust propagation along sharp bending. In experiment, we fabricate a series of VPC interfaces with different turn number and the same transmission distance, which perform the ultralow bending loss less than 0.02 dB per 120-deg turning. Furthermore, we experimentally characterize the propagation loss in the integrated interfaces. Our approach not only shows the ability of VPC topological interfaces to suppress backscattering stemming from sharp bending, but also paves the way for topological nanophotonic dense integration.

The innovative interdisciplinary integration teaching of interior design and environmental design courses results from the interaction between the development of disciplines and the needs of the times, individual aesthetic needs, and the optimization of the human habitat. Based on the STEAM teaching theory, the article analyzes the advantages of interdisciplinary integration teaching and establishes the teaching mode for interior design and environmental design courses. Students of interior design at a university were selected as the research object, and a system for evaluating teaching quality was established. The weights of evaluation indexes were solved using the rough set method, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was combined with it to conduct a thorough evaluation of the interdisciplinary, integrated teaching mode. A comparison experiment was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary integration teaching mode. After conducting the teaching comparison experiment, the mean value of the posttest scores for core literacy students in class A is 27.22 points higher than that of class B. The difference in occupational physical, mental, and behavioral literacy weighting is only 0.13%, and the overall evaluation score for the quality of interdisciplinary integrated teaching is 8.183. Introducing multidisciplinary integration teaching can improve students’ interior design abilities and help improve the quality of training in interior design and environmental design talents in colleges and universities.

In this paper, the HSV color space model is used to collect the color characteristics of modern interior design and classify them into three types: hue (H), saturation (S), and luminance (V). At the same time, it combines with the theory of color psychology to construct a PAD emotion model for interior design. Then, it selects experimental samples and data analysis tools to carry out an example analysis of interior design from the emotional perspective. The data show that the selection of people warm and bright color interior design in the interior design of the background color across the amplitude of the largest and more concentrated in the 47.5°, the main body color across the amplitude of the smallest and most stable, the accent color value of the whole relatively high, the highest 123.6°, the background color saturation is the highest of 34.6°, and the brightness of more than 63.9°, the overall presentation of the warmth of comfort indoor environment. Error-values were 0.004, 0.0698, and 0.038 in order, with the errors all below 10%. This study integrates psychology and color into interior emotional design to better create visually appropriate, comfortable, and culturally rich interior environments for people, and also to promote the development of the interior design field.

Abstract Background Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare cardiac anomaly and can lead to abnormal electrical activity of the heart. The implant of a pacemaker in such patients is more complicated than conventional operations. This case report of an adult with ccTGA who had a leadless pacemaker implant will provide a reference for diagnosing and treating such patients. Case presentation A 50-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital having experienced intermittent vision loss for a month. An electrocardiogram and Holter monitoring showed intermittent third-degree atrioventricular block, and echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a diagnosis of ccTGA. A leadless pacemaker was successfully implanted into the patient’s anatomical left ventricle, and the postoperative parameters were stable. Conclusion Implanting a leadless pacemaker into a patient with a rare anatomical and electrophysiological abnormality, such as ccTGA, is feasible and efficacious, but preoperative imaging evaluation is of considerable importance.

Metamaterial absorbers over a broadband spectrum with high absorption, good angular tolerance, and easy configurations have essential importance for optical and optoelectronic devices. In this study, a hybrid metamaterial absorber comprising multilayered cermet thin films (multi-cermet) with tapered structure is designed and experimentally demonstrated. Combining optical interference of multi-cermet films and optical field localization of nano-cone structures, the average absorbance of both simulation and measurement are more than 98% in an ultrabroad bandwidth (300–3000 nm), and the proposed absorber shows a good angular tolerance as well. The composite process of two easy-operated and efficient methods, colloidal lithography, and magnetron sputtering, is employed for large-area fabrication. In addition, owing to flexible polyimide substrate, the proposed absorber also shows good bending and heating resistance, which reflects its potential in engineering application.

O2 mixed with CO2 gas has been successfully applied in converter smelting; however, up to now, there have been few studies regarding the jet characteristics of the mixed injection of the swirl oxygen lance nozzle and the influence of different ambient temperature conditions on jet characteristics compared with common nozzles. In this study, Fluent software was used to simulate the jet characteristics of a four-hole common nozzle and a four-hole swirl nozzle under four different ambient temperature conditions to inject 95% O2 + 5% CO2 and analyze the influence of different ambient temperatures on nozzle-jet characteristics. The results show that with an increase in the ambient temperature, the jet-axis velocity and nozzle centerline speed increase. Under the same distance condition, the distance between the maximum radial velocity point of the jet and the centerline of the nozzle becomes larger, with a velocity greater than that of the swirl nozzle. However, the influence of the ambient temperature on the offset of the jet centerline is small. With an increase in the ambient temperature and distance, the jet-axis temperature increases and the temperature of the nozzle centerline decreases. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal design of a CO2 + O2 swirl oxygen lance nozzle.

Objective To compare the difference between the health literacy level of elderly in Guangzhou in 2021 and 2023, and thus to provide government and institutions with a scientific data for enhancing health literacy level. Methods Two surveys were conducted respectively in 2021 and 2023, and SPSS 19.0 was used for χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis. Results The level of elderly’s health literacy in Guangzhou in 2023 and 2021 are respectively 19.3% and 12.7%, but both of them are at a low level. Educational level and health state are the influencing factors for elderly’s health literacy. Conclusion Health literacy of elderly in Guangzhou is relatively low and needs improving, especially in health skills, prevention and control of infectious diseases literacy. The government, community and elderly’s family and elderly themselves should work together to improve the health literacy of elderly people.

Objective To understand the health literacy level and its influencing factors of elderly in Guangzhou, so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating effective intervention measures and policies. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to conduct a survey on health literacy among elderly in Guangzhou in 2022. Logistic regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of their health literacy level. Results The total level of elderly’s health literacy in Guangzhou is 16.9%; From the three dimensions of health literacy, 13.6% of elderly have health knowledge and conceptual literacy, 23.7% of healthy lifestyle and behaviour, and 3.4% of health skills literacy. From high to low, the level of the six aspects of health literacy are scientific health concept literacy (37.3%), safety and emergency literacy (35.7%), health information literacy (28.9%), basic medical literacy (25.4%), chronic disease prevention and control literacy (15.3%), and infectious disease prevention and control literacy (11.9%). And there are significant differences among elderly of different ages, educational level, housing population and years of having diseases (P

In order to solve the failure of support structure of tunnel in high stress soft rock, based on the principle of reasonably releasing the stress in surrounding rocks and reducing the stress of support structure, a hydraulic tunnel graded yielding support structure is proposed. Considering the spatial effect of the excavation surface and the strain softening condition of the surrounding rocks, by analyzing the attenuation law of the virtual supporting force, the static balance equation of stress in the surrounding rocks, the virtual support force and the support reaction force is established. The synergy between the supporting structure and the surrounding rocks at each stage is studied to generate the relationship between the displacement and stress of the surrounding rocks in the whole deformation process of the support structure. The supporting effect of the proposed graded yielding support structure is revealed. The results show that the stress of surrounding rocks is significantly released at the two yielding stages and the deformation characteristics of surrounding rocks are consistent with the yielding characteristics of structure. The simulation results show the consistent variation trend with that of the theoretical values, which verifies the rationality of the theoretical analysis. The proposed yielding support structure can effectively release the stress in the surrounding rocks and reduce the stress of the supporting structure. It can avoid the yield failure of the support structure, solving the support problem of the tunnel in the soft rock with high stress, which can provide theoretical support for the application and development of the support structure.

Cicada flower is a valuable edible and medicinal mushroom. Polysaccharides are the most important active ingredients of cicada flower. This paper reviewed the extraction, separation and purification technologies of cicada flower polysaccharides in recent years. Also, it analyzed the biological activities of cicada flower polysaccharides, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, immune regulation, bacteriostasis, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, anti-virus and ease pain. Moreover, the development and application of products were summarized and the existing problems and future research directions were also discussed.

In view of the imperfection of the calculation method of horizontal frost heaving force in the design of L-shaped retaining wall in permafrost area, based on the Lifkin foundation model and the cooperative deformation principle between retaining wall and soil, a simplified calculation model of horizontal frost heave effect of L-shaped retaining wall with or without soil replacement behind the wall is established, and the proposed calculation model is solved by superposition principle and finite difference method. Furthermore, the water-thermal-mechanical coupling analysis software is developed by MATLAB. Combined with an engineering example, the horizontal frost heaving force obtained by using the proposed calculation method is compared with the field measured value, the corrected earth pressure value, the code empirical value and the simulation value of the coupling software. The results show that: (1) the horizontal frost heaving force obtained by the proposed calculation method is in good agreement with the field measured value and numerical simulation value, while the corrected earth pressure value and the code empirical value underestimate the effect of horizontal frost heaving force on the retaining wall; (2) compared with the code empirical value and field measured value, the horizontal frost heaving force obtained by the proposed calculation method presents two distribution modes of parabola and trapezoid along the wall height, which is more general; (3) the multifield coupling analysis shows that the frost heaving force trend obtained by the proposed calculation method is similar to the trend obtained by the coupling method, which indicates the feasibility of the calculation method and can provide some theoretical support and guidance for the design of L-shaped retaining wall in permafrost area.

The tungsten tube products with the large size and high relative density have the important application in the quartz smelting industry. To overcome the problems of cracking and low relative density in the preparation process of the large size tungsten tube, the mixing experiments of tungsten powders with the different particle sizes were carried out, and the effect of mixing time on the compaction strength was studied. It is found that the particle size distribution can be effectively reduced and the particle uniformity can be improved by the further air crushing treatment for the mixed tungsten powders. When the pressing pressure is more than 230 MPa, the compaction strength will not be improved by prolonging the holding time or increasing the pressing pressure.The temperature for the tungsten tube with the higher shrinkage rate concentrates below 1600 ℃ in the sintering experiment by slow temperature rising. Therefore, the relative density of the tungsten tube can be improved by prolonging the sintering time at medium and low temperature.

In order to study the influence mechanisms of microstructure stability of high generation single crystal superalloys, the D1 and D2 alloys which contain 6%(mass fraction) Ru and 4.5%Ru respectively were prepared after complete heat treatment and long-term aging at 980 ℃ for 1000 h. The microstructure and alloying element distribution at different scales were examined and the results were analyzed combining with thermodynamic calculation. The results show that there are still high content of refractory elements segregating in the dendrite region after complete heat treatment, inducing to TCP precipitation in the dendrite after long-term aging. Ru and Re are the main forming elements of TCP in both D1 and D2 alloys, and more TCP phase precipitates in D1 alloy which contains more Ru than in D2 alloy. Because both Ru and Re can increase the d-orbital energy level of single crystal superalloy, higher Ru and Re content leads to more TCP phase precipitation. However, since Ru can reduce the segregation degree of Re in γ phase, the increase of Ru content can reduce the adverse effect of Re on the microstructure stability of single crystal superalloy. In this study, Ru plays a more significant role in promoting TCP phase precipitation, leading to more TCP phase precipitating in D1 alloy than in D2 alloy after long-term aging at 980 ℃ for 1000 h.

In view of the TIN_DDM buffer surface existing in the construction and application of special data type, algorithm efficiency and precision are not matching; the paper applied the rolling ball model in the process of TIN_DDM buffer surface construction. Based on the precision limitation analysis of rolling ball model, the overall precision control method of rolling ball model has been established. Considering the efficiency requirement of TIN_DDM buffer surface construction, the influence principle of key sampling points and rolling ball radius to TIN_DDM buffer surface construction efficiency has been elaborated, and the rule of identifying key sampling points has also been designed. Afterwards, by erecting the numerical relationship between key sampling points and rolling ball radius, a TIN_DDM buffer surface construction algorithm based on rolling ball acceleration optimization model has been brought forward. The time complexity of the algorithm is O(n). The experiments show that the algorithm could realize the TIN_DDM buffer surface construction with high efficiency, and the algorithm precision is controlled with in 2σ.

PBRM1 appears as a tumor suppressor gene in a variety of tumors. The value of PBRM1 mutation or expression is different for the prognosis prediction of different kinds of tumors. Studies have revealed that JAK/STAT3, PBRM1/RLR and other signals were participated in the process of PBRM1 activating immune system, inflammatory responses and the transform of inflammation to cancer. This process modified the sensitivity of the patients to biological targeted therapy and immune checkpoint therapy. The combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor and targeted drug is the develop trends of cancer therapy in the future. In this review, we discuss the role of PBRM1 in the prognosis guidance of patients with different tumors, and explain the importance of PBRM1 detection in guiding the selection of drugs and treatment strategies and evaluating the efficacy.

Selective transmission or filtering always responds to either frequency or incident angle, so as hardly to maximize signal-to-noise ratio in communication, detection and sensing. Here, we propose compact meta-filters of narrow-frequency sharp-angular transmission peak along with broad omnidirectional reflection sidebands, in all-dielectric cascaded subwavelength meta-gratings. The inherent collective resonance of waveguide-array modes and thin film approximation of meta-grating are employed as the design strategy. A unity transmission peak, locating at the incident angle of 44.4° and the center wavelength of 1550 nm, is demonstrated in a silicon meta-filter consisting of two-layer silicon rectangular meta-grating. These findings provide possibilities in cascaded meta-gratings spectroscopic design and alternative utilities for high signal-to-noise ratio applications in focus-free spatial filtering and anti-noise systems in telecommunications.

In order to study the effects of check corrosion on the high cycle fatigue properties of a kind of nickel base single crystal superalloy, the samples with standard heat treatment were corroded twice and four times with FeCl3+HCl+H2O, respectively. Then the surface topographies of uncorroded, twice corroded and four-time corroded samples were observed with Leica DCM8 confocal microscope and SEM. After that, in ambient atmosphere, the uncorroded and four-time corroded samples were subjected to rotary bending high cycle fatigue (HCF) testing at 760℃and 980℃, respectively. The results show that the surface roughness of uncorroded samples is low, and there are many longitudinal fine scratches in parallel resulting from polishing on the surface. After twice corrosion, the scratches are reduced, the corrosion pits appear in interdendrite areas, and the surface roughness increases. After four-time corrosion, the scratches are removed completely, and the depth of corrosion pits and surface roughness further increase. The high cycle fatigue property of the alloy at 760℃ decreases after four-time corrosion, and the high stress amplitude zone is more affected than low stress amplitude zone. However, the high cycle fatigue property at 980℃ is rarely affected after four-time corrosion.

In order to compare the health literacy level of college students in Guangdong province in 2020 and 2022, so as to provide a scientific basis for targeted health literacy intervention and policy formulation for college students in Guangdong province, surveys were respectively conducted in 2020 and 2022. The data collation and analysis were performed using SPSS 19.0 statistical software. The χ2 test was used to compare different health literacy, and logistic regression was performed to analyse the factors influencing health literacy. The results show that the general health literacy level of college students in Guangdong province in 2022 is 46.5%, 6.3% higher than 40.2% in 2020, which difference is statistically significant. The three dimensions and six aspects of health literacy all have improved. The results of both years showed that health skills, basic medical literacy and health information literacy were at a low level. According to logistic regression analysis, the health literacy level of senior students is higher than that of junior students，and those who have taken health related courses have higher health literacy level. The most desirable type of health knowledge is prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and the new media access is becoming more popular among students to gain health knowledge. In conclusion, Guangdong college students’ health literacy is relatively high, but still needs to be improved, especially in health skills, basic medical care and health information literacy. The government, colleges and universities should work together to improve college students’ health literacy.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to evaluate micro-structural changes and structural connectivity in the TX mice model of Wilson's disease (WD) at 9.4 T. Region of interest (ROI) analysis showed that mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the hippocampus, caudate putamen and lateral globus pallidus of the TX mice decreased significantly, relative to those in the control mice. The mean diffusivity (MD) values in these regions showed no significant inter-group differences. The results of fiber tracking demonstrated that structural connectivity of in the brain of TX mice was maintained, indicating that the effects of copper accumulation in these mice were mainly regional.

Although parity-time (PT)-symmetric systems can exhibit real spectra in the exact PT-symmetry regime, PT-symmetry is actually not a necessary condition for the real spectra. Here, we show that non-PT-symmetric photonic crystals (PCs) carrying Dirac-like cone dispersions can always exhibit real spectra as long as the average non-Hermiticity strength within the unit cell for the eigenstates is zero. By building a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian model, we find that the real spectra of the non-PT-symmetric system can be explained using the concept of pseudo-Hermiticity. We demonstrate using effective medium theories that, in the long-wavelength limit, such non-PT-symmetric PCs behave like the so-called complex conjugate medium (CCM) whose refractive index is real but whose permittivity and permeability are complex numbers. The real refractive index for this effective CCM is guaranteed by the real spectrum of the PCs, and the complex permittivity and permeability come from non-PT-symmetric loss-gain distributions. We show some interesting phenomena associated with CCM, such as the lasing effect.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have focused on the effect of pH on separability, choosing an optimal pH by comparing the degree of separation in the determination of different arsenic species by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). OBJECTIVES To determine an effective analysis program by comparing the separation, sensitivity and analysis coat at different pH. METHODS Different species of arsenic compounds were determined by HPLC-ICP-MS, using 30mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate solution as the eluent. The retention time and peak strength of arsenic compounds were monitored when the pH of the eluent changed between 6.0 and 9.7. RESULTS In the pH ranges of 6.0-7.5 and 9.5-9.7, the chromatographic peaks of the arsenic compounds were well separated. When the pH value was 8.0-9.0, the peak order of As(Ⅲ) and DMA was exchanged as the pH value increased. When the pH was weakly acidic, the sensitivity of arsenic compounds was higher. When pH was alkaline, the analysis period became shorter and suitable for rapid analysis. About 70% of arsenic compounds in the alkaline eluent combined more strongly to the column and were retained in the column, shortening the life of the column. Acidic eluent was suitable for sample analysis at ultra-low concentrations (e.g. ≤ 10μg/L). CONCLUSIONS The effect of pH of eluent plays a crucial role in the determination of arsenic species by affecting the binding ability of arsenic compounds to chromatographic column. The acidic eluent has a great advantage in sensitivity. The alkaline eluent has obvious advantages of time and operation cost, but it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance of the chromatographic column.

The influence of cast steel shot-peening on the tensile properties of the second generation single crystal superalloy DD6 under 500, 600,650℃ was investigated by SEM, X-ray and TEM. The results show that the shot-peening has no influence on the tensile strength of DD6 alloy at 500, 600,650℃, and the yield strength is slightly increased, while the elongation and the shrinkage of cross section are remarkably decreased. The shot-peening DD6 alloy is ruptured after the flow stress rising to the highest point, and the cross section of fracture samples presents circle shape. The stress-strain curves of non-shot-peening DD6 alloy exhibit double stages feature, and the cross section of fracture samples presents ellipse shape.

In order to study the effect of recrystallization on the high cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of DD6 single crystal superalloy, the specimens of DD6 alloy after standard heat treatment were grit blasted and heat treated at 1120℃ and 1315℃ for 4h at vacuum atmosphere, respectively. Axial HCF tests on both raw and recrystallized samples were carried out, and then the recrystallization microstructures and fatigue fracture morphology of DD6 alloy were observed by SEM. The results show that cellular recrystallization and equiaxed recrystallization reduce the axial HCF properties of the alloy, and the effect of cellular recrystallization on the axial HCF properties is less than that of the equiaxed recrystallization. The axial HCF fracture mechanism of DD6 alloy with recrystallization is the maxed fracture of dimple fracture distributed in interdendritic region and cleavage-like fracture. Also, it is emphasized that DD6 alloy with recrystallization is a multiple fatigue crack initiation mechanism. Under high temperature conditions, the presence of recrystallization significantly promotes oxidative damage of alloy specimens, thereby accelerating the earlier crack initiation and propagation, which is responsible for fatigue degradation.

Vector beams with phase modulation in a high numerical aperture system are able to break through the diffraction limit. However, the implementation of such a device requires a combination of several discrete bulky optical elements, increasing its complexity and possibility of the optical loss. Dielectric metalens, an ultrathin and planar nanostructure, has a potential to replace bulky optical elements, but its optimization with full-wave simulations is time-consuming. In this paper, an accurate and efficient theoretical model of planar metalens is developed. Based on this model, a twofold optimization scheme is proposed for optimizing the phase profile of metalenses so as to achieve subdiffraction focusing with high focusing efficiency. Then, a metalens that enables to simultaneously generate radially polarized beam (RPB) and modulate its phase under the incidence of x-polarized light with the wavelength of 532 nm is designed. Full-wave simulations show that the designed metalens of NA = 0.95 can achieve subdiffraction focusing (FWHM = 0.429λ) with high transmission efficiency (77.6%) and focusing efficiency (17.2%). Additionally, superoscillation phenomenon is found, leading to a compromise between the subdiffraction spot and high efficiency. The proposed method may provide an accurate and efficient way to achieve sub-wavelength imaging with the expected performances, which shows a potential application in super-resolution imaging.

Nickel-base superalloy 617B is one of the most promising candidates for superheater and reheater pipes of advanced ultra-supercritical (AUSC) power plants.Hot extrusion is a key process during the manufacturing of superalloy 617B pipes.However, the high content of alloying elements in superalloy 617B makes microstructure control difficult during the hot extrusion process.Furthermore, to date, no systematical theoretical investigation has been conducted in the hot extrusion process control of superalloy 617B.Hence, in this work, the hot extrusion process of superalloy 617B tube was studied by finite element simulation using DEFORM-2D finite element software.The microstructure evolution during hot extrusion was considered by combining the microstructure evolution model of superalloy 617B and finite element simulation software.The microstructure evolution model was programmed using FORTRAN language and was developed using the finite element simulation software.The hot extrusion characteristics of superalloy 617B were systematically analyzed by the simulation.As a result, the evolution of temperature, grain size, and loading could be predicted quantitatively.At the same time, to optimize the hot extrusion parameters, microstructure-based hot extrusion control principles, including temperature principle, loading principle, precise microstructure control principle, were proposed considering practical hot extrusion process.Moreover, the control mechanism and application process of these principles were elaborated in detail in this paper.The hot extrusion parameters of superalloy 617B tube were optimized based on the proposed microstructure-based hot extrusion control principles.Under the guidance of the microstructure-based hot extrusion control principles, superalloy 617B tube with uniform axial dimension and good surface quality was extruded successfully in the factory.The practical extrusion result agrees well with the simulated one.Therefore, the establishment and validation of the simulation method and microstructure-based hot extrusion control principles can provide theoretical guidance for the hot extrusion process optimization of nickel-base superalloy tube in practical applications.

Vortex field in photonic metamaterials has been revealed in recent years, which provides an extra degree of freedom to control the behavior of electromagnetic waves, such as the unidirectional propagation in topological metamaterials and orbital angular momentum multiplexing in optical fibers. Achieving topologically protected unidirectionality needs an external source either with a vortex index of m = ±1 (i.e. 2πm phase winding around phase singularity) or with a spin index of ±1 (i.e. right- or left-handed circular polarization). However, it is still an open question on the relationship between higher-order (|m | > 1) vortex field and topological metamaterials. Here, we study the excitation of valley bulk states by a source with a higher-order vortex index in Kagome photonic crystals. The selection rule for the excitation of valley bulk states is derived and can be applied to predict the selective excitation of valley bulk states by a source with a higher-order vortex index. Interestingly, we find that the Fourier spectrum and the averaged Fourier spectrum of the Ez component enable us to identify the vortex index of the source. Besides, it is shown that the unidirectional edge states can be excited by a source with a vortex index of 1 or 2 in a straight or 120° detour waveguide. Our work paves the way for the demonstration of the selection rule and may have potential applications in optical mode identification.

The dendritic morphology, elements segregation index, precipitates morphology, and precipitates types in GH5605 ingot produced by vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting were investigated by using optical microscopy (OM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum analysis and the results of thermodynamic and kinetic calculations by Thermal-Calc and JMatPro sofeware. To study the effects of high-temperature diffusion annealing on GH5605 ingot, the annealing system was investigated and the microstructure and macrostructure characteristics of GH5605 ingot were analyzed before and after the diffusion annealing by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal compression simulation tests in Gleeble 3800 test machine. In the OM results, dendrites are not obvious, and secondary dendritic arms cannot be distinguished in the GH5605 surface but they are gradually clearer toward the center area. The EDS results show that element segregation index is comparably small in GH5605 ingot; every element segregation index is in the range of 0. 9-1. 4 which is not as large as those of nickelbased superalloy. The main segregating elements during solidification are Cr and W which mainly segregate in the dendritic regions.According to the FESEM results, the precipitate phases include austenite and grain boundary carbide M23C6 and because of the Cr and W segregation at dendritic arms, an unexpected eutectic phase comprising austenite and M23C6 appears, and the alternating lamellae of austentite and M23C6 develop a lathlike morphology. Different macrostructure and microstructure characteristics including the morphology of dendritic, elements segregation index, grain size, morphology and the amount of eutectic phase were analyzed and compared in different annealing times. The high-temperature diffusion annealing system is optimal at 1210 ℃/8 h, at which the dendrites and elemental segregation are substantially eliminated, and the eutectic phase is almost dissolved.

Montmorillonite(MMT) was utilized to absorb three types of cationic photosensitizers, namely, meso-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrine tetratosylate (TMPyP), Zn(Ⅱ) meso-tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphine tetrachloride (Zn-TMPyP) and methylene blue (MB), the as-obtained mixtures were then evenly dispersed in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol-styrylpyridine salt condensate (PVA-SbQ) solution, corresponding photoactive MMT/PS hydrogels were prepared by the assay of UV cross-linking eventually. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to analyse morphology of MMT and one as-prepared MMT/PS hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were applied to analyse the internal morphology and thermal properties of the as-prepared hydrogels. Finally, swelling properties and antibacterial effect against staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were investigated. The results show that three photoactive MMT/PS hydrogels are successfully prepared with good swelling properties. The as-prepared hydrogels exhibit inactivation against S. aureus to some extent, furthermore, the hydrogel which immobilizes Zn-TMPyP reveals best inactivation efficacy, with a sterilization rate of 98.49%.

Background: The impact of concomitant impairments of left and right ventricular (LV and RV) strain on the long-term prognosis of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is not clear.Methods: We analyzed CMR images and followed up 420 first STEMI patients from the EARLY Assessment of MYOcardial Tissue Characteristics by CMR in STEMI (EARLY-MYO-CMR) registry (NCT03768453). These patients received timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 h and CMR examination within 1 week (median, 5 days; range, 2–7 days) after infarction. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global radial strain (GRS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) of both ventricles were measured based on CMR cine images. Conventional CMR indexes were also assessed. Primary clinical outcome was composite major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) including cardiovascular death, re-infarction, re-hospitalization for heart failure and stroke. In addition, CMR data from 40 people without apparent heart disease were used as control group.Results: Compared to controls, both LV and RV strains were remarkably reduced in STEMI patients. During follow-up (median: 52 months, interquartile range: 29–68 months), 80 patients experienced major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) including cardiovascular death, re-infarction, heart failure, and stroke. LV-GCS > −11.20% was an independent predictor of MACCEs (P < 0.001). RV-GRS was the only RV strain index that could effectively predict the risk of MACCEs (AUC = 0.604, 95% CI [0.533, 0.674], P = 0.004). Patient with RV-GRS ≤ 38.79% experienced more MACCEs than those with preserved RV-GRS (log rank P < 0.001). Moreover, patients with the concomitant decrease of LV-GCS and RV-GRS were more likely to experience MACCEs than patients with decreased LV-GCS alone (log rank P = 0.010). RV-GRS was incremental to LV-GCS for the predictive power of MACCEs (continuous NRI: 0.327; 95% CI: 0.095–0.558; P = 0.006). Finally, tobacco use (P = 0.003), right coronary artery involvement (P = 0.002), and LV-GCS > −11.20% (P = 0.012) was correlated with lower RV-GRS.Conclusions: The concomitant decrease of LV and RV strain is associated with a worse long-term prognosis than impaired LV strain alone. Combination assessment of both LV and RV strain indexes could improve risk stratification of patients with STEMI.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03768453. Registered 7 December 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03768453.

Improving the technological innovation ability of vocational colleges is a necessary condition for more precise docking of industrial needs and deeper development of school-enterprise integration, which is of great significance for deepening the connotation of “double high” construction. After investigating the mode of improving the scientific and technological innovation ability of vocational colleges in Guangdong, the experience and practice are refined and summarized, and the factors affecting the development of the mode, such as the backward basic conditions of scientific research, the weak consciousness of teachers in scientific research, and the lack of effective mechanism to guarantee the continuous innovation ability of the school-enterprise collaborative innovation platform, are clarified. Some suggestions are put forward that vocational colleges should increase the investment in scientific research and the education of scientific and technological talents, create a good scientific research atmosphere and innovate the cooperation mechanism of scientific research between universities and enterprises.

The solidification behavior and microstructures evolution of cast Ni-based superalloy K424 under different cooling rates were investigated by isothermal solidification quenching experiments and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The microstructures and segregation characteristics of K424 were analyzed at different isothermal temperatures and cooling rates using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The isothermal solidification, microstructure, and distribution characteristics of elements at the final solidification stage were also investigated, and the liquidus, solidus, and the formation temperatures of the main phases were evaluated. Furthermore, the influence of cooling rate on the morphology and size of MC carbides, (γ +γ') eutectic, and precipitated γ' phase were discussed. The results show that the solidification of the K424 alloy follows the sequence:(1) L → L + γ at 1345℃:the solidification begins with the formation of primary γ, and the liquidus temperature is 1345℃; (2) L → L + γ + MC at 1308℃:as the solidification continues, Ti and Nb are enriched in the liquid interdendrite, which results in the formation of MC carbides at 1308℃; (3) L → γ + (γ + γ') at 1260℃:the precipitation of the (γ + γ') eutectic occurs at about 1260℃ because of non-equilibrium solidification. Finally, the solidification ends with a solidus temperature of 1237℃. Furthermore, it is found that the precipitation of (γ + γ') eutectic at the interdendtitic regions is closely related to the cooling rate and the severe segregation behavior of Al and Ti into the residual liquid at the final solidification stage. With the increase of cooling rate, the quantity and size of MC carbides and eutectic first increase and then decrease. Moreover, with increasing cooling rate, γ' shapes transform from irregular petal-like structure to near cuboidal and spherical patterns, and the size scale of γ' precipitates decreases from 2 μm to 60 nm.

The air environment strongly influences the damage behaviors of superalloys at high temperatures. To investigate the microscopic damage mechanisms during high-temperature fatigue crack growth in standard heat-treated GH4169 superalloys, low-cycle-fatigue crack growth tests were conducted at 650℃ with initial stress intensity factor ΔK=30 MPa·m1/2 and stress ratio R=0.05 under the air environment. The fracture surface, outside surface, and central sectioned surface of the specimen were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results show that the main fatigue crack initiates and propagates intergranularly, followed by the appearance of intergranular secondary cracks, whose quantity and length increase along the propagating direction of the main crack. In the rupture stage, a dimpled morphology appears on the fracture surface. Oxidation occurs at the interfaces between δ phases and the matrix during the fatigue crack propagation process, which leads to secondary cracks propagating along the interfaces. This leads to their inflection, which in turn retards their propagation. A grain-boundary oxidation damage zone exists at the outside surface of the specimen near the main crack. The size and degree of grain-boundary cracking increase along the propagating direction of the main crack.

In recent years, the development of next-generation nuclear reactors with enhanced requirements for the safe and reliable production of nuclear energy has been attracting increasing attention. The thorium molten salt reactor (TMSR) has been regarded as the most promising prospective next-generation nuclear reactor because of its high security, desirable online refueling properties, minimization of nuclear waste, nuclear non-proliferation, etc. The structural materials for molten salt reactors should exhibit high temperature resistance and good corrosion and neutron irradiation resistance. The Ni-Cr-Mo-based superalloy GH3535 is the preferred material for TMSR applications because of its superior corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. The Mo content of GH3535 is 15%~18% (mass fraction), which leads to the precipitation of a large amount of Mo-enriched M6C carbides in the matrix. Numerous studies have shown that the precipitation of these carbides directly affects the grain size and mechanical properties of GH3535 alloy. In this study, the effects of heat treatment on the grain size, carbide distribution, and mechanical properties of GH3535 alloy were investigated by cold-rolled-pipe tests. To provide the experimental and theoretical basis for applying heat treatment to control the properties of GH3535 alloy, the thermodynamic and kinetics characteristics of GH3535 were calculated using the JMatPro simulation software. The influence of heat treatments on the size and homogeneity of grains, the precipitation character of carbides, and the mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated. The results show that the equilibrium precipitate of the GH3535 at temperatures between 900℃ and 1500℃ is a Mo-rich carbide of M6C type and that the initial precipitation temperature of this M6C-type carbide is in the liquid-solid phase range. The grains grow slowly when the solution temperature is less than 1200℃. When the solution temperature is increased to 1230℃, the grains grow quickly to an average size of 160 μm; the grains are homogeneous when the temperature is maintained at 1180℃ for 10 min. Tensile tests show that a higher solution temperature decreases the strength and increases the elongation. The tensile fracture mechanism of GH3535 alloy is microporous aggregation.

Equilibrium phases in alloy A286 and the influence of element contents on gamma prime (γ′) and carbides were studied by Thermo-Calc calculation. The phase equilibria, solidification behavior, and precipitation behavior of equilibrium phases were investigated. In the results, Al is considered as the critical element for γ′ phase control, and C is the vital element for the regulation of MC and M23C6 phases. The influence extents of different elements on the transition temperature and the maximum content of γ′ phase, MC phases, and M23C6 phases are determined in order as Al>Ti>Cr>Mo, C>Ti>Ni>Cr>Mo, and C>Ni>Cr>Mo, respectively.

The influence of non-metallic inclusion on the performance of steels is closely related to the characteristic parameters. The in-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation results of the crack initiation induced by TiN inclusion under tensile and fatigue loads in the ultra-high strength steel were analyzed. The stress fields of the inclusions and nearby matrix were then calculated using the MSC Marc finite element analysis software. Subsequently, the stress and strain fields of the TiN inclusions with different characteristic parameters and the nearby matrix were simulated. The results show that the mechanical behavior of the inclusions and the nearby matrix can be explained and predicted by finite element method. The maximum stress concentration is located around the sharp angle of a triangle inclusion. The position of the high-stress region in a rectangle inclusion is affected by the angle between the inclusion and the load direction. The position of the maximum stress in the matrix changes from the outer-inclusion region to the inter-inclusion region with the increase of the inter-inclusion distance. The high-stress region near the free surface results from the sub-surface inclusions, and the position of the maximum stress is affected by the distance from the inclusion to the free surface and the inclusion size.

The primary purpose of maritime delimitation is to ensure the maximum internal waters area obtained. In order to grantee the maximum internal waters area obtained with the selected base point, the idea and method of optimal selection of the territorial sea base points with the convex hull (minimum convex hull) construction technology is proposed. The ideal base points are selected by constructing convex hull for all alternative base points, which makes it possible to realize the automatic selection of base points under the principle of the maximum internal waters area.

The method for calculation of geodetic problem on earth ellipsoid surface is the basic premise for the realization of high-precision marine delimitation technology. Based on the analysis of the construction principle of the existing solution of geodetic problem method, the algorithm for direct geodetic problem solution(DGPS) based on nested coefficient method and Bessel’s inverse geodetic problem solution(IGPS), which are suitable for various distance solutions, are optimized. Then, the experimental verification scheme of the solution of geodetic problem is designed. Finally, the crossing and reducing accuracy of different calculation examples are verified by different geodetic problem solution methods, and the experiment shows that: the verified accuracy of point-position plotting, distance calculation and azimuth calculation meet the requirements of the indexes of high-precision marine delimitation.