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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. Advanced utilization of the knowledge embedded in LLMs for automated annotation has consistently been explored. This study proposed to develop an emotion lexicon for Cantonese, a low-resource language, through collaborative efforts between LLM and human annotators. By integrating emotion labels provided by LLM and human annotators, the study leveraged existing linguistic resources including lexicons in other languages and local forums to construct a Cantonese emotion lexicon enriched with colloquial expressions. The consistency of the proposed emotion lexicon in emotion extraction was assessed through modification and utilization of three distinct emotion text datasets. This study not only validates the efficacy of the constructed lexicon but also emphasizes that collaborative annotation between human and artificial intelligence can significantly enhance the quality of emotion labels, highlighting the potential of such partnerships in facilitating natural language processing tasks for low-resource languages., Comment: 13 pages

Although genuine multipartite entanglement (GME), as one quantum resource, is indispensable in quantum information processing, most of the existing measures cannot detect GME faithfully. In this paper, we present a novel GME measure, namely the minimum pairwise concurrence (MPC), by introducing pairwise entanglement, which characters the entanglement between two single-qubit subsystems of a multipartite system without tracing out the remaining qubit. The pairwise entanglement can be obtained by combining the entanglement of reduced subsystem and three-tangle. Compared with the existing measures, the MPC measure outperforms the previous ones in many aspects. Due to its fine properties, it thus is believed that the MPC could be one of good candidates in achieving potential quantum tasks and also facilitate the understanding for GME., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, comments are welcomed. Accepted by Physical Review A

Let $(G,\{\rho_0, \rho_1, \rho_2\})$ be a string C-group of order $4p^m$ with type $\{k_1, k_2\}$ for $m \geq 2$, $k_1, k_2\geq 3$ and $p$ be an odd prime. Let $P$ be a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$. We prove that $G \cong P \rtimes (\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2)$, $d(P)=2$, and up to duality, $p \mid k_1, 2p \mid k_2$. Moreover, we show that if $P$ is abelian, then $(G,\{\rho_0, \rho_1, \rho_2\})$ is tight and hence known. In the case where $P$ is nonabelian, we construct an infinite family of string C-group with type $\{p, 2p\}$ of order $4p^m$ where $m \geq 3$., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.02925

In recent years, simulation methods based on the scaling of atomic potential functions, such as quasi-coarse-grained dynamics and coarse-grained dynamics, have shown promising results for modeling crystalline systems at multiple scales. However, this letter presents evidence suggesting that the spatiotemporal trajectories of coarse-grained systems generated by such simulation methods exhibit a complete correspondence with those of specific molecular dynamics systems. In essence, current coarse-grained simulation methods involve a direct amplification of the results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations across spatial and temporal scales, yet they may lack the capability to adequately capture authentic scale effects. Consequently, the findings of related studies warrant careful re-evaluation. Furthermore, this study underscores the importance of not only verifying the consistency of mesoscale simulation methods with microscopic simulations but also meticulously assessing their capability to accurately forecast mesoscale physical phenomena., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Segment Anything Model (SAM) has garnered significant attention in segmentation tasks due to their zero-shot generalization ability. However, a broader application of SAMs to real-world practice has been restricted by their low inference speed and high computational memory demands, which mainly stem from the attention mechanism. Existing work concentrated on optimizing the encoder, yet has not adequately addressed the inefficiency of the attention mechanism itself, even when distilled to a smaller model, which thus leaves space for further improvement. In response, we introduce SAM-Lightening, a variant of SAM, that features a re-engineered attention mechanism, termed Dilated Flash Attention. It not only facilitates higher parallelism, enhancing processing efficiency but also retains compatibility with the existing FlashAttention. Correspondingly, we propose a progressive distillation to enable an efficient knowledge transfer from the vanilla SAM without costly training from scratch. Experiments on COCO and LVIS reveal that SAM-Lightening significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both run-time efficiency and segmentation accuracy. Specifically, it can achieve an inference speed of 7 milliseconds (ms) per image, for images of size 1024*1024 pixels, which is 30.1 times faster than the vanilla SAM and 2.1 times than the state-of-the-art. Moreover, it takes only 244MB memory, which is 3.5\% of the vanilla SAM. The code and weights are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SAM-LIGHTENING-BC25/.

The Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) slitless spectroscopic survey will observe objects to a limiting magnitude of ~ 23 mag (5$\sigma$, point sources) in U, V, and I over 17500 deg$^2$. The spectroscopic observations are expected to be highly efficient and complete for mapping galaxies over 0 < z < 1 with secure redshift measurements at spectral resolutions of R ~ 200, providing unprecedented data sets for cosmological studies. To quantitatively examine the survey potential, we develop a software tool, namely the CSST Emulator for Slitless Spectroscopy (CESS), to quickly generate simulated 1D slitless spectra with limited computing resources. We introduce the architecture of CESS and the detailed process of creating simulated CSST slitless spectra. The extended light distribution of a galaxy induces the self-broadening effect on the 1D slitless spectrum. We quantify the effect using morphological parameters: S\'ersic index, effective radius, position angle, and axis ratio. Moreover, we also develop a module for CESS to estimate the overlap contamination rate for CSST grating observations of galaxies in galaxy clusters. Applying CESS to the high-resolution model spectra of a sample of ~ 140 million galaxies with m_z < 21 mag selected from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument LS DR9 catalogue, we obtain the simulated CSST slitless spectra. We examine the dependence of measurement errors on different types of galaxies due to instrumental and observational effects and quantitatively investigate the redshift completeness for different environments out to z ~ 1. Our results show that the CSST spectroscopy is able to provide secure redshifts for about one-quarter of the sample galaxies., Comment: 14 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Dust attenuation in star-forming galaxies (SFGs), as parameterized by the infrared excess (IRX $\equiv L_{\rm IR}/L_{\rm UV}$), is found to be tightly correlated with star formation rate (SFR), metallicity and galaxy size, following a universal IRX relation up to $z=3$. This scaling relation can provide a fundamental constraint for theoretical models to reconcile galaxy star formation, chemical enrichment, and structural evolution across cosmic time. We attempt to reproduce the universal IRX relation over $0.1\leq z\leq 2.5$ using the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations and examine sensitive parameters in determining galaxy dust attenuation. Our findings show that while the predicted universal IRX relation from EAGLE approximately aligns with observations at $z\leq 0.5$, noticeable disparities arise at different stellar masses and higher redshifts. Specifically, we investigate how modifying various galaxy parameters can affect the predicted universal IRX relation in comparison to the observed data. We demonstrate that the simulated gas-phase metallicity is the critical quantity for the shape of the predicted universal IRX relation. We find that the influence of the infrared luminosity and infrared excess is less important while galaxy size has virtually no significant effect. Overall, the EAGLE simulations are not able to replicate some of the observed characteristics between IRX and galaxy parameters of SFGs, emphasizing the need for further investigation and testing for our current state-of-the-art theoretical models., Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Partial Label Learning (PLL) is a type of weakly supervised learning where each training instance is assigned a set of candidate labels, but only one label is the ground-truth. However, this idealistic assumption may not always hold due to potential annotation inaccuracies, meaning the ground-truth may not be present in the candidate label set. This is known as Unreliable Partial Label Learning (UPLL) that introduces an additional complexity due to the inherent unreliability and ambiguity of partial labels, often resulting in a sub-optimal performance with existing methods. To address this challenge, we propose the Unreliability-Robust Representation Learning framework (URRL) that leverages unreliability-robust contrastive learning to help the model fortify against unreliable partial labels effectively. Concurrently, we propose a dual strategy that combines KNN-based candidate label set correction and consistency-regularization-based label disambiguation to refine label quality and enhance the ability of representation learning within the URRL framework. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art PLL methods on various datasets with diverse degrees of unreliability and ambiguity. Furthermore, we provide a theoretical analysis of our approach from the perspective of the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Upon acceptance, we pledge to make the code publicly accessible.

The study of ultracold atomic spin systems with long-range interaction provides the possibility of searching for magnetic supersolid phases in quantum many-body scenarios. In this paper, we consider two-species Bose gases with spin-orbit coupling and nearest-neighbor interaction confined in a two-dimensional optical lattice. The competition between spin-orbit coupling and interactions creates rich ground-state diagrams with supersolid phases exhibiting phase modulations or magnetic orderings. We obtain the phase-twisted and phase-striped pair checkboard supersolid phases that are generated by the combination of spin-orbit coupling and intraspecies nearest-neighbor interaction. The introduction of interspecies nearest-neighbor interaction enriches the quantum phases of the system. It leads to the appearance of the phase-twisted and phase-striped lattice supersolid phases. In addition to the lattice supersolid phase, we find the emergence of nontrivial supersolid phases that depend on the interspecies on-site interaction strength. The lattice-insulated supersolid phase with supersolidility in one species but insulation in the other exists in the miscible domain, while the pair striped supersolid phase with stripe structures in each species is in the immiscible domain. Finally, to further characterize each phase, we discuss their spin-dependent momentum distributions and spin textures. The magnetic textures, such as antiferromagnetic, spiral and stripe orders, are shown in SS phases. The results here could help in the observe for these magnetic supersolid phases in ultracold atomic experiments with nearest-neighbor interaction and spin-orbit coupling in optical lattice.

We construct four infinite families of chiral $3$-polytopes of type $\{4, 8\}$, with $1024m^4$, $2048m^4$, $4096m^4$ and $8192m^4$ automorphisms for every positive integer $m$, respectively. The automorphism groups of these polytopes are solvable groups, and when $m$ is a power of $2$, they provide examples with automorphism groups of order $2^n$ where $n \geq 10$. (On the other hand, no chiral polytopes of type $\{4, 8\}$ exist for $n \leq 9$.) In particular, our families give a partial answer to a problem proposed by Schulte and Weiss in [Problems on polytopes, their groups, and realizations, {\em Period. Math. Hungar.} 53 (2006), 231-255] and a problem proposed by Pellicer in [Developments and open problems on chiral polytopes, {\em Ars Math. Contemp} 5 (2012), 333-354]., Comment: 11pges,1 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1912.03398