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Summary There are variations in individual eltrombopag concentrations that may impact efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in paediatric immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP). To solve this problem, we tailored the eltrombopag dosage refer to concentration, then followed up to assess concentration value in paediatric ITP. This is a single‐centre, prospective, observational study. The eltrombopag dosage was adjusted, and children were divided into three groups: the maintenance, discontinuation, and increase groups. Concentration and other data were compared to explore concentration value in guiding the individualized treatment of paediatric ITP. Thirty‐nine patients were enrolled, including 23 in the maintenance group, 3 in the discontinued group and 13 in the increase group. 3 patients discontinued eltrombopag due to ADRs, which was significantly higher than patients in the maintenance group (t = 3.606, p = 0.001). In all, 13 patients increased their dosage due to poor response, whose concentration and platelet count were significantly lower than patients in the maintenance group (t = 2.461, p = 0.019; t = 4.633, p < 0.001). Two months after the increase, the number of patients reaching CR and R respectively increased by 2 and 3, while the median platelet count was significantly raised (Z = −2.411, p = 0.016). Concentration could be used as a reference index for the individualized treatment of eltrombopag in paediatric ITP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We have previously confirmed the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag (ELT) in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (cITP). However, data on both long‐term exposure and early use of TPO‐RAs are lacking, so further 'field‐practice' evidence on treatment is required. Here, we report the long‐term follow‐up results (between September 2018 and June 2023) of our previous study. The main objective of this study was to retrospectively review our large institutional experience with ITP patients previously enrolled in our paediatric cITP study. We had more than 3 years of follow‐up by June 2023 for treatment patterns and outcomes. A total of 65 patients (28 males) were enrolled, with a median age at ELT initiation of 6.34 (range 1.65, 14.13) years and a follow‐up of 47.07 (36.00, 57.00) months, with 40.36 (10.53, 56.83) months of ELT therapy at the time of analysis. In total, 29.23% (19/65) of patients discontinued ELT due to stable response, and 18.46% (12/65) of patients switched to other ITP therapies due to loss of response (LOR) after 19.13 (14.53, 26.37) months. Of the 19 patients who discontinued ELT due to a stable response, 24.62% (16/65) achieved a 12 m sustained response off‐treatment (SRoT); the last recorded platelet count ranged from 56 to 166 × 109/L (median 107 × 109/L); and 4.62% (3/65) patients relapsed at 5, 6 and 9 months after discontinuation. Of the 12 patients who LOR to ELT after 19.13 (14.53, 26.37) months of therapy, four switched to avatrombopag, three switched to hetrombopag, two switched to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), one underwent splenectomy and two received additional prednisolone under ELT treatment. Thirty‐four patients who tapered and maintained a durable response. The patients with LOR and the patients with tapering were compared; the platelet count at the start of ELT is lower, and the time to response is longer in the patients with LOR. The platelet count at the start of ELT and the time to response may be the predictive factors for LOR during ELT treatment. We report more than 3 years of long‐term clinical data on children with cITP using ELT. These data do not raise any new safety concerns regarding the long‐term use of ELT in children with cITP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we construct a Cu@ZrO2 heterogenous structure as a new catalyst that achieves a large NH3 yield of 15.4 mg h−1 mg−1cat. and a high faradaic efficiency of 67.6% at −0.7 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M PBS with 0.1 M NaNO3, and it also shows excellent electrochemical durability and structural stability. Theoretical calculations reveal an extremely low adsorption energy of −1.54 eV at Cu surfaces and Cu can significantly reduce the applied overpotential and correspondingly promote the catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia via nitrogen reduction reaction is a rational route to save energy and relieve pollution compared to the traditional Haber‐Bosch process. In this report, ZrO2 nanosphere derived from thermolysis of Zr‐based biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid MOFs (ZrO2/C) as a non‐noble metal catalyst with large specific surface area and porous structure is proposed to fix nitrogen to ammonia at ambient conditions. Such catalyst achieves Faradaic efficiency of 11.86 % and a NH3 yield rate of 10.72 μg h−1 mg−1cat. at −0.6 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M Na2SO4. First‐principles calculations confirm the alternating reaction at the catalyst surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are highly desirable. In this report, we successfully synthesized amorphous Fe−P shell electrodeposited on Co(OH)F nanowire arrays supported on titanium mesh (Fe−P@Co(OH)F/TM) as an efficient catalyst for OER. Such catalyst exhibits excellent OER activity with a low overpotential of 267 mV to reach the geometrical current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. In addition, it has good electrochemical durability to maintain its activity for at least 20 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we construct a Cu@ZrO 2 heterogenous structure as a new catalyst that achieves a large NH 3 yield of 15.4 mg h -1 mg -1 cat . and a high faradaic efficiency of 67.6% at -0.7 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M PBS with 0.1 M NaNO 3 , and it also shows excellent electrochemical durability and structural stability. Theoretical calculations reveal an extremely low adsorption energy of -1.54 eV at Cu surfaces and Cu can significantly reduce the applied overpotential and correspondingly promote the catalytic activity.