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Aseptic seedlings of Rabdosia rubescens were used as the experiment material. In R. rubescens regeneration period, the rare-earth elements La3+ or Ce3+ with different concentrations were added in the culture medium. Fresh and dry weight of the plant were determined by gravimetric method. HPLC method was used for the determination of oridonin, ponicidin and rosmarinic acid content. We determined weight according to evaluating methods of agricultural and horticultural crops and the importance of indexes in the production of R. rubescens. The quality synthetic evaluation was also carried out according to weighted mark. The effects of rare earth elements La3+ and Ce3+ on R. rubescens tissue culture and the contents of oridonin, ponicidin, rosmarinic acid in R. rubescens were studied. The synthetic score of blank control group was 61.51 points,under the condition of 1 μmol•L-1 CeCl3•7H2O, the score reached up to the highest value of 87.20 points. But under the condition of 5 μmol•L-1 LaCl3•6H2O,the score 74.44 points. The results of this experiment showed that CeCl3•7H2O had more positive promoting effects on the growth of regeneration plant of R. rubescens and the accumulation of main secondary metabolites than LaCl3•6H2O. The optimal concentration of Ce3+ or La3+ could promote the growth of regeneration plant of R. rubescens and secondary metabolites oridonin, ponicidin and rosmarinic synthesis. However, La3+ concentration in high level inhibited the growth of R. rubescens plant regeneration. The experiment would lay a foundation for further study on the promotion effect on the growth of regeneration plant of R. rubescens. The study of R. rubescens could provide theoretical basis for the rational utilization of rare earth elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to reveal the possible role of miR160 family in Rehmannia glutinosa in response to the infection of endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum GG22. Specifically, miR160 precursors and mature miR160 were retrieved from the small RNA database yielded by high-throughput sequencing. RNAfold was used to analyze the precursor structure, and DNAMAN and MEGA to analyze conservation and evolution of miR160 precursors and mature miR160. The target genes of miR160 were predicted and annotated, and the interaction was analyzed. Based on degradome sequencing, the target genes were further identified. The results showed that miR160 precursors had intact stem-loop structures. The precursor and mature sequences were conserved, particularly the 3 rd-16 th bases of the 5'-terminal. According to the phylogenetic tree, R. glutinosa had close evolutionary relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Sesamum indicum. A total of 22 target genes of miR160 were predicted and most of them were auxin response factor(ARF) genes. The target genes were involved in the Gene Ontology(GO) terms of biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. According to the degradome sequencing results, four target genes of miR160 were ARF(ARF18, ARF22) genes. R. glutinosa regulated its growth in response to the infection of endophytic fungus by changing the expression of miR160 and the target genes. qRT-PCR result of the differentially expressed rgl-miR160a and rgl-miR160a-3p was consistent with the sequencing result. This study clarifies the molecular mechanism of R. glutinosa in response to GG22 stress, laying a theoretical basis for the improvement and future research of R. glutinosa.

In order to explore genetic basis for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolism,the transcriptome of Cornus officinalis was sequenced by the new generation of high-throughput sequencing technology,A total of 96 032 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 590.53 bp. Among them, 35 478 unigenes were annotated in the public databases NR,Swissprot,COG,GO,KOG,Pfam and KEGG. Based on the assignment of KEGG pathway, 84 involved in ridoid biosynthesis and 487 unigenes involved in others secondary metabolites biosynthesis were found. Additionally,53 unigenes and 72 unigenes were predicted to have potential functions of cytochome P450 and UDP- glycosyltransferases based on the annotation result, which may encode responsible for secondary metabolites modification. This study was the first comprehensive transcriptome analysis for C. officinalis, and the candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were obtained. The transcriptome data constitutes a much more abundant genetic resource that can be utilized to benefit further molecular biology studies on C. officinalis., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To clone the acetyl-CoA C-acetyl transferase( AACT) gene from Isodon rubescens, and to analyze the bioinformatics and expression of the gene., Methods: According to the IrAACT gene sequence of Isodon rubescens transcriptome,a pair of primers was designed, and the ORF of cDNA sequence was obtained by reverse transcription PCR. Bioinformatic analysis of this gene and its corresponding protein were performed. Real-time quantitative PCR( q PCR) was used to detect the relative expression levels of IrAACT different tissues of Isodon rubescens., Results: The IrAACT cDNA sequence contained a 1 254 bp open reading frame and encoded a predicted protein of 417 amino acids. IrAACT had extensive homology with AACTs from other plant species, such as Salvia miltiorrhiza, et al. Bioinformatic analysis showed that IrAACT-encoding protein contained the thiolase Ⅱ catalytic domain. q PCR analysis showed that the expression of IrAACT was tissue-specific, and accumulation of transcripts was greater in flowers and leaves, followed by stems, roots and callus., Conclusion: It is the first time to report IrAACT gene and its relative expression level. The results will provide a groundwork for studying the function of IrAACT in terpenoid biosynthesis of Isodon rubescens.

Objective: To improve the yield and quality of Dioscrea zingibiernsis., Methods: The Biochemical indices and the diosgenin's content were analysed in the autotetraploid lines., Results: The results showed that the activities of APX, SOD and POD in most of autotetraploid lines were higher than that in diploid line or close to it, there was also difference between autotetraploid lines and control lines in the SDS-PAGE of soluble proteins. The content of diosgenin in most autotetraploid plantlets were higher than that in the control., Conclusion: There were difference between autotetraploid and control lines in the content of diosgenin and Biochemical indices, therefore, inducing autotetraploid could be an effective way to breeding the superior varieties.

Objective: To research the three fertilizer of N, P, K impacting Rabdosia rubescens on the yield and quality., Methods: The optimum design of three factors with D-saturation design plan of N, P, K was adopted in the pot experiment., Results: The fertilizers of N, P, K made an obvious improvement in the growth, yield and quality of Rabdosia rubescens., Conclusions: The N fertilizer plays an important role in the growth of plants. The K fertilizer makes a great impact on the accumulating of oridonin. The N, P, K fertilizers applied reasonably can make the Rabdosia rubescens high yields and improve its quality.

In the title compound, C(6)H(6)O(4), inter- and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds are observed which help to establish the crystal structure. There are weak π-π interactions between pyran rings separated by 3.5692 (9) Å.