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Two novel homometallic Ru−Ru and heterometallic Ru−Os dimers and trimers, [MII(bpy)2(4‐tpy‐4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)MII(tpy)]4+ and [MII(bpy)2](4‐tpy‐4′‐tpy‐2,2′‐bipyridine)(MII(tpy))2]6+, have been first prepared and characterized. Electrochemical properties of the metal‐based reversible oxidation and ligand‐based reduction are measured. Spectroscopic analysis of these complexes exhibits for every Ru‐ or Os‐based subunit an individual intense absorption spectrum extended over the entire UV and visible region. The heteronuclear complexes [RuII(bpy)2(4‐tpy‐4′‐methyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)OsII(tpy)]4+, [RuII(bpy)2](4‐tpy‐4′‐tpy‐2,2′‐bipyridine)(OsII(tpy))2]6+, and [OsII(bpy)2](4‐tpy‐4′‐tpy‐2,2′‐bipyridine)(RuII(tpy))2]6+ display a weak emission spectrum in the near‐infrared region (NIR). The luminescence of the polynuclear assemblies is quantitatively quenched, by intramolecular energy transfer to the lower‐lying metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) and metal‐centered (3MC) state of the Os(II)‐based center or Ru(II)‐terpyridine moiety at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new menthane-type monoterpenoid, illigerate E (1), as well as two known ones, (1R*,3R*,4S*,6R*)-6,8-dihydroxymenthol (2) and cis-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one (3), were isolated from fermented Illigera aromatica with Clonostachys rogersoniana 828H2. Their structures were identified by HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR spectra. Their inhibitory effects of NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages were estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes of cerebral cortical thickness in patients with end- stage renal disease (ESRD) and the relationship between cortical thickness and kidney function. Methods A total of 35 ESRD patients were enrolled in this study. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin (Hb), serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), serum potassium and serum calcium of those patients were examined. Head MRI was performed to observe the changes of cerebral cortical thickness. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between cerebral cortical thickness and kidney function. Results Compared with normal controls, ESRD patients showed decreased cerebral cortical thickness in right prefrontal cortex, including lateral prefrontal cortex (Peak 1 and 2), medial prefrontal cortex (Peak 3) and ventral prefrontal cortex (Peak 4; P < 0.05, for all, RFT correction). Pearson correlation analysis showed that lateral prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 1: r = - 0.344, P = 0.043; Peak 2: r = - 0.335, P = 0.049) and medial prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 3: r = - 0.387, P = 0.021) were negatively correlated with serum Cr; lateral prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 1: r = - 0.384, P = 0.023; Peak 2: r = - 0.380, P = 0.024), medial prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 3: r = - 0.470, P = 0.004) and ventral prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 4: r = - 0.440, P = 0.009) were negatively correlated with serum BUN; medial prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 3) was positively correlated with Hb (r = 0.339, P = 0.046) and was negatively correlated with serum potassium (r = - 0.335, P = 0.049); lateral prefrontal cortex thickness (Peak 2) was positively correlated with corrected serum calcium (r = 0.354, P = 0.037). Conclusions ESRD patients had decreased thickness of right prefrontal cortex, including lateral prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex and ventral prefrontal cortex, which was correlated with kidney function. These results provided compelling evidence for cortical abnormality of ESRD patients, and suggested that kidney function may be the key factor for predicting changes of brain tissue structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blaps rynchopetera Fairmaire has long been used as a folk medicine by the Yi and Bai ethnic groups in China to treat fever, cough, gastritis, boils, and tumors. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of the defensive secretion (TDS) of B. rynchopetera against AGS Caco-2, HepG2 U251 and Bel-7402 was tested, and the results revealed that TDS had potent cytotoxicity against testing cells with IC50 values of 45.8, 17.4, 53.6, 98.4 and 23.4 g/mL, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was employed to clarify the cytotoxic constituents in TDS of B. rynchopetera and five volatile compounds, including 2-ethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (3, 31.00%), 1-tridecene (5, 28.02%), 2-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (2, 22.86%), hydroquinone (4, 1.33%), and p-benzoquinone (1, 1.01%), were identified. Chemical constituent investigation on TDS further supported the presence of 5 above compounds. A cytotoxic assay indicated that compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the testing cell lines, implying that benzoquinones and hydroquinone played important roles in the cytotoxicity of TDS of B. rynchopetera. TDS is a cytotoxic natural material and further studies investigating mechanisms and inhibitory activities on other cell lines is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new monoterpene phenylpropionic acid esters, illigerates A-C ( 1- 3), and one new aporphine alkaloid, illigeranine ( 4), as well as four known ones, actinodaphnine ( 5), nordicentrine ( 6), 8-hydroxy carvacrol ( 7), and 3-hydroxy- α,4-dimethyl styrene ( 8), were isolated from the tubers of Illigera aromatica. The structures of 1- 4 were identified by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 1 potently inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with an IC value of 18.71 ± 0.85 μM; compound 1, 3, and 4 showed moderate butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities with the IC values of 46.86 ± 0.65, 53.51 ± 0.71, and 31.62 ± 1.15 μM, respectively. Compound 4 showed weak AChE inhibitory activity with an IC value of 81.69 ± 2.07 μM, and compounds 5 and 6 possessed moderate AChE inhibitory activities with the IC values of 47.74 ± 1.66 and 40.28 ± 2.73 μM, respectively. This paper provides a chemical structure and bioactive foundation for using I. aromatica as an herbal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new phenylpropanoid glucoside tuberosinine D (1) and a chain compound (Z)-11R,12S,13S-trihydroxy-9-octadecenoate (2) were isolated from the roots ofAllium tuberosum. The absolute configuration of1was established by comparing of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism. The absolute configuration of2was determined using the modified Mosher’s method for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]