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Additional file 2: Table S2. Genetic diversity of nine microsatellite loci in all genotyped cercariae from snails of two groups.

Additional file 3: Table S3. Genetic diversity of each locus in adult worms from mice infected with two methods.

Additional file 5: Table S5. Genetic diversity of each locus in miracidia from the liver/stool of mice in Method I and Method II.

Additional file 4: Table S4. Genetic diversity of combined nine loci in worms from each mouse in Method I and Method II.

Additional file 1: Table S1. The information for nine microsatellite markers used in this study.

To investigate the infection status of intestinal nematodes and their risk factors in rural residents of Jiangxia District, Wuhan City, so as to provide the reference for the establishment of targeted prevention and control measures.According to the requirements of cross-sectional study of the national human key parasitic diseases, the residents in Shanpo Sub-district, Jiangxia District were randomly selected as the objects for the investigation of the infection status ofTotally 236 residents received the stool tests, and only the hookworm eggs were found, with an infection rate of 7.63% (18 cases). The survey of intestinal parasitic infection status and their risk factors in 600 residents found 397 cases of suspected roundworm infection, 355 cases of suspected hookworm larvae dermatitis, 295 cases of suspected hookworm infection, and 145 cases of suspected whipworm infection, respectively. The Logistic regression analysis found that the risk factors of suspected roundworm infection included not always washing hands after toilet, using manure and fertilizer, and not often wearing shoes when doing farm work; the protective factors included knowing how roundworm infection was gained, and not using fresh dung for fertilization. The risk factors of suspected hookworm infection included using well water and pond water as the source of drinking water, eating food off the ground, using manure and fertilizers, and not washing when there was only one cutting board, and its protective factors included using tap water and well water as drinking water source, knowing how the roundworm infection was gained, and sometimes or not suing fresh feces for fertilization. The risk factors for suspected whipworm infection included eating food off the ground.The intestinal parasite prevalence in the residents of the Shanpo Sub-district, Jiangxia District in Wuhan City is relatively high, and some risk factors associated with their infection indeed exist. Therefore, the regional government and health department should strengthen the health education to improve the residents' knowledge about parasitic diseases and selfprotection awareness. At the same time, the residents should take physical examination regularly and take necessary deworming treatment to effectively control the prevalence and spread of intestinal parasitic diseases.[

Studies on the enzymology of snails are important in the study of molluscicidal mechanism. The alteration of activities of enzymes after molluscicidal treatment was reported in large numbers of papers. This paper reviews the progress of studies on the enzymology of snails under the treatment of molluscicides.[

To investigate the knowledge and practice of residents about schistosomiasis prevention and control in endemic areas of Jingzhou City, Hubei Province after the disease transmission being controlled, so as to provide the valuable information for formulating an efficient health education and intervention strategy.The residents were selected by using the cluster sampling method and investigated with questionnaires in Jiangling County and Gong'an County, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, and the data were analyzed by using the descriptive analysis method, Chi-square tests and logistic regression.In a total, 826 available questionnaires were obtained with 100% of valid rate. Among them, 97.0% of the interviewee knew schistosomiasis, and 86.3% knew that the infection happened by contacting water containing cercariae. The residents in elder age (41-84 years) had higher awareness rates than the residents in lower age (6-17 years), about the regions of epidemic area (In the investigation areas, Jiangling County and Gong'an County, the awareness rates of the residents about schistosomiasis prevention and control are higher, and we should strengthen the health education and behavior intervention, especially in the students of middle and primary schools to help them have the self-protection ability efficiently.

Schistosomiasis diagnosis plays an important role in the schistosomiasis control. The early detection of schistosomiasis can help to find the infectious source and prevent advanced schistosomiasis effectively. Up to now, serodiagnosis and parasitological diagnosis are used commonly to detect the infection of

To investigate the expression of miRNA associated with hepatic fibrosis induced byThe expressions of miR-122, miR-182, miR-23b, miR27b and KSRP in AML12 cells treated with SEA were measured by q-PCR. KSRP protein in cell lyses was measured by Western blotting. AML12 cells were transfected with miR-27b precursor or anti-miR-27b for 24 h, then q-PCR was adopted to determine KSRP mRNA, and KSRP protein was detected by Western blotting.The expressions of miR-182, miR-23b and miR27b were decreased and miR-122 was increased in AML12 cells following SEA treatment (allAfter the stimulation of SEA, the expressions of a variety of liver fibrosis-related miRNAs and KSRP change in murine hepatocytes, including miR-27b. And miR-27b can regulate the expression of KSRP. These findings might lay a foundation for further study on the molecular mechanism of fibrosis induced by schistosome infection.

To identify a myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) inThe complete cDNA of MyD88 inThe cDNA ofMyD88-dependent signaling pathway is present in

Service robot should farthest resemble the real-life interaction when interact with humans. A layered emotion model called AME (Attitude Mood Emotion) model based on Attitude is proposed, and an emotion-stimulation generation mechanism based on the OCC cognitive appraisal model and the PAD emotion space is built. The concept of 1œMood Baseline1 is introduced to describe the interaction among emotions, mood and attitude. The validity and practicability of this model can be verified based on 1œFuNiu1 robot.