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Developing social competence for preschoolers is an important area for early intervention, especially for young children with emotional and behavioral issues. This single case meta‐analysis focused on examining the literature base for social skills interventions for preschoolers. A systematic search of the literature yielded 33 single‐case studies on social skills interventions for preschoolers. Results from the aggregated single case studies using a baseline corrected Tau‐U indicated a moderate to large effect (Baseline Corrected Tau = 0.66). Moderator analysis results showed gender and intervention format were statistically significant moderators for the intervention effect. Limitations and directions for future research were discussed within the context of social‐behavioral research and early intervention in preschool settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) poses a global public health challenge, often associated with elevated mortality rates and a grim prognosis. A crucial aspect of the inflammatory injury and healing process post-MI involves the dynamic differentiation of macrophages. A promising strategy to alleviate myocardial damage after MI is by modulating the inflammatory response and orchestrating the shift from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages, aiming to achieve a reduced M1/M2 ratio. Nuanxinkang (NXK), a simplified herbal decoction, has demonstrated noteworthy cardioprotective, inflammation-regulating, and myocardial energy metabolism-regulating properties. Methods: In this study, we constructed an MI model by ligating coronary arteries to investigate the efficacy of NXK in improving ventricular remodeling and cardiac function. Mice were administered NXK (1.65 g/kg/d) or an equivalent volume of regular saline via gavage for 28 consecutive days, commencing the day after surgery. Then, we conducted echocardiography to assess the cardiac function, Masson staining to illustrate the extent of myocardial fibrosis, TUNEL staining to reveal myocardial apoptosis, and flow cytometry to analyze the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages in the hearts. Besides, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory macrophage (M1) polarization model was implemented in RAW264.7 cells to elucidate the underlying mechanism of NXK in regulating macrophage polarization. RAW264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without NXK-containing serum. Oxidative stress was detected by MitoSox staining, followed by Seahorse energy metabolism assay to evaluate alterations in mitochondrial metabolic patterns and ATP production. Both In vivo and in vitro, HIF-1α and PDK1 were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting. Results: In vivo, MI mice exhibited a decline in cardiac function, adverse ventricular remodeling, and an increase in glycolysis, coupled with M1-dominant polarization mediated by the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. Notably, robust responses were evident with high-dose NXK treatment (1.65 g/kg/day), leading to a significant enhancement in cardiac function, inhibition of cardiac remodeling, and partial suppression of macrophage glycolysis and the inflammatory phenotype in MI mice. This effect was achieved through the modulation of the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. In vitro, elevated levels of mitochondrial ROS production and glycolysis were observed in LPS-induced macrophages. Conversely, treatment with NXK notably reduced the oxidative stress damage induced by LPS and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Furthermore, NXK demonstrated the ability to modify the energy metabolism and inflammatory characteristics of macrophages by modulating the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. The influence of NXK on this axis was partially counteracted by the HIF-1α agonist DMOG. And NXK downregulated PDK1 expression, curtailed glycolysis, and reversed LPS-induced M1 polarization in macrophages, similar to the PDK1 inhibitor DCA. Conclusion: In conclusion, NXK protects against MI-induced cardiac remodeling by inducing metabolic reprogramming and phenotypic differentiation of macrophages, achieved through the modulation of the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis. This provides a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of MI. Highlights: Balancing the coordination between M1 and M2 macrophages emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing myocardial infarction. Metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in the activation and differentiation of macrophages. NXK formulation intricately regulates macrophage polarization through the HIF-1α/PDK1 axis within a metabolic-inflammatory network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Limited evidence exists regarding the association of selenium with risk of death in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between dietary selenium intake with mortality in a nationally representative sample of United States adults with NAFLD. Methods: Dietary selenium intake was assessed in 2274 NAFLD adults younger than 60 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III through a 24-hour dietary recall. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasound after excluding liver disease due to other causes. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to assess the effect of dietary selenium intake on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with NAFLD. Results: At a median follow-up of 27.4 years, 577 deaths occurred in individuals with NAFLD, including 152 cardiovascular deaths. The U-shaped associations were discovered between selenium intake with all-cause (Pnolinear = 0.008) and cardiovascular mortality (Pnolinear < 0.001) in adults with NAFLD after multivariate adjustment, with the lowest risk around selenium intake of 121.7 or 125.9 μg/day, respectively. Selenium intake in the range of 104.1–142.4 μg/day was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and, otherwise, an increased risk. Selenium intake in the range of 104.1–150.6 μg/day was associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular death and, otherwise, an increased risk. Conclusions: Both high and low selenium intake increased the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death in adults younger than 60 years of age with NAFLD, which may help guide dietary adjustments and improve outcomes in adults with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Non‐scarring alopecia mainly includes androgenetic alopecia (AGA), female pattern hair loss (FPHL), alopecia areata (AA), telogen effluvium (TE), anagen effluvium (AE) and so on. Many studies had investigated the serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D level and vitamin D deficiency of patients with these diseases, but opinions varied, and no conclusion was reached. Methods: Relevant articles were retrieved through PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other databases. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and vitamin D deficiency were used as our primary outcome. The odds ratio (OR) and the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval were both examined for vitamin D deficiency and levels. Results: Our meta‐analysis had included a total of 3374 non‐scarring alopecia patients and 7296 healthy controls from 23 studies through the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. We found non‐scarring alopecia had decreased serum 25(OH)D level (WMD −7.29; 95% CI −9.21, −5.38) and increased vitamin D deficiency incidence (OR 3.11 95% CI 2.29, 4.22), compared with healthy controls. This meta‐analysis chose to conduct random‐effect model and subgroup analysis, because of the high heterogeneity (serum 25(OH)D level: I2 = 95%, vitamin D deficiency: I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Patients with non‐scarring alopecia (including AA, FPHL, AGA and TE) have insufficient serum level of 25(OH)D and increased incidence of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation and monitoring for vitamin D deficiency may be helpful in treating non‐scarring alopecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

n-Pentanol, a commonly used Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industry, is harmful to the environment security and human health. Thus, it is necessary to develop n-pentanol sensors. Herein, spherical (ZTO-S), cubic (ZTO-C) and pseudo-cubic (ZTO-PC) ZnSnO 3 were obtained by changing the ratio of solvent in hydrothermal/solvothermal process. By contrast, the ZTO-PC sensor had a high sensitivity of 135.2 to 100 ppm n-pentanol at 170 °C, a short response time of 0.8 s, and a low detection limit of 10 ppb. Meanwhile, the ZTO-PC sensor displayed superior reproducibility, good humidity resistance and excellent long-term stability. The outstanding sensing performance response of the ZTO-PC sensor is attribute to its high surface adsorbed oxygen content, fast electron mobility and good conductivity, providing abundant active sites and effective gas adsorption platform. In addition, the mechanism of the ZTO-PC sensor for n-pentanol was studied by XPS, GC-MS, and in-situ DRIFTS. After contact with ZnSnO 3 , n-pentanol was first oxidized to n-pentanal and then decomposed into CO 2 and H 2 O. This work well-designed three types of ZnSnO 3 through morphological engineering, providing a hopeful strategy for improving the gas sensitive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Broncho-esophageal fistula (BEF) secondary to esophageal diverticulum is a rare clinical condition, which is often misdiagnosed for a long time. The aim of our study is to summarize and clarify the advantages of MSCT in diagnosing BEF secondary to esophageal diverticulum. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients clinically diagnosed with BEF from January 2005 to January 2022 at Jilin University First Hospital. Only those patients with BEF secondary to esophageal diverticulum and complete clinical data met our enrolled standard. All patients' clinicopathologic characteristics and MSCT features were systemically evaluated. Results: 17 patients were eligible for our cohort study, including male 10 and female 7. The patient's mean age was 42.3 ± 12.5. The chronic cough occurred in all seventeen patients and bucking following oral fluid intake was documented in nine patients. MSCT distinctly suggested the fistulous tract between the bronchi and the esophagus in all patients. The mean diameter of the orifices in the wall of the esophagus was 4.40 ± 1.81 mm. The orifice in the midthoracic esophagus side was 15 cases and 2 cases at the lower thoracic esophagus. The involved bronchus included 13 cases at the right lower lobe bronchus, 1 at the right middle lobe bronchus and 3 at the left lower lobe bronchus. The contrast agent was observed in the pulmonary parenchyma in 10 of 13 patients who underwent esophagogram. No definite fistula was observed in 3 of 11 who underwent gastroscopy, while the intra-operative findings supported the existence of fistula. Conclusions: BEF secondary to esophageal diverticulum tends to occur between the midthoracic esophagus and the right lower lobe bronchus. Compared with esophagography and gastroscopy, MSCT shows more comprehensive information about the fistulous shape, size, course and lung involvement, which are helpful for establishing diagnosis and guiding subsequent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteosarcoma is a primary malignancy originating from mesenchymal tissue characterized by rapid growth, early metastasis and poor prognosis. Ginsenoside Rg5 (G‐Rg5) is a minor ginsenoside extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer which has been discovered to possess anti‐tumor properties. The objective of current study was to explore the mechanism of G‐Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarcoma by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods: Pharmmapper, SwissTargetPrediction and similarity ensemble approach databases were used to obtain the pharmacological targets of G‐Rg5. Related genes of osteosarcoma were searched for in the GeneCards, OMIM and DrugBank databases. The targets of G‐Rg5 and the related genes of osteosarcoma were intersected to obtain the potential target genes of G‐Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarccoma. The STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2 software were used to construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform was used to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. AutoDock vina software was used to perform molecular docking between G‐Rg5 and hub targets. The hub genes were imported into the Kaplan–Meier Plotter online database for survival analysis. Results: A total of 61 overlapping targets were obtained. The related signaling pathways mainly included PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, Proteoglycans in cancer, Lipid and atherosclerosis and Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus infection. Six hub targets including PIK3CA, SRC, TP53, MAPK1, EGFR, and VEGFA were obtained through PPI network and targets‐pathways network analyses. The results of molecular docking showed that the binding energies were all less than –7 kcal/mol. And the results of survival analysis showed TP53 and VEGFA affect the prognosis of sarcoma patients. Conclusion: This study explored the possible mechanism of G‐Rg5 in the treatment of osteosarcoma using network pharmacology method, suggesting that G‐Rg5 has the characteristics of multi‐targets and multi‐pathways in the treatment of osteosarcoma, which lays a foundation for the follow‐up experimental and clinical researches on the therapeutic effects of G‐Rg5 on osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hyperon-nucleon (Y-N) interaction is important for the description of the equation-of-state of high baryon density matter. Hypernuclei, the cluster object of nucleons and hyperons, serve as cornerstones of a full understanding of the Y-N interaction. Recent measurements of the lightest known hypernucleus, the hypertriton's ( H Λ 3 ) and anti-hypertriton's ( H ¯ Λ ¯ 3 ) lifetime, mass and Λ separation energy have attracted interests on the subject. Its cross section and collective flow parameters have also been measured in heavy-ion collisions, which have revealed new features on its production mechanism. In this article we summarise recent measurements of H Λ 3 , focusing on the heavy-ion collisions. We will discuss their implications for the H Λ 3 properties and the constrains on the Y-N interaction models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐assembly of proteinaceous biomolecules into functional materials with ordered structures that span length scales is common in nature yet remains a challenge with designer peptides under ambient conditions. This report demonstrates how charged side‐chain chemistry affects the hierarchical co‐assembly of a family of charge‐complementary β‐sheet‐forming peptide pairs known as CATCH(X+/Y−) at physiologic pH and ionic strength in water. In a concentration‐dependent manner, the CATCH(6K+) (Ac‐KQKFKFKFKQK‐Am) and CATCH(6D−) (Ac‐DQDFDFDFDQD‐Am) pair formed either β‐sheet‐rich microspheres or β‐sheet‐rich gels with a micron‐scale plate‐like morphology, which were not observed with other CATCH(X+/Y−) pairs. This hierarchical order was disrupted by replacing D with E, which increased fibril twisting. Replacing K with R, or mutating the N‐ and C‐terminal amino acids in CATCH(6K+) and CATCH(6D−) to Qs, increased observed co‐assembly kinetics, which also disrupted hierarchical order. Due to the ambient assembly conditions, active CATCH(6K+)‐green fluorescent protein fusions could be incorporated into the β‐sheet plates and microspheres formed by the CATCH(6K+/6D−) pair, demonstrating the potential to endow functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐assembly of proteinaceous biomolecules into functional materials with ordered structures that span length scales is common in nature yet remains a challenge with designer peptides under ambient conditions. This report demonstrates how charged side‐chain chemistry affects the hierarchical co‐assembly of a family of charge‐complementary β‐sheet‐forming peptide pairs known as CATCH(X+/Y−) at physiologic pH and ionic strength in water. In a concentration‐dependent manner, the CATCH(6K+) (Ac‐KQKFKFKFKQK‐Am) and CATCH(6D−) (Ac‐DQDFDFDFDQD‐Am) pair formed either β‐sheet‐rich microspheres or β‐sheet‐rich gels with a micron‐scale plate‐like morphology, which were not observed with other CATCH(X+/Y−) pairs. This hierarchical order was disrupted by replacing D with E, which increased fibril twisting. Replacing K with R, or mutating the N‐ and C‐terminal amino acids in CATCH(6K+) and CATCH(6D−) to Qs, increased observed co‐assembly kinetics, which also disrupted hierarchical order. Due to the ambient assembly conditions, active CATCH(6K+)‐green fluorescent protein fusions could be incorporated into the β‐sheet plates and microspheres formed by the CATCH(6K+/6D−) pair, demonstrating the potential to endow functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-assembling peptides can be crafted into supramolecular biomaterials for use in biotechnological applications, such as cell culture scaffolds, drug delivery, biosensors, and tissue engineering. Peptide co-assembly refers to the spontaneous organization of two different peptides into a supramolecular architecture. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to quantify the effect of anionic amino acid type on co-assembly dynamics and nanofiber structure in binary CATCH(+/-) peptide systems. CATCH peptide sequences follow a general pattern: CQCFCFCFCQC, where all C's are either a positively charged or a negatively charged amino acid. Specifically, we investigate the effect of substituting aspartic acid residues for the glutamic acid residues in the established CATCH(6E-) molecule, while keeping CATCH(6K+) unchanged. Our results show that structures consisting of CATCH(6K+) and CATCH(6D-) form flatter β-sheets, have stronger interactions between charged residues on opposing β-sheet faces, and have slower co-assembly kinetics than structures consisting of CATCH(6K+) and CATCH(6E-). Knowledge of the effect of sidechain type on assembly dynamics and fibrillar structure can help guide the development of advanced biomaterials and grant insight into sequence-to-structure relationships. Author summary: Peptides are great building blocks for supramolecular biomaterials—with applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and so forth. Peptide co-assembly refers to the spontaneous coming together of mixtures containing two different peptides to form organized structures. CATCH (Co-Assembly Tags based on CHarge complementarity) are mixtures of oppositely charged peptides that co-assemble into β-sheet nanofibers. CATCH peptide sequences follow a general pattern: CQCFCFCFCQC, where all C's are either a positively charged or a negatively charged amino acid. In this study, we use molecular dynamics simulations to determine the effect of negative amino acid type on co-assembly dynamics and nanofiber structure, specifically the difference between incorporating glutamic acid (E-) and aspartic acid (D-). Our results show that structures created using aspartic acid (D-) form flatter β-sheets and have slower co-assembly kinetics than structures created with glutamic acid (E-). Understanding the effect of different amino acid types on peptide assembly and nanofiber properties will allow us to design biomaterials with predetermined structural properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method to generative design bionic bone structures wing ribs by simulating the formation process of soap bubble boundary. In this method, the position of the central control point is optimized by the genetic algorithm to simulate the moving process of the bubble, and the control point is simplified by the K-means classification method to improve the computational efficiency. The boundary formed by the extrusion of bubbles is filled with a bone-like grid structure to realize the optimal design of a bone-like rib structure. Compared with the traditional honeycomb sandwich structure, the bone-like rib structure can distribute the stress evenly throughout the structure, thus reducing the stress concentration and improving the bearing capacity of the structure. The method proposed in this paper provides a new idea for a multilevel structure design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Herglotz-type principle and first integrals in phase space for nonconservative nonholonomic systems are researched. Firstly, we focus on Herglotz-type first integrals for generalized Chaplygin systems. For nonconservative generalized Chaplygin systems in phase space, we establish differential variational principle of Herglotz type and derive the transformation of principle's invariance condition. Then conservation theorem with corresponding inverse theorem of the system is established, and Herglotz-type Noether first integrals are given. Secondly, we investigate Herglotz-type first integrals for general nonholonomic systems and establish the differential variational principle of Herglotz type for general nonholonomic systems in phase space; then, the conservation theorem and corresponding inverse theorem based on principle's invariance conditions are obtained. Further, Herglotz-type Noether first integrals are presented. Finally, taking generalized Chaplygin system with nonconservative forces and Appell–Hamel problem as examples, their Herglotz Noether first integrals are given by using the theorems we obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the contribution of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death, to ischemia reperfusion (IR)-induced retinal injury has been reported before, to optimize therapeutic strategy, there is still an urgent need to identify potential candidates involved in this process. Androgen Receptor-Associated Protein of 70 kDa (ARA70) is a cargo receptor for ferritinophagy, and its role in retinal ferroptosis has not been revealed yet. Herein, we explored the role of ARA70 in IR-associated retinal lesions by in vivo (C57BL/6 J mice with intraocular pressure of 90–100 mmHg) and in vitro (retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) stimulated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH)) experiments. It was found that IR upregulated ARA70 expression and accelerated lipid peroxidation in retinal tissues. We first confirmed that two ferroptosis inhibitors, deferiprone or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), suppressed ferritin degradation, restrained apoptosis and inflammation, and protected mouse retinas against IR stress. Next, primary mouse RGCs were treated with tBH to simulate IR environment in vitro. ARA70 expression was decreased at lower concentrations of tBH (5–20 μM), but increased at higher concentrations (40–80 μM). Interestingly, the expression of ferritin-related proteins (ferritin heavy chain, FTH; ferritin light chain, FTL) showed an opposite alteration. Knockdown of ARA70 protected RGCs from tBH-induced damage. It inhibited the delivery of ferritin to lysosomes for ferritinophagy and thus reducing cellular Fe2+ concentration. Besides, ARA70 knockdown suppressed autophagy and inflammation of tBH-treated RGCs. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of retinal IR, and may be helpful for treatment of retinal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early social–behavioral intervention that emphasizes social skill training is critical to addressing emotional and behavioral problems in early childhood. In this meta-analysis review, we examined all the social skills intervention studies for preschoolers with, or at risk of, emotional and behavioral problems using group designs. This review included 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The robust variance estimation method was used to calculate the overall effect size of all the included studies, as this method can count for the pre-existing difference between the experiment and control groups. The included studies yielded an overall effect of 0.54 from the 151 effect sizes that were obtained for the 3484 preschool participants. Curriculum, integration, and treatment fidelity were identified as significant moderators of effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composited BiOI@Li anode is fabricated by cold-pressing processes with in-situ generation of Li 3 Bi/Li 2 O/LiI fillers, in which the lithiophilic Bi-based skeleton in bulk phase can minimize the formation of Li dendrites and the dissolved LiI in liquid phase can provide I−/I 3 − electron pairs to polish the generated Li dendrites. [Display omitted] Li metal is a potential anode material for the next generation high-energy–density batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity. However, the inhomogeneous lithium dendrite growth restrains corresponding electrochemical performance and brings safety concerns. In this contribution, the Li 3 Bi/Li 2 O/LiI fillers are generated by the in-situ reaction between Li and BiOI nanoflakes, which promises corresponding Li anodes (BiOI@Li) showing favorable electrochemical performance. This can be attributed to the bulk/liquid dual modulations: (1) The three-dimensional Bi-based framework in the bulk-phase lowers the local current density and accommodates the volume variation; (2) The LiI dispersed within Li metal is slowly released and dissolved into the electrolyte with the consumption of Li, which will form I−/I 3 − electron pair and further reactivate the inactive Li species. Specifically, the BiOI@Li//BiOI@Li symmetrical cell shows small overpotential and enhanced cycle stability over 600 h at 1 mA cm−2. Matched with an S-based cathode, the full Li-S battery demonstrates desirable rate performance and cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal endophytes are harboured in the leaves of every individual plant host and contribute to plant health, leaf senescence, and early decomposition. In grasslands, fungal endophytes and their hosts often coexist with large herbivores. However, the influence of grazing by large herbivores on foliar fungal endophyte communities remains largely unexplored. We conducted a long-term (18 yr) grazing experiment to explore the effects of grazing on the community composition and diversity of the foliar fungal endophytes of two perennial grassland species (i.e., Artemisia capillaris and Stipa bungeana) across one growing season. Grazing significantly increased the mean fungal alpha diversity of A. capillaris in the early season. In contrast, grazing significantly reduced the mean fungal alpha diversity of endophytic fungi of S. bungeana in the late season. Grazing, growing season, and their interactions concurrently structured the community composition of the foliar fungal endophytes of both plant species. However, growing season consistently outperformed grazing and environmental factors in shaping the community composition and diversity of both plant species. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the foliar endophytic fungal community diversity and composition differed in response to grazing between A. capillaris and S. bungeana during one growing season. The focus on this difference will enhance our understanding of grazing's impact on ecological systems and improve land management practices in grazing regions. This variation in the effects of leaf nutrients and plant community characteristics on foliar endophytic fungal community diversity and composition may have a pronounced impact on plant health and plant–fungal interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The postsynthesis polymeric modifications by grafting from the active sites were the primary focus of the structurally tailored and engineered macromolecular (STEM) gels. Therefore, Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) techniques have been employed to more precisely tailor and tune STEM gels. In contrast to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) is known to have the advantages of simple components and pure products. Here we report the preparation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite gel networks through oxygen tolerance NMP process, with tert-Butyl acrylate (tBA) and fluorinated monomer 2-(Perfluorooctyl)ethyl methacrylate (FMA) as functional comonomers. Compared with conventional radical polymerization (FRP) method, composite gels prepared through NMP method showed higher swelling rate and elongation at break, which proved that the network structure formed by NMP was more uniform. In addition to better thermal stability and toughness, the dormant polymer chain could be reactivated and lead to the "living" post-modification of PDMS gel matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a biomimetic topology optimization design method that simulates the growth pattern of leaf veins is proposed for the design of the support structure of ultra-light airfoil-like solar cells in the solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle. This method simulates the optimal growth process of main vein morphology through the topology change of dynamic point groups to obtain an optimized topological main support structure and then generates a Voronoi grid structure in the area surrounded by the main support structure to increase the local support for the battery. The whole process is combined with genetic algorithm to simulate the optimal distribution strategy of leaf vein growth by inputting a small number of parameters. Compared with the traditional grid support structure, the support structure obtained by simulating the leaf vein growth optimization strategy can provide more efficient support for the solar panel and avoid damage to the solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can manifest before the diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of lung‐onset pSS using chest high‐resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Methods: The data of 102 patients with pSS‐ILD were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: lung‐onset group and the nonlung‐onset group. The chest HRCT, PFTs, and clinical and laboratory data were evaluated and compared. Results: Among the 102 patients with pSS‐ILD, 59 (57.8%) were lung‐onset and 43 (42.2%) were nonlung‐onset. Chest HRCT in the lung‐onset group showed higher percentage of usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The total HRCT score was higher in the lung‐onset group, compared with the nonlung‐onset group (2 [2, 3], vs. 2 [1, 2], p =.014). Total lung capacity (TLC) (%pred) [(75.4 ± 16.2) versus (82.8 ± 19.4), p =.049] and forced vital capacity (FVC) (%pred) [(82.2 ± 19.9) versus (91.6 ± 28.3), p =.050] were significantly lower in the lung‐onset group, compared with the nonlung‐onset group. Residual volume (RV)/TLC (%) significantly increased more than 40% in the lung‐onset group (p =.015). Restricted ventilation disorder, small airway obstruction and reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide/alveolar volume (%Pred) were more common in the lung‐onset group (p =.038, p =.050, and p =.050, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that HRCT score was positively correlated with the interval between the onset of pulmonary symptoms and the diagnosis of ILD, serum CA125, and serum CEA. TCL (%pred), VC (%pred), FVC (%pred) were negatively correlated with serum CA125. Conclusion: Lung‐onset is common in pSS patients with more severe lung function impairments. Serum biomarkers, such CA125, CEA, and ALB, were associated with the severity of lung damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria are the main caues for causing clinical infectious diseases. Our aim was to distinguish the present molecular epidemiological situation of XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Escherichia coli isolates recovered from local hospitals in Changzhou. Antibiotic susceptibility and phenotypic analysis, multilocus sequence typing and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis were performed to trace these isolates. Resistant phenotype and gene analysis from 29 XDR strains demonstrated that they mainly included TEM, CTX-M-1/2, OXA-48, and KPC products. A. baumannii strains belonged to sequence type (ST) ST224, and carrying the blaCTX-M-2/TEM gene. The quinolone genes aac(6’)-ib-cr and qnrB were carrying only in A. baumannii and E.coli. Three (2.3%) of these strains were found to contain the blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-5 gene. A new genotype of K. pneumoniae was found as ST2639. Epidemic characteristics of the XDR clones showed that antibiotic resistance genes distributed unevenly in different wards in Changzhou’s local hospitals. With the sequencing of blaNDM carrying isolates, the plasmids often carrying a highly conservative Tn3-relavent mobile genetic element. The especially coupled insert sequence ISKox3 may be a distinctive resistance gene transfer loci. The genotypic diversity variation of XDRs suggested that tracking and isolating the sources of antibiotic resistance especially MBL-encoding genes such as blaNDM—will help manage the risk of infection by these XDRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that 10%–20% of preschoolers have emotional and behavioral problems that would place them at‐risk for development of emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Preschool children who exhibit early onset of antisocial and externalizing problem behaviors require early social‐behavioral interventions focused on social skills. A scoping review was conducted that identified 33 single‐case research design studies on social skills interventions for preschoolers. Quality indicatiors were used to examine the design quality of the studies included. A total of 19 studies met quality standards with reservation or met standards without reservations. 43 participants in 11 studies conducted by 10 research teams showed evidence to support social skills interventions as effective interventions. The majority of the evaluated studies (97%) reported IOA. These findings contribute to the growing literature base underscoring social skills interventions in early childhood settings. Practitioner Points: Social skills interventions were effective for preschoolers at risk for emotional behavioral disorders in 11 included single case research studies.A total of 19 single case research studies had robust research designs according to What Works Clearinghouse standards.Teachers were effective implementers in 12 included single case research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breeding is an important adaptation strategy to sustain rice production in China. However, the breeding priorities for ideal adaptation to future climate stress remain unknown. Here, we established 15 scenarios representing the high-median-low levels of chilling sensitivity, heat sensitivity, and maturity type attributes based on 140 existing rice varieties and assessed the performance of these scenarios for climate change adaptation in Northeast China. Results showed that the average yield of low-chilling-sensitivity varieties will decline by 10.8–47.5% in the 2100s, depending on SSPs. If the increase in warming is greater than 1.7 °C, low-heat-sensitivity varieties show higher yields than low-chilling-sensitivity ones, but the average yield will decline by 10.4–33.5% in the 2100s than that under baseline climate. Comparably, the contribution of varieties with an extended whole growth duration was at least 5 times greater than that of low-sensitivity varieties, resulting in a 50% yield increase relative to that at the baseline climate. Our study suggests that late-maturing varieties have considerable breeding potential relative to the varieties with low sensitivity to cold and heat stresses, and late maturity is thus recommended as the primary breeding target for adaptation to climate change in Northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of tumor with high malignant behaviors. Increasing investigates have confirmed that long non-coding RNA HLA complex group 18 (lncRNA HCG18) acted as a tumor-promoting factor in multiple tumors. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of HCG18 on OS remains largely unclear. HCG18, miR-34a, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expressions were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) or western blotting assays, respectively. The underlying tumorigenic phenotypes were detected by MTT, wound healing, transwell invasion, western blotting assays. Molecular interactions were verified by dual-luciferase report assay. HCG18 and RUNX2 were notably enhanced, whereas miR-34a was decreased in OS tumor tissues and cell lines. Functional experiments uncovered that HCG18 silencing significantly inhibited the capabilities of proliferation, migration, and invasion, while overexpression of HCG18 play the opposite roles. Furthermore, HCG18 directly bound to miR-34a, and miR-34a was confirm to be a negative regulator of RUNX2. Interestingly, the anti-tumor effects of HCG18 silencing were attenuated by miR-34a inhibitor and RUNX2 overexpression. Taken together, the present study suggested that HCG18 promoted the malignant biological behaviors of OS through regulating the miR-34a/RUNX2 pathway, implying HCG18 might serve as a new target for OS treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategies for the preparation of sulfones have received much attention because they have found widespread applications in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials science fields. Although the radical hydrosulfonylations of alkenes have provided a direct and powerful technique for sulfone synthesis, these protocols still suffer from some shortcomings, such as a limited alkene scope and the use of expensive photocatalysts and/or 4-mercaptophenol. Herein, we report a visible light-initiated manganese-catalyzed radical hydrosulfonylation technique using commercially available and relatively cheap sulfonyl chlorides as sulfonyl radical sources, which can expediently convert a wide range of alkenes to valuable sulfonyl-containing compounds under very mild reaction conditions. Besides a broad substrate scope (we disclose more than 50 examples), this practical strategy exhibits extraordinary functional-group tolerance and can be applied to the late-stage functionalization of complex drug derivatives. Importantly, compared to the existing methods for the photocatalytic hydrosulfonylation of alkenes, the current procedure avoids the usage of precious Ir-based photocatalysts and toxic 4-mercaptophenol, thus providing a green and sustainable alternative to alkene hydrosulfonylation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The swelling behavior of compacted bentonite needs to be analyzed in detail to ensure the buffer functions in deep geological repositories. In this study, various swelling tests were conducted on densely compacted Gaomiaozi bentonite and role of the boundary condition, stress–suction coupling, and effective stress was analyzed. Results show that the porewater density, total suction, and swelling pressure after water saturation increased with the final dry density. The void ratio of the saturated specimen depends solely on the vertical pressure, and the relationship between the water ratio (void ratio times the degree of saturation) and total suction is also unique. In addition, total suction of the specimen after stress release exceeded the imposed target suction and the difference increased with the vertical pressure. Moreover, total suction of the saturated specimen increased linearly with the vertical pressure, and the ratio of the swelling pressure to the total suction increased exponentially with the degree of saturation. In view of this stress–suction coupling, total suction of the specimen after stress release was adopted as the microscopic effective stress. At last, an aggregate dry density (mass of the solid phase divided by volume of the clay aggregates) was employed to characterize the extent of swelling. The relationship between the effective microscopic stress and aggregate dry density is unique, indicating that the effective stress principle is valid during swelling of the bentonite microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is currently benefiting from climate warming in Northeast China, but whether such positive effect will continue in the future remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the impacts of individual and combined climate variables on rice yields in Northeast China during 1980–2015. Results show that there is 10% yield increase induced by climate change in Northeast China since 1980. At present, the reduced chilling results in 5.4% yield increase (approximately 28,000 tons) and the higher growing degree-day contributes to 4.6% yield increase (approximately 24,000 tons), while the high-temperature extreme reduced yield by 0.054% (approximately 280 tons). However, with continuous warming, the harmful impact of such high-temperature extreme will outweigh other positive climate effects when the temperature increases by 3.36 °C. Therefore, high-temperature extremes cannot be ignored despite their influence on rice yield being quite limited at present in Northeast China. Climate change mitigation and heat tolerance breeding are thus necessary for rice production in Northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new therapy for treating cancer with less toxicity, high selectivity, good cooperativity, and repetitive usability. However, keloid treatment by PDT is mainly focused on clinical appearance, and few studies have been conducted on the mechanisms of PDT. In this study, key factors of the classical mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway were measured to assess the effect of a new PDT photosensitizer (p1). A specific inhibitor of caspase-8 (Z-IETD-FMK) was also used to verify the possible mechanisms. Twelve samples were obtained from 12 patients (six with keloids and six without) selected randomly from the Department of Plastic Surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January to December 2020. After cell culture, fibroblasts were divided into 13 groups. The morphology of fibroblasts in each group was observed by microscopy. Cell activity was measured by cell counting kit-8, and cell apoptotic morphology was observed by TUNEL staining. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative value was measured by a ROS test kit. The expression levels of key mitochondrial factors (caspase-3, caspase-8, cytochrome-c, Bax, and Bcl-2) were assessed by western blot, and mRNA expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was measured by RT-qPCR. We showed that p1 had a satisfactory proapoptotic effect on keloid fibroblasts by increasing the expression of ROS, caspase-3, caspase-8, and cytochrome-c, and decreasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio; however, this effect was partially inhibited by Z-IETD-FMK, indicating that caspase-8 may be one of the p1's targets to achieve the proapoptotic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proliferation is an important characteristic of life, and many signaling pathways participate in this complicated process. The MAPK/Erk pathway is a classic pathway in cell proliferation. In this study, expression levels of key factors in the MAPK/Erk pathway were measured to assess the proliferation level among normal skin, physiological scar, and keloid tissue. Thirty patients were selected randomly from the Department of Plastic Surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. Histological appearance and fiber tissue content were observed by Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining. Expression levels of key factors in the MAPK/Erk pathway (ATF2, c-Jun, c-Myc, p38 and STAT1) and relative proteins (HIF-1α and PCNA) in tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and analyzed as the percentage of positively stained cells in both the tissue epidermis and dermis. Western blot was used for quantitative analysis of the above factors. In results, keloid tissue showed a significantly higher fiber and less cell content. In the immunohistochemical result, higher expression of key factors was observed in the epidermis than in the dermal layer, and the expression of all factors was increased remarkably in keloid tissue. In western blot analysis, all factors (except STAT1) showed higher expression in keloid tissue. In our former research, keloid showed similar apoptosis level as physiological scar and normal skin. On combining our former conclusion and results in this study, an imbalance condition between the high proliferation level and normal apoptosis level may lead to the growth characteristics of keloid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pairs of lepton and antilepton (dilepton) in a continuous mass range are one of the most experimentally challenging and golden probes of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy ion collisions because they do not strongly interact with the hot and dense medium, and reflect the properties of the medium at the time the dilepton is generated. The measurements of dileptons require lepton identification with high purity and high efficiency at large detector acceptance. STAR is one of two large experiments at the relativistic heavy ion collider with a primary goal of searching for the QGP and studying its properties. The STAR experiment launched a comprehensive dielectron ( e + e − ) program enabled by the time-of-flight (TOF) detector that had been fully installed in 2010. In this article, we review the decade-long R & D , the construction and performance of the STAR TOF detector, and dielectron measurements, including thermal dielectron production and dielectron production from the Breit–Wheeler process. Future perspectives are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overexpression of survivin is frequently observed in human malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis. The present study found that survivin is highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor tissues. Depleting survivin with shRNA inhibited cell viability, colony formation, and in vivo tumorigenesis of NPC cells. With a natural product screening, we identified Butein as a potential anti-tumor compound for NPC by reducing survivin protein level. Butein shortened the half-life of survivin and enhanced ubiquitination-mediated degradation. The mechanism study showed that Butein promoted the interaction between survivin and E3 ligase Fbxl7, and the knockdown of Fbxl7 compromised Butein-induced survivin ubiquitination. Butein suppressed the Akt-Wee1-CDK1 signaling and decreased survivin Thr34 phosphorylation, facilitating E3 ligase Fbxl7-mediated survivin ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, Butein exhibited a strong in vivo anti-tumor activity, as the tumor volume of Butein-treated xenografts was reduced significantly. Butein alone or combined with cisplatin (CDDP) overcame chemoresistance in NPC xenograft tumors. Overall, our data indicate that Butein is a promising anti-tumor agent for NPC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (FOC), the causal agent of cabbage fusarium wilt, is a serious threat to cabbage production in northern China, and most Chinese FOC isolates were identified as FOC race 1 (FOC1). To better understand the genetic diversity of FOC1 in northern China, we collected FOC isolates from five provinces in northern China and identified them as FOC1 through pathogenicity and race test. To evaluate the genome-level diversity of FOC1, we performed a genome assembly for a FOC1 isolate (FoYQ-1) collected from Yanqing, Beijing, where cabbage fusarium wilt was first reported in China. Using resequencing data of FOC1 isolates, we conducted a genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of FOC1 isolates in northern China. Our study indicated that Chinese FOC1 can be grouped into four populations and revealed that the genetic diversity of FOC1 were closely associated with geographical locations. Our study further suggests that genetic differentiation occurred when FOC1 spread to the northwest provinces from Beijing Province in China. The FOC1 genetic diversity based on whole-genome SNPs could deepen our understanding of FOC1 variation and provide clues for the control of cabbage fusarium wilt in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parallel manipulators are increasingly utilized in extensive industrial applications due to their high accuracy, compact structure, and significant stiffness characteristics. However, most of the time, massive actuators are involved in constructing and controlling a parallel manipulator, which burdens the structure design and controller development. In this paper, a novel underactuated positioning system been built by different sets of linear motion units (defined as the positioning lines) is proposed, enabling to actuate the multiple degree-of-freedom manipulators with one motor. To achieve this, a smart shape memory alloy (SMA) clutch is presented to obtain the positioning function of each positioning line. Further, to get the decoupled motion regulation of the positioning lines, a new thermal kinematic model of the SMA clutch, which considers the heat dissipation influence on the metal components, was built and validated by the physical prototypes. The experimental results show that the constitutive model of the SMA clutch developed in this paper can be validated within the error of 5.3%. It can also be found that the heat dissipation of the metal component has a significant influence on the model accuracy of the SMA clutch (i.e., 2.6% of the model accuracy). The experiments on the underactuated positioning system produce the following results: the single positioning line can achieve high positioning (i.e., average error: 1.01%) and tracking (i.e., average error $\leq$ 1 mm) abilities; the underactuated positioning system can perform decoupled motions in the three positioning lines with high accuracy (i.e., ±2 mm within the stroke of 180 mm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been demonstrated that polyoxometalates (POMs) have strong anchoring abilities with efficient catalysis of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). However, the severe aggregation that buries the effective active sites of POMs along with poor electrical conductivity limits the practical application of POMs in lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs). In our strategy, we utilized reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to support a POM catalyst entrapped in a MIL-88A(FeCo) network with a hollow shell skeleton as the sulfur host material. H4PW11VO40 (PW11V) with optimal vanadium atom implantation ensures the ruggedness and integrity of the hollow structure, which is conducive to achieving high sulfur loading as well as accommodating the volume change of the sulfur cathode during the charging and discharging process. Importantly, PW11V can capture polysulfides through firm chemical adsorption and accelerate redox reactions of LiPS conversion by effective electrochemical catalysis. Furthermore, the satisfactory electrical conductivity of rGO provides access for electrons to reach the interface of PW11V and polysulfides and trigger Li–S conversion reactions. Thus, the constructed PW11V-based sulfur cathode exhibited a superior specific capacity of 905 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles under 0.2 C and long cycling life with a capacity recession rate of 0.046% for each cycle upon 500 cycles under 3 C. This research reveals the effect of vanadium atom substitution of POMs on the cycling performance of a sulfur cathode and affords insight for developing high-performance LSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motion stages are widely used for precision positioning in manufacturing and metrology applications. However, they suffer from nonlinear premotion (i.e. "static") friction, which adversely affects their speed and motion precision. In this article, a friction isolator is used as a simple and robust solution to mitigate the undesirable effects of premotion friction in precision motion stages. For the first time, a theoretical study is carried out to understand the dynamic phenomena associated with using a friction isolator on a motion stage. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to examine the dynamical effects of friction isolator on a proportional–integral–derivative-controlled motion stage under LuGre friction dynamics. The influence of friction isolator on the response and stability of the system is examined through theoretical and numerical analyses. Parametric analysis is also carried out to study the effects of friction isolator and friction parameters on the eigenvalue and stability characteristics. The numerical results validate the theoretical findings and demonstrate several other interesting nonlinear phenomena associated with the introduction of friction isolator. This motivates deeper nonlinear dynamical analyses of friction isolator for precision motion control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a reusable resource, remolded soils are often not utilized on a large scale due to their high water content and low bearing capacity. By using polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) as reinforcing material and cement as cementing material, the remolded soil was improved into a usable consolidated remolded soil, and the effects of different fiber content, fiber length modulus, and conservation age on the static and dynamic characteristics of the consolidated remolded soil were investigated by conducting triaxial consolidated undrained shear tests and dynamic triaxial tests on the consolidated remolded soil. The results show that the use of PVA fiber reinforced cement can effectively improve the shear strength and dynamic strength of the remolded soil and reduce the water content of the remolded soil; the best effect on the static strength of the remolded soil was achieved when 0.1% of PVA fibers with a length of 6 mm were incorporated into the specimens at a conservation age of 28 d; the best effect on the dynamic strength of the remolded soil was achieved when 0.3% of PVA fibers with a length of 12 mm were incorporated into the specimens at a conservation age of 7 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular ribonucleic acids (RNAs) (circRNAs) are formed by covalently linking the downstream splice donor and the upstream splice acceptor. One of the most important functions of circRNAs is mainly exerted through binding RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). However, there is no efficient algorithm for identifying genome-wide circRNA–RBP interactions. Here, we developed a unique algorithm, circRIP, for identifying circRNA–RBP interactions from RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-Seq) data. A simulation test demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of circRIP. By applying circRIP, we identified 95 IGF2BP3-binding circRNAs based on the IGF2BP3 RIP-Seq dataset. We further identified 2823 and 1333 circRNAs binding to >100 RBPs in K562 and HepG2 cell lines, respectively, based on enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) data, demonstrating the significance to survey the potential interactions between circRNAs and RBPs. In this study, we provide an accurate and sensitive tool, circRIP (https://github.com/bioinfolabwhu/circRIP), to systematically identify RBP and circRNA interactions from RIP-Seq and eCLIP data, which can significantly benefit the research community for the functional exploration of circRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • HIU enhanced the physicochemical properties, particularly in TAC, TFC, TPC, and peptide content. • HIU enhanced IVPD by up to 12.24 %, despite a decrease in total protein content. • HIU showed the capacity to modify protein by inducing structural transformation. • This study is beneficial to a diverse consumer, especially those with dietary sensitivities. This study evaluates the impact of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) on the physicochemical properties and in-vitro digestibility of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Various ultrasound durations (0–60 min) were applied to assess changes in color attributes, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), total protein content, and in-vitro protein digestibility (IVPD). Results indicated HIU maximumly increased TAC, TFC, TPC, and peptide content before digestion by 7.28 % (US60), 3.00 % (US30), 32.43 % (US10), and 18.93 % (US60), respectively. While HIU reduced total protein content, it enhanced IVPD by up to 12.24 % (US30). Color attributes electron microscopy reflected structural changes in the cod samples, suggesting the effectiveness of HIU in altering protein structures. These findings highlight HIU's potential as a non-thermal technique for improving the sensory and nutritional quality of Atlantic cod, offering valuable insights for the seafood processing industry and consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic metal welding (UMW) is a reliable solid-state joining technique used in manufacturing lithium batteries and wire terminals. Current research leverages deep learning methods to predict tensile strength of UMW joint. However, there is a gap in studying the prediction of contact resistance in UMW joints, which is a critical factor in the performance of lithium batteries and wire terminals. We propose a novel online method for predicting both the tensile strength and contact resistance in UMW. To enhance prediction accuracy, we use Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to extract vibration signals and employ the Spectrum Customized Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (SCDDPM) for time series data generation. Firstly, given the non-stationary nature of the raw vibration signal, VMD method is used for effective signal decomposition. To optimally separate effective vibration signals from interference, PSO is used to automatically determine the ideal decomposition number K and penalty factor α in VMD. Secondly, Considering the high-frequency and large data size of vibration signals, as well as the low-frequency of power and pressure signals, we develop a spectrum customized time series signal generation method named SCDDPM. This method overcomes the mode-collapse issue encountered with Generative Adversarial Networks and increases the number of abnormal samples. Lastly, a 17-layer MobileNetV2 network is used to extract features from vibration, power, and pressure. These extracted features are then concatenated for UMW quality prediction. Our proposed method has been evaluated in predicting two key quality aspects of UMW: contact resistance and tensile strength. It excels in predicting tensile strength with a RMSE of 10.11 and an R 2 of 0.85, outperforming existing best methods by reducing RMSE by 30.75% and increasing R 2 by 13.33%. Moreover, this is the first instance of successfully predicting contact resistance in UMW joints. • Variational Mode Decomposition is employed to decompose the raw vibration signal. • We design a spectrum customized time series signal generation method named SCDDPM. • The proposed method is used for predicting tensile strength of weld joints. • For the first time, we successfully predict the contact resistance of weld joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-altitude de-acclimatization (HADA) significantly impacts physiological functions when individuals acclimatize to high altitudes return to lower altitudes. This study investigates HADA's effects on renal function and structure in rats, focusing on oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress as potential mechanisms of renal injury. To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms of renal damage in HADA and evaluate the efficacy of antioxidants Vitamin C (Vit C) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in mitigating these effects. 88 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a high-altitude (HA) group, a high-altitude de-acclimatization (HADA) group, and a treatment group. The control group was housed in a sea level environment (500 m), while the HA, HADA, and treatment groups were placed in a simulated high-altitude chamber (5000 m) for 90 days. After this period, the HA group completed the modeling phase; the HADA group was further subdivided into four subgroups, each continuing to be housed in a sea level environment for 3, 7, 14, and 30 days, respectively. The treatment group was split into the Vit C group, the TUDCA group, and two placebo groups, receiving medication for 3 consecutive days, once daily upon return to the sea level. The Vit C group received 100 mg/kg Vit C solution via intravenous injection, the TUDCA group received 250 mg/kg TUDCA solution via intraperitoneal injection, and the placebo groups received an equivalent volume of saline similarly. Serum, urine, and kidney tissues were collected immediately after the modeling phase. Renal function and oxidative stress levels were assessed using biochemical and ELISA methods. Renal histopathology was observed with H&E, Masson's trichrome, PAS, and PASM staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of glomeruli and filtration barrier. TUNEL staining assessed cortical apoptosis in the kidneys. Metabolomics was employed for differential metabolite screening and pathway enrichment analysis. Compared to the control and HA groups, the HADA 3-day group (HADA-3D) exhibited elevated renal function indicators, significant pathological damage, observable ultrastructural alterations including endoplasmic reticulum expansion and apoptosis. TUNEL-positive cells significantly increased, indicating heightened oxidative stress levels. Various differential metabolites were enriched in pathways related to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Early intervention with Vit C and TUDCA markedly alleviated renal injury in HADA rats, significantly reducing the number of apoptotic cells, mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress, and substantially lowering oxidative stress levels. This study elucidates the pivotal roles of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the early-stage renal injury in rats undergoing HADA. Early intervention with the Vit C and TUDCA significantly mitigates renal damage caused by HADA. These findings provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of HADA and suggest potential therapeutic strategies for its future management. • Study on renal effects of high-altitude de-acclimatization (HADA) in rats. • Vitamin C and TUDCA reduce oxidative stress and kidney damage from HADA. • Identifies key metabolites and pathways in HADA-related kidney damage. • Advances understanding of physiological impacts in high-altitude medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central feature of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is crystallinity which is conducive to forming a uniform pore structure. However, synthesis of highly crystalline COFs based on stable covalent bonds remains formidable task. In this paper, a highly crystalline acylhydrazone COF-BD was synthesized in aqueous phase. The synthesis mechanism was proposed that the protonated hydrazide monomers dissolved in aqueous phase reacted with aldehyde monomers by deprotonation into the micellar. By investigating the effects of experimental parameters on the crystallinity of COF-BD, it was founded that under C9–COONa as surfactant, 80 °C, and 1.0 eq acetic acid as catalyst, acylhydrazone COF-BD with good crystallinity could be prepared. To prove the extensibility of this method, another acylhydrazone COF was prepared successfully. [Display omitted] • The aqueous synthesis of a highly crystalline 2D COF based on acylhydrazone bonds was presented. • The reaction mechanism of acylhydrazone COF was elaborated. • The influence of surfactant, temperature, and catalysis on improving crystallinity were investigated systematically. • The extensibility of acylhydrazone COF synthesis was explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the molecular mechanism of bacterial triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes degradation is crucial for its practical application. Herein, genome and transcriptome analysis was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of efficient TPM dyes degradation by Serratia sp. strain WKD, including at high temperatures. Genome analysis results indicated that the cytochrome p450 gene, aromatic compound degradation gene, and some other metabolic degradation genes were probably involved in TPM dyes degradation. Heat shock protein genes, and motility and chemotaxis genes might be critical for the strain to adapt to high temperatures. Furthermore, RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis results confirmed that frmA and copA were the key genes involved in malachite green (MG) and crystal violet (CV) degradation at 30 °C. Besides, heat shock protein genes ibpB and ibpA , and lon , amiD _ 2 , and cueO (frmA) were the key genes involved in MG (CV) degradation at high temperatures (45 °C). Moreover, molecular mechanism of efficient MG and CV degradation by the strain was proposed, including at high temperatures. These results provide a valuable theoretical basis for practical application. [Display omitted] • Molecular mechanism of microbial triphenylmethane dye degradation was investigated. • Heat shock proteins and environmental stress adaptation genes were observed. • frmA and copA were critical for malachite green and crystal violet degradation at 30 °C. • ibpB , ibpA , lon , amiD _ 2 , and cueO were involved in malachite green degradation at 45 °C. • ibpB , ibpA , lon , amiD _ 2 , and frmA were involved in crystal violet degradation at 45 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp, belonging to the class Malacostraca and specifically to the order Decapod, is a common species in crustaceans with abundant nutrients, such as protein, amino acids, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, astaxanthin, and antioxidants. However, shrimp is considered as one of the "big eight" allergenic foods, which leads to a series of allergic reactions from mild to life-threatening in shrimp-allergic individuals. Tropomyosin is identified as shrimp's major allergen. Food processing techniques induce the structural changes in allergens to further affect shrimp allergenicity. Compared to conventional treatments (e.g. heating, steaming), novel processing treatments show superior effects in reducing shrimp allergenicity and retaining the nutritional value and sensory quality. This review discusses the epidemiology worldwide of shrimp allergy and the properties of shrimp's main allergens. It summarizes the latest findings of novel processing methods to lower the allergenicity of shrimps, including microwave, ultrasound, pulsed light, cold plasma, fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, high pressure, and a combination of several processing methods. Besides, current strategies and future therapies for patients are also discussed to better manage shrimp allergy. Shrimp allergy is a critical health issue with globally increasing prevalence. In the food industry, non-thermal processing techniques can modify allergen structures and meanwhile maintain shrimp physiochemical properties better than thermal techniques. Ultrasound processing is the most commonly discussed technique that effectively reduces shrimp allergenicity. Compared to when the novel processing technique was applied alone, a combination of several processing techniques applied sequentially can reduce shrimp allergenicity more efficiently and effectively. To date, studies focusing on the application of novel processing techniques to reduce/modify shrimp allergens are still scarce, and improved processing efficiency is also required in further research. • Non-thermal methods can retain shrimp physiochemical properties better. • Heat-stable tropomyosin can be modified by high-intensity thermal treatments. • Ultrasound is the most common processing method to reduce shrimp allergenicity. • A combination of several processing techniques can be more efficient and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Film plays a key role in the sustainable development of our society. Freestanding thin films of two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been produced by interface, spin coating, microwave‐assisted synthesis, and screen printing methods and are applied in nanofiltration, molecular separation, photochemical sensing, anion transport, heat conduction, and proton conduction. On the other hand, the synthesis of their three‐dimensional (3D) analogues and subsequent integration in devices remains challenging. Herein, self‐supporting thin films of a three‐dimensional COF with tunable thickness was created by a stearic acid mediated synthesis methodology on water surface at room temperature in air. The film could be transferred onto arbitrary substrate, and when supported on indium tin oxide glass, it exhibited irreversible electrochromism. The optical feature made it act as a one‐time anti‐counterfeiting label in an electrochemical device. This work will inspire the synthesis of thin films of 3D COFs as well as other 3D materials, and boost their property and application exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard therapy for men with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). PCa often responds to ADT and enters a dormancy period, which can be recognized clinically as a minimal residual disease. However, the majority of these patients will eventually experience a relapse in the form of castration-resistant PCa with poor survival. Therefore, ADT-induced dormancy is a unique time window for treatment that can provide a cure. The study of this well-recognized phase of prostate cancer progression is largely hindered by the scarcity of appropriate clinical tissue and clinically relevant preclinical models. Here, we report the utility of unique and clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft models in the study of the intrinsic immune landscape of dormant PCa. Using data from RNA sequencing, we have reconstructed the immune evasion mechanisms that can be utilized by dormant PCa cells. Since dormant PCa cells need to evade the host immune surveillance for survival, our results provide a framework for further study and for devising immunomodulatory mechanisms that can eliminate dormant PCa cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an indispensable role in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Based on a patient's symptom phenotypes, computation-based prescription recommendation methods can recommend personalized TCM prescription using machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. However, owing to the complexity and individuation of a patient's clinical phenotypes, current prescription recommendation methods cannot obtain good performance. Meanwhile, it is very difficult to conduct effective representation for unrecorded symptom terms in an existing knowledge base. In this study, we proposed a subnetwork-based symptom term mapping method (SSTM) and constructed a SSTM-based TCM prescription recommendation method (termed TCMPR). Our SSTM can extract the subnetwork structure between symptoms from a knowledge network to effectively represent the embedding features of clinical symptom terms (especially the unrecorded terms). The experimental results showed that our method performs better than state-of-the-art methods. In addition, the comprehensive experiments of TCMPR with different hyperparameters (i.e., feature embedding, feature dimension, subnetwork filter threshold, and feature fusion) demonstrate that our method has high performance on TCM prescription recommendation and potentially promote clinical diagnosis and treatment of TCM precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To show the effect of surface texture on transfer film growth of continuous carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic poly(ether ether ketone) (CCF-PEEK), tribological behaviors of untextured and laser-engraved-dimple-textured WC–Co, TiN and DLC surfaces dry-sliding against CCF-PEEK pin were studied in ambient atmosphere (pv = 0.46 MPa•m/s). Little tribo-film formed on untextured WC–Co, TiN and DLC, but continuous, relatively uniform CCF-PEEK transfer films with micron-level thickness grew from the majority of dimples along the sliding direction on textured WC–Co, TiN and DLC. A stable reduction in coefficient of friction by nearly 38.3% was achieved by textured WC–Co compared to the untextured. Texturing also yielded significant friction reduction to TiN, but almost did not lower the friction of DLC. Micro-cutting effect from the dimple texture edges probably caused considerable material removal of the counterpart CCF-PEEK pin and the repetitive friction cycles shaped the CCF-PEEK wear debris into the tribo-films. The friction reduction could be primarily attributed to the substantial mediation of tribological CCF-PEEK transfer films on the sliding interface. This study indicates that surface texture can facilitate the growth of polymeric transfer films with tribological application potentials in dry-sliding conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinyang tablet (XYT) has been used for heart failure (HF) for over twenty years in clinical practice, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to explore the protective effects of XYT in HF in vivo and in vitro. Transverse aortic constriction was performed in vivo to establish a mouse model of cardiac pressure overload. Echocardiography, tissue staining, and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were examined to evaluate the protective effects of XYT on cardiac function and structure. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate production, reactive oxygen species staining, and measurement of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase was used to detect mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope. Immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the effect of XYT on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy, and to identify its potential pharmacological mechanism. In vitro , HL-1 cells and neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were stimulated with Angiotensin II to establish the cell model. Western blotting, qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were utilized to determine the effects of XYT on cardiomyocytes. HL-1 cells overexpressing receptor-interacting serum/three-protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) were generated by transfection of RIPK3-overexpressing lentiviral vectors. Cells were then co-treated with XYT to determine the molecular mechanisms. In the present study, XYT was found to exerta protective effect on cardiac function and structure in the pressure overload mice. And it was also found XYT reduced mitochondrial damage by enhancing mitochondrial unfolded protein response and restoring mitophagy. Further studies showed that XYT achieved its cardioprotective role through regulating the RIPK3/FUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) signaling. Moreover, the overexpression of RIPK3 successfully reversed the XYT-induced protective effects and significantly attenuated the positive effects on the mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy. Our findings indicated that XYT prevented pressure overload-induced HF through regulating the RIPK3/FUNDC1-mediated mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitophagy. The information gained from this study provides a potential strategy for attenuating mitochondrial damage in the context of pressure overload-induced heart failure using XYT. [Display omitted] • XYT reduces cardiac dysfunction in TAC mice. • XYT reduces AngII-induced cardiomyocyte injury. • RIPK3/FUNDC1-mediated UPRmt and mitophagy is an important pathway for the efficacy of XYT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]