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Abstract: Insulin activates glucose transport by promoting translocation of the insulin-sensitive fat/muscle-specific glucose transporter GLUT4 from an intracellular storage compartment to the cell surface. Here we report that an optimal insulin effect on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is dependent upon expression of both PIKfyve, the sole enzyme for PtdIns 3,5-P2 biosynthesis, and the PIKfyve activator, ArPIKfyve. Small-interfering RNAs that selectively ablated PIKfyve or ArPIKfyve in this cell type depleted the PtdIns 3,5-P2 pool and reduced insulin-activated glucose uptake to a comparable degree. Combined loss of PIKfyve and ArPIKfyve caused further PtdIns 3,5-P2 ablation that correlated with greater attenuation in insulin responsiveness. Loss of PIKfyve–ArPIKfyve reduced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and the cell surface accumulation of GLUT4 or IRAP, but not GLUT1-containing vesicles, without affecting overall expression of these proteins. ArPIKfyve and PIKfyve were found to physically associate in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and this was insulin independent. In vitro labeling of membranes isolated from basal or insulin-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes documented substantial insulin-dependent increases of PtdIns 3,5-P2 production on intracellular membranes. Together, the data demonstrate for the first time a physical association between functionally related PIKfyve and ArPIKfyve in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and indicate that the novel ArPIKfyve–PIKfyve–PtdIns 3,5-P2 pathway is physiologically linked to insulin-activated GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

JIPs (c-Jun N-terminal kinase interacting proteins), which scaffold JNK/p38 MAP kinase signaling modules, also bind conventional kinesins and are implicated in microtubule-based membrane trafficking in neuronal cells. Here we have identified a novel splice variant of the Jip4 gene product JLPL (JNK-interacting leucine zipper protein) in yeast-two hybrid screens with the phosphoinositide kinase PlKfyve. The interaction was confirmed by puildown and coimmunoprecipitation assays in native cells. It engages the PlKfyve cpn60_TCP1 consensus sequence and the last 75 residues of the JLP C terminus. Sub-populations of both proteins cofractionated and populated similar structures at the cell perinuclear region. Because PlKfyve is essential in endosome-to-trans-Golgi network (TGN) cargo transport, we tested whether JLP is a PlKfyve functional partner in this trafficking pathway. Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of endogenous JLP or PlKfyve profoundly delayed the microtubule-based transport of chimeric furin (Tac-furin) from endosomes to the TGN in a CHO cell line, which was rescued upon ectopic expression of siRNA-resistant JLP or PlKfyve constructs. Peptides from the contact sites in PlKfyve and JLP, or a dominant-negative PlKfyve mutant introduced into cells by ectopic expression or microinjection, induced a similar defect. Because Tac-TGN38 delivery from endosomes to the TGN, unlike that of Tac-furin, does not require intact microtubules, we monitored the effect of JLP and PlKfyve depletion or the interacting peptides administration on Tac-TGN38 trafficking. Remarkably, neither maneuver altered the Tac-TGN38 delivery to the TGN. Our data indicate that JLP interacts with PlKfyve and that both proteins and their association are required in microtubule-based, but not in microtubule- independent, endosome-to-TGN cargo transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multivesicular body morphology and size are controlled in part by PtdIns(3,5)P2, produced in mammalian cells by PIKfyve-directed phosphorylation of PtdIns(3)P. Here we identify human Vac14 (hVac14), an evolutionarily conserved protein, present in all eukaryotes but studied principally in yeast thus far, as a novel positive regulator of PIKfyve enzymatic activity. In mammalian cells and tissues, Vac14 is a low-abundance 82-kDa protein, but its endogenous levels could be up-regulated upon ectopic expression of hVac14. PIKfyve and hVac14 largely cofractionated, populated similar intracellular locales, and physically associated. A small-interfering RNA-directed gene-silencing approach to selectively eliminate endogenous hVac14 rendered HEK293 cells susceptible to morphological alterations similar to those observed upon expression of PIKfyve mutants deficient in PtdIns(3,5)P2 production. Largely decreased in vitro PIKfyve kinase activity and unaltered PIKfyve protein levels were detected under these conditions. Conversely, ectopic expression of hVac14 increased the intrinsic PIKfyve lipid kinase activity. Concordantly, intracellular PtdIns (3)P-to-PtdIns (3,5)P2 conversion was perturbed by hVac14 depletion and was elevated upon ectopic expression of hVac14. These data demonstrate a major role of the PIKfyve-associated hVac14 protein in activating PIKfyve and thereby regulating PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis and endo-membrane homeostasis in mammalian cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]