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Macrophages are crucial immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), involved in regulating tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, ECM remodeling, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. Although more and more experimental evidence and clinical data indicate that macrophages are involved in the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the exact pathogenesis of OSCC associated with macrophages has not been fully elucidated. Enhanced knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involving macrophages in OSCC will aid in the creation of treatments targeted specifically at macrophages. This review outlines the pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral effects of macrophages in OSCC, emphasizing the interaction between OSCC cells and macrophages. It can provide theoretical basis for the establishment of complex regulatory network centered on macrophages and explore novel therapeutic strategies for OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals who suffer from simple snoring rarely go to a doctor due to a lack of medical knowledge, but simple snoring can reduce the individual's quality of life and may cause social problems to the bed partner/family members. Objectives: The aims of the present study are to explore the effects of online modified oropharyngeal exercises on the individuals with simple snoring and to provide a rehabilitation method for individuals with simple snoring. Methods: This study is a double‐blinded, two‐arm, randomized controlled trial. Participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 33) or the control group (n = 33). The participants in the control group received health education on snoring, while the participants in the intervention group received the modified oropharyngeal exercise besides health education on snoring. The intervention duration was 4 weeks. The primary outcomes included snoring index, snoring loudness, and snoring quantity. The secondary outcomes included self‐reported snoring, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and quality of life. All outcomes were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Results: Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses showed significant differences between the intervention group and the control group on snoring index, loudness, and quantity (p <.001). Moreover, modified oropharyngeal exercise had effects on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and quality of life in individuals with simple snoring (p <.001). Self‐reported snoring also improved at 8 weeks. Conclusion: The modified oropharyngeal exercises were effective in improving simple snoring. It could also improve sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OsNRAMP5 is a pivotal gene involved in the uptake and transport of cadmium and manganese in rice plants. While the knockout of OsNRAMP5 has significantly decreased cadmium accumulation in rice grains, its impact on the adaptability of indica hybrid rice and its paternal parent still needs to be more adequately explored. This study conducted a three-year field experiment with two of the OsNRAMP5 knockout lines (indica hybrid rice LYDG-1 and its paternal parent DG-1) and their wild-type at four distinct locations in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Their adaptability was evaluated by cadmium and manganese accumulation, yield traits, and grain quality. The findings reveal that OsNRAMP5 knockout lines, when grown in mildly and moderately Cd-contaminated paddies, exhibit significantly and stably lower cadmium and manganese accumulation compared with the wild-type. However, there were no significant differences in cadmium and manganese content between LYDG-1 and DG-1. Regarding yield traits, OsNRAMP5 knockout lines did not show a significant reduction compared with the wild-type, except for DG-1 in soil with lower manganese content. For grain quality, the quality of the appearance of OsNRAMP5 knockout lines significantly improved compared with the wild-type. However, the milling quality of DG-1 significantly reduced compared with the wild-type, while this negative impact for LYDG-1 was only observed in soils with lower manganese content. Overall, the indica hybrid rice with an OsNRAMP5 knockout exhibits better adaptability than its paternal parent in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. These findings offer valuable insights into the potential application and promotion of OsNRAMP5 mutant rice varieties in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]