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Objectives: This study was to explore the potential relationship between the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in stage 3–5 predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Design: This study included 978 patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). CAD was defined as the presence of obstructive stenosis > 50% of the lumen diameter in any of the four main coronary arteries. Gensini scores (GSs), left main coronary artery (LMCA) and three-vessel coronary artery disease (TVD) were used to elevate the severity of CAD. Results: The adjusted odds ratios of CAD were 3.059 (95% CI: 1.859–5.032) and 2.670 (95% CI: 1.605–4.441) in the third and fourth quartiles of FAR compared with the first quartile, respectively. Among 759 patients diagnosed with CAD, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that FAR (at the 0.01 level) was significantly positively associated with the presence of LMCA (adjusted OR = 1.177, 95% CI 1.067–1.299, P = 0.001) or TVD (adjusted OR = 1.154, 95% CI 1.076–1.238, P 50% del diámetro de la luz de cualquiera de las 4 arterias coronarias principales. Se utilizaron las puntuaciones de Gensini (GS), la enfermedad de la arteria coronaria izquierda (EACI) y la EAC de 3 vasos (ETV) para evaluar la gravedad de la EAC. Resultados: Los cocientes de posibilidades de EAC fueron 3,059 (IC del 95%: 1,859-5,032) y 2,670 (IC del 95%: 1,605-4,441) en el tercer y el cuarto cuartiles de la FAR en comparación con el primer cuartil, respectivamente. Entre los 759 pacientes diagnosticados de EAC, el análisis de regresión logística de múltiples variables mostró que la FAR (al nivel 0,01) presentaba una asociación positiva significativa con la presencia de EACI (OR ajustada = 1,177, IC del 95%: 1,067-1,299, p = 0,001) o ETV (OR ajustada=1,154, IC del 95%: 1,076-1,238, p < 0,001) y una puntuación GS mayor (OR ajustada = 1,152, IC del 95%: 1,073-1,238, p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los niveles de FAR se asociaron de manera independiente con la presencia y la gravedad de EAC en los pacientes con ERC en estadio 3-5 en la etapa prediálisis.

It is crucial to explore the impact of dietary interventions on depression and develop functional antidepressant foods, due to the significant side effects and poor treatment compliance of antidepressant drugs. Osmanthus fragrans flowers are edible and medicinal materials owing to their delightful floral aroma and significant health benefits. Here, we evaluated the antidepressant effects of the ethanolic extract of O. fragrans var. thunbergii flowers (OFE) and investigated the mechanisms of action on the serotonin system and neuroinflammation, and analyzed the main chemical components of OFE. A single administration of OFE significantly reduced the immobility duration in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests in mice without affecting locomotor activity. OFE exhibited selective enhancing effects on 5‐HTergic function in vivo, as demonstrated by its potentiating effects on 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP)‐induced head‐twitch behavior and alleviation effects on reserpine‐induced ptosis deficits. In addition, OFE increased 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) concentration and upregulated 5‐HT1A expression in reserpine‐treated mice, further validating its effects on 5‐HT transmission. Interestingly, OFE significantly alleviated microglia activation and the production of inflammatory mediators, both in reserpine‐treated mice in vivo and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV‐2 cells in vitro. Additionally, 62 components in OFE were identified using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and glycoside derivatives were shown to be the major constituents of OFE. The present study showed that OFE can alleviate depressive‐like behaviors by modulating the serotonin system and reducing neuroinflammation. These results suggest that OFE can be valuable dietary supplements with therapeutic effects on depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To observe the treatment effects of different dialysis modalities on pruritus in elderly uremic patients. Methods: After screening, 67 elderly dialysis patients were selected, including 25 hemodialysis (HD) patients, 20 HD combined with hemodiafiltration (HD + HDF) patients, and 22 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were measured before the initial dialysis, and 8 and 12 weeks after the dialysis. During these periods, cutaneous pruritus scores were documented and the remission rate of itching was calculated. Results: There were significant differences in the plasma β2-MG and iPTH levels at 8 and 12 weeks after the initial dialysis in the HDF and PD groups (all p 0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the pruritus remission rates in the PD, HDF, and HD groups were 68.18%, 60.00%, and 24.00%, respectively. Conclusion: PD and HDF can clear β2-MG and iPTH and provide relief from cutaneous pruritus efficiently in elderly uremic patients.

Background: To observe the impact of different incident dialysis modalities on the cardiac structure and function of elderly uremic patients. Methods: After screening, 79 elderly dialysis patients were included, including 29 hemodialysis (HD) patients, 26 HD plus hemodiafiltration (HD+HDF) patients, and 24 HD plus hemoperfusion (HD+HP) patients. The β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels were measured before the initial dialysis and 6 months afterward; at the same time, cardiac structure and function were documented by echocardiography. Results: There were significant differences in the levels of plasma β2-MG and iPTH 6 months later in the HDF and HP groups (all p < 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) decreased in the HP group, while the ejection fraction (EF) increased significantly in both the HP and HDF groups (all p < 0.05). The EFs in the HP and HDF groups were significantly higher than that in the HD group, while the LVESV and LVEDV in the HP group were significantly lower than those in the HD group (all p < 0.05). The differences in LVEDV, E/A, and EF in the HP and HDF groups were greater than those in the HD group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: HP and HDF can clear β2-MG and iPTH, and improve the cardiac structure and functional efficiency in elderly uremic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of tea polyphenols (TP) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injuries and explore the possible mechanisms., Methods: Langendorff-perfused rat hearts were subjected to ischemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for another 30 min. Myocardial function indices were measured by a left ventricular cannula via a pressure transducer connected to the polygraph in isolated Langendorff hearts and energy metabolism was measured using (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Whole-cell atch-clamp technique was used to record calcium inward current (I(Ca-L)) in cultured rat cardiac myocytes., Results: Compared with the control hearts, the ex vivo rat hearts with 2.5 mg/L TP treatment showed significantly increased left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximal rise rate of LVDP (+dp/d(tmax)), maximal fall rate of LVDP (-dp/dt(max)), and coronary flow (CF) (P<0.05). During both cardiac ischemia and reperfusion phase, ATP and PCr levels were elevated significantly in TP-treated hearts compared with those in the control hearts (P<0.05). In cultured rat cardiac myocytes, ICa-L was remarkably decreased by TP at the doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/L (P<0.01)., Conclusion: Our results support a possible protective role of TP against myocardial IR injury by improving myocardial energy metabolism and inhibiting I(Ca-L) in the cardiac myocytes.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of thienorphine on small intestinal transit in vivo and on guinea-pig ileum (GPI) contraction in vitro., Methods: The effects of thienorphine on intestinal transit were examined in mice and in isolated GPI. Buprenorphine and morphine served as controls. The distance traveled by the head of the charchol and the total length of the intestine were measured in vivo. Gastrointestinal transit was expressed as a percentage of the distance traveled by the head of the marker relative to the total length of the small intestine. The isolated GPI preparations were connected to an isotonic force transducer and equilibrated for at least 1 h before exposure to drugs. Acetylcholine was used for muscle stimulation., Results: Thienorphine (0.005-1.0 mg/kg, ig) or buprenorphine (0.005-1.0 mg/kg, sc) dose-dependently significantly inhibited gut transit compared with saline. Thienorphine inhibited gut transit less than buprenorphine. The maximum inhibition by thienorphine on the intestinal transit was 50%-60%, whereas the maximum inhibition by morphine on gut transit was about 100%. Thienorphine also exhibited less inhibition on acetylcholine-induced contraction of GPI, with a maximum inhibition of 65%, compared with 93% inhibition by buprenorphine and 100% inhibition by morphine. Thienorphine induced a concentration-dependent decrease in the basal tonus of spontaneous movement of the GPI, the effect of which was weaker than that with buprenorphine. The duration of the effect of thienorphine on the GPI was longer than that with buprenorphine., Conclusion: Thienorphine had less influence, but a longer duration of action on GPI contraction and moderately inhibited intestinal transit.

The pharmacokinetics of 6beta-naltrexol (6beta-NOL) following single intramuscular administration and multiple intramuscular injection once per day for seven days was studied in 4 Beagle dogs. Plasma concentration of 6beta-NOL in dogs was analyzed by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection with naloxone (NLX) as internal standard. After single intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg x kg(-1) 6beta-NOL, the plasma concentration-time curve of the drug was found to fit to a two compartment model with first-order absorption. The main parameters of single dosing were as follows: t1/2alpha was (0.26 +/- 0.23) h, t1/2beta was (4.77 +/- 1.65) h, C(max) was (81.65 +/- 5.61) ng x mL(-1), t(peak) was (0.27 +/- 0.07) h, CL(s) was (1.20 +/- 0.06) L x kg(-1) x h(-1), V/F(c) was (1.94 +/- 0.15) L x kg(-1), and AUC(0-t) was (166.82 +/- 7.68) ng x h x mL(-1), separately. After multiple intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg x kg(-1) 6beta-NOL once per day for seven days, the plasma concentration-time curve of the drug fitted to a two compartment model with first-order absorption too. The main parameters of the last dosing were as follows: t1/2alpha was (0.19 +/- 0.18) h, t1/2beta was (5.79 +/- 1.50) h, C(max) was (79.82 +/- 10.5) ng x mL(-1), t(peak) was (0.18 +/- 0.08) h, CL(s) was (1.12 +/- 0.07) L x kg(-1) x h(-1), V/F(c) was (2.10 +/- 0.27) L x kg(-1), and AUC(0-t) was (173.23 +/- 9.49) ng x h x mL(-1), separately. The difference of the parameters between the first and the last dosing was not significant, showing that the plasma kinetics of 6beta-naltrexol was not changed after multiple administrations. In the course of multiple administration, the peak and valley concentration of plasma 6beta-naltrexol were (79.03 +/- 10.3) and (1.50 +/- 0.93) ng x mL(-1), respectively. No clear adverse events were noted during this study. These results showed that plasma 6beta-naltrexol fits to a two compartment model with first-order absorption in dog after intramuscular administration and their pharmacokinetic parameters were reported. There was no remarkable change on plasma pharmacokinetics of 6beta-naltrexol after multiple intramuscular administrations.

In order to identify ceftriaxone and its analogs whether has the function of anti-tolerance of morphine and study the dose-effect relation of ceftriaxone in mice, hot plate method to measure pain threshold of mouse and naloxone withdrawal models were carried out and compared with normal saline group. Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime had the effect of anti-tolerance and anti-dependence of morphine notably. And ceftriaxone has the effect of anti-tolerance of morphine in a dose dependent manner.