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Objective To investigate the status of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance and the first T lymphocyte count in Kunming city, and to provide reference for antiviral treatment. Methods Newly discovered HIV/AIDS patients living in Kunming were selected, plasma was collected, gene sequence in pol region was amplified, genotype determination, drug resistance mutation and CD4+ T lymphocyte analysis were performed. Results A total of 647 HIV-1 pol gene sequences were obtained. The most of them are URFs subtype (29.37%), and then CRF08 &lowbar; BC subtype (26.28%) and CRF07&lowbar;BC subtype (16.54%) respectively. Most of them were male (77.43%), 50 years old and above accounted for the largest proportion (32.15%), and the main transmission route was heterosexual transmission (56.88%). Gender, education level, transmission route and gene subtype were the influencing factors of drug resistance ( P < 0. 05). The transmited drug resistance rate of HIV/AIDS patients was 11.75%, and the resistance rates of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs ), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors ( Pis) and integrase inhibitors (INSTIs) were 0.77%, 7.73%, 3.40% and 0.31%, respectively. The mutation rates of NRTIs, NNRTIs, Pis and INSTIs resistance sites were 2.16%, 19.47%, 3.86%and 1.39%, respectively. The first CD4 + T lymphocyte count was mainly 200-350 cell/µL, accounting for 29.37%, followed by <200 cell /µL, accounting for 27.82%, and the late detection rate was 30.91%. Conclusion The transmitted drug resistance of HIV-1 in Kunming is at the moderate level, and NNRTIs related drug resistance is the main factor. The INSTIs drugs that not widely used in Kunming are also resistant, while Kunming city has a high proportion of late detection. We should strengthen AIDS publicity work, expand the detection scope, and detect cases as early as possible, in order to improve patients quality of life and reduce transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMolecular epidemiology can be useful in identifying clusters of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission that can be targeted for prevention.MethodsRegular screening of 2000 men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China, for HIV infection every 2 months identified 179 primary infections (2007-2010). HIV-1 pol sequences were obtained and used to infer the transmission network and identify transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among these individuals. We evaluated the use of clinical and network information to target prevention efforts. Prevention efficiency was calculated as the number of infections saved per number of interventions.ResultsThis cohort was infected with HIV-1 subtype B (28%), circulating recombinant form (CRF)_01 AE (53%), and CRF_07 BC (16%). The overall rate of TDR was low (5%), but the rate of clustering was high (64%), suggesting deep sampling of the subnetwork. Provision of a theoretically high-efficacy intervention like antiretroviral therapy to all participants had a prevention efficiency of 23%. The efficiency of targeting prevention based on lower CD4 counts (100 000 copies/mL and >50 000 copies/mL) was between 10% and 18%. The efficiency of targeting prevention based on number of network connections was much higher (30%-42%). For example, treating the 33 participants with ≥5 connections in 2009 would have theoretically prevented 14 infections in 2010 (42% prevention efficiency).ConclusionsRegular HIV testing of MSM in Beijing can deeply sample the local transmission subnetwork, and targeting prevention efforts based on network connectivity may be an efficient way to deliver prevention interventions.

An efficient improved finite element method (FEM) is presented for electromagnetic Laplace's problems with open boundary. The whole infinite domain is divided into a set of infinite elements instead of ordinary finite elements. Since a special FEM discretization and FEM solving procedure are used, it can not only take much less computer memory than that the conventional FEM needs, but also avoid the calculation error introduced by the truncated boundary or absorbing boundary condition used in conventional FEM.

Objective Methods Results Conclusions Our objective was to evaluate the trajectory of immunology in patients with HIV with different baseline CD4 T‐cell count strata after antiretroviral therapy (ART) under long‐term viral suppression.This was a sub‐analysis focused on patients with virological suppression for at least 5 years after ART. Data were obtained from the Yunnan HIV cohort in China. Patients were categorized according to prespecified baseline CD4 T‐cell counts. The trajectories of CD4 T‐cell count, CD8 T‐cell count, and CD4/CD8 ratio changing over time were fitted using a B‐spline regression model. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association of baseline CD4 T‐cell count with the risk of both immunological responder (IR) and CD4/CD8 ratio normalization.A total of 2618 patients with a median follow‐up of 7.25 years (interquartile range [IQR] 5.92–8.75) were included. Over a period of 12 years, the mean CD4 T‐cell count remained above 500 cells/μL in all groups. The mean CD4/CD8 ratio was solely normalized in patients whose baseline CD4 T‐cell counts were above 350 cells/μL. Patients with higher baseline CD4 T‐cell counts showed higher risks of both IR and CD4/CD8 ratio normalization than those with the lowest (all p trend <0.001). A higher baseline CD4 T‐cell count predicted a shorter time for both IR and CD4/CD8 ratio normalization.Long‐term, sustained viral suppression may not be able to fully normalize immunological functions in patients with HIV. A high baseline CD4 T‐cell count benefits IR and CD4/CD8 ratio normalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in patients with low-level viremia (LLV) in Southwestern China, as it has become a growing challenge in AIDS clinical practice., Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. LLV was defined as 50-999 copies/mL of plasma viral load with antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 months. HIV-1 DRM detection used validated in-house protocol., Results: A total of 470 sequences were obtained, and 13 HIV-1 genotypes were identified, among which CRF08&#95;BC (47.5%), CRF07&#95;BC (22.3%) and CRF01&#95;AE (10.0%) subtypes were the most prevalent. The overall prevalence of DRMs was 45.7% (215/470), and the prevalence of DRMs to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) was 39.4% (185/470), 20.6% (97/470) and 5.3% (25/470), respectively. The most common NNRTI-associated mutations were K103N (16.0%), E138A (6.6%), V179D (6.6%) and P225H (4.9%), and those in NRTIs were M184V (17.0%), D67N (3.4%) and K65R (3.0%). PI-associated mutations were infrequent, occurring in less than 1.8% of cases. The prevalence of NNRTI-associated mutations (K101E and Y188C) was found to be statistically significant among various LLV groups. Additionally, significant variations were observed in the prevalence of NNRTI-associated mutations (V106I, V106M, E138A and P225H), NRTI-associated mutation (K65R) and PI-associated mutations (L33F and Q58E) across different subtypes., Conclusions: The prevalence of DRMs in ART-experienced patients with LLV was high, and HIV-1 genotypes exhibited diversity in Yunnan Province. These findings indicate that regular DRM monitoring during LLV episodes was essential for effective clinical treatment and management in this region., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.)

Objective: To investigate the distribution patterns of mosquito and mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China., Methods: Mosquito samples were collected using the mosquito traps from five counties of Dehong prefecture on July, 2007 and 2010. Mosquito were cell cultured for viral isolation, and positive isolates were identified using RT-PCR and sequence analysis., Results: A total of 43 634 mosquito comprised of 29 species representing six genera were collected. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis comprised 78.69% and 14.77% of the total. Six strains of viruses were isolated from the mosquito pools. RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis revealed three strains from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, identified as genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). One strain was identified from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, as Getah virus (GETV). Two strains isolated from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles vagus were identified as Culex pipiens pallens Densovirus (CppDNV)., Conclusion: Cx. tritaeniorhynchus had been the major species of mosquito and mainly transmitting vector of mosquito-borne viruses in Dehong prefecture. Genotype I JEV, GETV and CppDNV were the vectors causing transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in this area. Data from phylogenetic analysis showed that these newly discovered isolates seemed to have had close relationship with those viruses previously circulating in Yunnan and other provinces of China.